【新高考-新课件】-人教选择性必修二-Unit1-Using-Lang

瑞鑫点教教研院制作PartIVUnit1ScienceandScientistUsingLanguage·Talkabout

scientificexperiences

·Whatmakesgreatscientists

配套教材：人民教育出版社普通高中教科书选择性必修第二册第一单元：科学与科学家第四课时:语言运用听说：探究科学阅读：解析伟大科学家

Talkingaboutscientificexperiencescommoncharacteristicscautiouspersuasivestrictpositiveco-operativecreativebrightenthusiastic

Whatmakesgreatscientists?PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith“greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit”whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievementanddevotion.Qianwasanextremelywell-respectedman.Whilereadingthepassage,findwordsthatdescribethepersonalitiesofQianXuesen.Howdoes

thestoryofQianXuesenhelpillustratethesepersonalities?QianXuesenWORDSILLUSTRATIONPassage1

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中国航天之父—钱学森BorninHangzhouin1911,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.QianwenttotheUnitedStatesin1935topursuehisgraduatestudies.Overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,QianbecameapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnology.AsagraduateassistantattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyduringthe1930s,Qianhelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion,andinthe1940s,heandseveralotherpeoplefoundedtheJetPropulsionLaboratory,nowoneofNASA'sleadingspace-explorationcentres.Passage1TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中国航天之父—钱学森DidQianchangehismajorbecauseofashiftinpersonalinterest?Whatwillyoudoifthereisacontradiction(矛盾)betweenyouridealmajorandreallife?NASA,美国国家航空航天局,是目前世界上最权威的航空航天科研机构，与许多国内及国际上的科研机构分享其研究数据。AfterovercomingsomedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS,QianreturnedtoChinain1955.Hereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.Passage1

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中国航天之父——钱学森Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewasundeveloped.NoinstituteoruniversityinChinaofferedrocketscienceasamajor,andtherewerenotalentsorexpertsinthisfieldinChina.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.Whenasked"CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?",hisreplywasadetermined“Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeoplemake."QianXuesen'sfamily,thephotowastakenbeforehisreturningtoChinain1955.Passage1

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中国航天之父—钱学森UnderQian'sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.In1970,Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongI,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalsobetracedbacktoQian'sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof'thefatherofChina'saerospace".Qianreadalotandwasextremelyknowledgeable,especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehiminspirationinhisscientificresearch.On31October2009,thewholecountrywassaddenedbyQian'sdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhimindifferentways.Passage1

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中国航天之父—钱学森————QianXuesen'sstatueinXi'anJiaoTongUniversityWriteapersonalprofileaboutQianXuesenaccordingtotheinformationfromthepassageQianXuesenBirth&DeathEducationExperienceAchievementsPersonalitiesQianXuesendeniedAmerican'scitizenshipandreturnedtoChinain1955."Idonotplantocomeback,"declaredQian."Ihavenoreasontocomeback….IplantodomybesttohelptheChinesepeoplebuildupthenationwheretheycanlivewithdignityandhappiness."Heobeyedthepromiseuntilhisdeath.（编者的话）Passage1

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中国航天之父—钱学森QianXuesen'spersonalprofileBirth&DeathEducationExperienceAchievementsPersonalitiesfrom1911to31stOctober2009anextremelywell-respectedmanpatriotic:servehishomelandwitheffortknowledgeable1.AttendedschoolsinBeijing2.ThenShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity3.in1932switchedhismajortoaviation4.in1935wenttotheUnitedStatesamanwithgreatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit1.overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,hebecameapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnology.2.Asagraduateassistant,hehelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion.3.inthe1940s,foundedtheJetPropulsionLaboratory.4.in1955,hereturnedtoChina.ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles;thefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets;Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongI,fromaLongMarchrocket.WhywasQiancalled"thefatherofChina'saerospace"?BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanbetracedbacktoQian’sresearch.Qianearnedthenameof"thefatherofChina'saerospace”.QianXuesen'slifespannedalmostacentury.InthattimeChinagrewfroma“SickManofEastAsia”toasuperpoweronEarthandinspace.Qianwaspartofthattransformation.ButhisstorycouldhavebeenagreatAmericanonetoo–wheretalent,whereveritisfound,couldthrive. ————BBCDeportingQianwasthestupidestthingthiscountryeverdid.HewasnomoreaCommunistthanIwas,andweforcedhimtogo.”————NavySecretaryDanKimballThewholestoryofAmericanscienceisthatitispropelledbypeoplecomingfromoutside…butintheseconservativetimesthat’sastorythatbecomeshardertocelebrate.ManyChineseAmericansandChinesestudentsintheUS,doknowabouthim,andwhyhehadtoleave,andtheyseetheparallelswiththepresentday.In2020,USChinarelationshavegotsomuchworse.

TheyknowtheycouldbeunderthesamesuspicionsasQian'sgeneration.

Overhalfacenturypassed,however,whenreferredasascientistfromarivalcountry,Qiangetsquitehighappreciationfromthescholarsandofficialsfromwesterncountries.ExtensiveReading

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中国航天之父—钱学森【词汇】breakout(战争、打斗等不快的事情)突然开始；爆发IwasstilllivinginLondonwhenthewarbrokeout.战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦。Aterriblefirebrokeoutinthebuildinglastnight.昨晚大楼里发生了大火。【拓展】breakdown出故障；失败；垮掉；分解breakin破门而入；打断(谈话等)breakinto强行闯入；突然……起来breakawayfrom脱离；挣脱breakup打碎；分裂；解体breakthrough突破重点句型1.However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.然而,在1932年淞沪战役爆发后，钱学森做出了将自己的专业转向航空的决定，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。【提示】breakin和breakinto都有“闯入”的意思。breakin为不及物动词短语，后不跟宾语；breakinto为及物动词短语，后可以跟宾语。【词汇】defendvt.保卫;防御Thekillerinsistedthathewasjustdefendinghimselfwhenattacked.凶手坚持说当受到攻击时他只是在进行自卫。Theunionsaidthattheywouldtakeactiontodefendtheirmember'sjobs.工会说他们将采取行动维护会员的工作权益。1.Howcanwedefendourhomelandifwedon'thaveanpowerfularmy?2.Whitebloodcellshelpdefendthebodyagainstinfection3.Whenmyfathercriticizedme,mymothercametomydefence.重点句型1.However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.然而，在1932年淞沪战役爆发后，钱学森做出了将自己的专业转向航空的决定，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。【拓展】defend...against/from保卫...免受...defendoneself为自己辩解/辩护defencen.防御;保卫indefenceof为保卫...,为...辩护inone'sdefence为某人辩护cometoone'sdefence【词汇】inchargeof主管；掌管Dr.Smithisassignedtotakechargeofthedepartment.史密斯医生受命分管这个部门。Willyoupleasetellmewhetheryouchargeforcheques?请告诉我兑换支票收手续费吗?I’llbeinchargeofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.下周厂长不在时,我将负责整个工厂。【拓展】(1)takechargeof掌管/负责……inthechargeof受……的管理；由……负责(2)freeofcharge=forfree免费(3)chargesbforsth为某物向某人收取费用chargesbwith(doing)sth控告某人(做)某事重点句型2.Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且负责中国的太空和导弹计划。【温馨提示】inchargeof多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；inthechargeof多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有:inpossessionof,inthepossessionof;incontrolof,inthecontrolof。重点句型3.Whenasked“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”,hisreplywasadetermined“Whynot...”当被问到“我们中国人能制造导弹吗?”他的回答是坚定的“为什么不能……”。1.连词+形容词As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。2.连词+名词Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.尽管他曾是个农民,现在他是位著名的导演了。3.连词+V-ingAlthough(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.尽管近来他一直在努力学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。4.连词+过去分词Hewon'tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一起去那里。5.连词+不定式Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.他站起来好像要说什么。6.连词+介词短语Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。【句式】Whenasked...是省略句，省略了从句的主语和be动词，句子补全为：Whenhewasasked...。Wheninvitedtodinner,Iamoftenunsurewhethertobringapresent.当被邀请参加宴会时，我老是拿不准是否该带礼物。Passage2

Aworldofpurethought

纯粹思考中的世界StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandgiftedscientistsinphysics.Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair,unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.Hawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk,asagraduatestudentinphysicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.Ingeneral,thereweretwomaintheoriesontheoriginoftheuniverse.Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory,whichholdsthattheuniversehasnobeginningorend.Theotherwasthebigbangtheory,whichholdsthattheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeandspace.ThebiggestchampionofthesteadystateconceptwasFredHoyle,aprofessoratCambridge.DuringthequestionandanswerperiodafteroneofHoyle'slectures.HawkingstoodupandpointedoutthatHoylehadmadeamistakeinhismaths.Oncethemathswascorrected,itshowedthatthebigbangtheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.Astarwasborn.HowwasHawking'sowntheoryprovencorrect?Hawking’sownworkonthebigbangtheorywasprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius?Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.Thishadhelpedhimasascientist,andhadhelpedhimevenmoreinhisfightagainsthisdisease.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Thisoddcombinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21stcenturies.Summary:BecauseHawkingwasdetermined,hewasabletosucceedeventhoughhewasill.bebrilliantbebravebedeterminedbewillingtoadmithisfaultsPassage2

Aworldofpurethought

纯粹思考中的世界StephenHawkingworkedas...Hisimage...HisachievementThefirstwas______________,whichholdsthat______________.Theotherwas________________,whichholdsthat_______________.oneofthemostfamousandgiftedscientistsinphysicsinhiswheelchair,unabletomove,useacomputertotalktwotheoriesontheoriginoftheuniversethesteadystatetheorytheuniversehasnobeginningorend.thebigbangtheorytheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeandspace.Fillintheblanks,finishthesummaryofAworldofpurethought.Passage2Aworldofpurethought

纯粹思考中的世界Studythelanguageandstructure.1.Underlinethelinkingwordsandphrasesinthepassages,anddescribetheirfunction.Linkingwords:And,because,after,that,notonly…butalso…,or,what,when,ect.2.Whatisthefunctionofeachparagraphinthepassages?Eachparagraphofthearticleisorganizedaroundthetopicofthearticle.3.FindWordsthatdescribethepersonalitiesofthescientists.Howdothestoriesaboutscientistshelpillustratethesepersonalities?Patriotic,devoted,determined,knowledgeable,creative,brave,ect.Thestoriesgivespecificexamplestoshowthepersonalitiesofthescientists.分析人物传记语篇的选材特点。（人物传记通常选取典型事件，用以突出人物的个性和品质。）分析人物传记语篇中的衔接词。（人物传记的逻辑衔接包括上述表示时间和空间关系，转折关系，因果关系等的衔接词语，这些形式词语的使用使得文章连贯顺畅。）分析人物传记语篇的结构。重点句型1.StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandgiftedscientistsinphysics.斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学上最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。【词汇精讲】giftedadj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的Heisoneofthemostgiftedplayersintheworld.他是世界上最有天赋的运动员之一。Brownwaswitty,amusingandgiftedwithasharpbusinessbrain.布朗机智诙谐,天生具有敏锐的商业头脑。【词汇拓展】giftn.礼物;天赋haveagiftfor有……的天赋Manyofthemhaveagiftfordancing.他们中的许多人拥有跳舞的天分。重点句型【词汇拓展】comeacross偶然遇到

comeabout发生cometo恢复常态；共计；达到(某种状况)

comeupwith提出(主语是人)

comeup提出(主语是建议等)IcameacrossmyformerEnglishteacherinthestreetyesterday.我昨天在街上遇到了我以前的英语老师。Theheadmasterwantstoknowhowtheaccidentcameabout.校长想知道事故是怎么发生的。【词汇精讲】comedownwith患(病);染上(小病)Thomascamedownwithchickenpoxattheweekend.托马斯在周末染上了水痘。Hemusthavecomedownwithabadcold,forhehasgotasorethroat.他一定是感冒了,因为他嗓子痛。2.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.由于他得了一种疾病，使他失去了大部分肌肉的使用，他的世界变成了一个抽象的思想。Keys1.cameup2.comeupwith3.camedownwith重点句型3.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。【词汇精讲】aboveall最重要的是;尤其Heishardworking,cheerful,andaboveallhonest.他勤奋、乐观,最重要的是诚实。OldMrSmithwasbelovedbyall,andaboveallbythechildren.史密斯老先生为众人所爱戴,尤其是受到孩子们的爱戴。【词汇拓展】allinall整体说来;总而言之 inall全部;合计afterall毕竟;终究atall(否定句)一点也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟Keys1.aboveall2.afterall3.Allinall4.atall1.shadow:n.影子，阴影，背光处intheshadow在阴暗处in/undertheshadowof在...阴影下ashadowof少许2.pour:vt.倒出,倒入,倾泻,斟(饮料),泼向+方位介词表示不同动作3.patriotic:adj.爱国的→patrioticallyadv.爱国地→patriotismn.爱国主义arouseone'spatrioticminds激起某人的爱国之心apatrioticact=anactofpatriotism爱国行为4.outstanding:adj.优秀的,杰出的,明显的anoutstandingyoungworkerawardoutstandingachievement/service5.concrete:adj.具体的，混凝土制的n.混凝土1.一个很奇怪的现象2.在......上施压3.被压力移除4.以......的形式5.一位备受尊重的人6.把......转向......7.帮助开展重要的研究8.打消某人做某事的念头9.接受挑战10.追溯到...11.很博学12.在科研的前言领域13.科学的精神averystrangephenomenonputsomepressureonsthtakethepressureoffintheformof...anextremelywell-respectedmanswitch...to...helpconductimportantresearchdiscouragesbfromdoingsthtakeonthechallenge(sth)betracedbackto...beextremelyknowledgeablei