完成句子所涉及的语法及常见句式

完成句子所涉及的语法及常见句式语法部分：非谓语动词类：作主语、宾语1)sb/sthbesaid/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought/anounced/expectedtodo/havedone=Itisacknowledged/said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought/announced/expectedthate.gEnglishisacknowledgedtobewidelyusedallovertheworld.=ItisacknowledgedthatEnglishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.2)Itisnouse/good/notanyuse/uselessdoing…e.gDoyouconsideritanygoodrepairingthetruckagain?3)Itisofgreat(little)use/value/importance/help/benefit/interest…todo..

4)one’sdoing/one’sbeingdone+谓语=其他e.gHiscominglateagainannoyedhisteacher.5)admit/appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/dislike/enjoy/feellike/finish/imagine/keep/mind/practice/resist/risk/suggest/miss…6)分辨：try/remember/forget/mean/regret/stop/goon+doing与+todo的区别：7)allow/advise/forbid/permit/recommended+doing与+sb+todo的区别8）sthrequire/want/need+doing(=tobedone)9)sbhavedifficulty/trouble/fun/ahardtime/agoodtime/+(in)doing或therebesomedifficulty/trouble/fun/ahardtime/agoodtime+(in)doing10)How/Whatabout+doing…11)Itiskind/clever/careless/wise/polite/foolish+ofsbtodo…12)Itisnecessary/possible/impossible/important/convenient/difficultforsbtodosth….13)sbfind/feel/think/consider/make+it+形容词或名词+(forsb)todo或+that句子e.gThismadeitpossiblethatwecouldspendourholidaysinParis.=ThismadeitpossibleforustospendourholidaysinParis.*注意非谓语动词部分的语态及时态：e.g1)Heapologizedtousforhishavingbrokenthewindow.2)Heisproudofhisteambeingawardedthefirstprize.2.作宾语补足语1）使役动词：makesbdo;makeoneself/sbdone;leavesbtodo/done/doing..havesbdo/done/doing..getsbtodo/done/doing..keepsbdoing/done..2)感官动词：see/notice/watch/observe/find/hearsbdo/doing/done被动结构：beseen/noticed/watched/observed/found/heardtodo/doing/done..其他：catch/send/get…sbdoing;leave/keep/find/makesb/sth+形容词./介词短语等e.g：keep/leavethedooropen;findhimselfinthehospital;makeChinawhatsheistoday…3.作定语1)Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearisinfrontofmyhouse.;ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisinfrontofmyhouseThebridgebuiltlastyearisinfrontofmyhouseThebridgegoingacrosstheriverisinfrontofmyhouse2)①Pleasegivehimaknifetocutwith②Thereisnothingtoworryabout.③Heneedsaroomtolivein.④Thereareonlyfiveroomslefttolivein.

4.作状语1)动词不定式表目的、结果等①Icamehereto/inorderto/soastoseehim.②Hehurriedback,onlytofindhishousebrokeninto.③Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.④Heistoooldtodothat.2)分词表时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式,结果等。①Nothavingbeenwarnedofdanger,theysteppedintothecave.②Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.③Hedidn’tworkhard,thusfailingtheexam.④Hecamein,followedbyhisstudents.3)独立主格结构：①Weatherpermitting,we’llplaygolfthisafternoon.②Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalk.③Hewaslyingontheground,hiseyeslookingstraightupward.4)with复合结构①Withnothingtakenhome,theboywasafraidtofacehisstepfather.②Withtimegoingon,theyhavebecomegoodfriends.③WithMarytohelp,heissuretosucceed.

虚拟语气类：1.表条件用于状语：(倒装形式或含蓄式)①WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.②Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwoulddowellnow.③Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.④Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.⑤Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.⑥Wereitnotforyourhelp,Icouldn’tdoit.⑦Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.⑧IfonlyIknewtheanswer!⑨IfonlyIhadn’tlostit!2.用于宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句：①sb.suggest(advise/recommend/propose/demand/require/desire/order/request/insist)thatsb(should)do/bedone②作advice;suggestion;order;request;demand;proposal等名词的表语从句或主语从句，谓语动词用(should)+do/bedone.e.gWeallagreetohissuggestionthattheplan(should)becarriedoutinnotime.③用于主语从句:a.Itisnecessary/natural/important/strange/surprising/apity/ashame/thatsb(should)dob.Itisdesired/suggested/ordered/advised/recommended/requested/requiredthatsb(should)do.3)用于定语从句：Itis(high)time(that)sbshoulddo/sbdid.e.gItis(high)time(that)weweregoing./shouldbegoing.4)用于状语从句：Hespeaksasif/asthoughhekneweverything.Hespeaksasif/asthoughhehadstudiedEnglishinAmerica.情态动词类：1）oughtto/shouldhavedone;oughtn’t/shouldn’thavedoneneedhavedone;needn’thavedonecouldhavedone;couldn’thavedonemighthavedone;2）wouldliketohavedonewouldratherdo/notdo…wouldrathersbdid/haddone…5）表推测a.肯定must(could/may/might)do/bedoing/havedoneb.否定can’t/(couldn’t/maynot/mightnot)do/bedoing/havedonec.疑问Can/Could…do/bedoing/havedone…?动词时态、语态类典型句式及结构：表愿望、打算一类词，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意愿：hope;expect;mean;intend;think;suppose;wante.gIhadthoughtthathewouldbeintimefortheinterview,butinfacthedidn’tmakeit.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthatmoment.2)固定的句式：时态：①Thisis/Itisthefirsttime(that)sbhavedone…;This/Itwasthesecondtimethatsbhaddone…②Ithasbeen/is+时间段+since+sbdid..③Itwill/won’tbe/take+时间段+beforesbdosth…Itwas(took)/wasn’t(didn’ttake)+时间段+beforesbdid…④Hewasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain.⑤Hewasonthepointofcallingherwhensheturnedupatthemeeting.⑥Hewasworkingonthephysicsproblemwhenthelightwentout.⑦Hardly/Scarcelyhadhegothomewhentherainpoureddown.⑧Nosoonerhadheseatedhimselfatthedeskthantheteachercamein.⑨Theyhadn’twalkedforamilewhentheywerewarnedofdangerahead.⑩Theyhadjustfinishedtheirworkwhenhebrokein.语态：主动形式表被动意义①Heistheonlymantoblame./Whoistoblame?②Themachinerunswell./Classbeginsateight.(此类词：read;feel;write;wear;wash;open..)③Yoursentencedoesn’tsoundright./Hiswordsproved(tobe)right.(系动词类)④Histelephonenumberiseasytoremember.(sb/sth+be+形容词+todo)⑤Theroomwants/needs/requirescleaning/tobecleaned.从句类：主语从句：①Itispossible/probable/likely/certainthatsbdo…②Itissaid/reported/thought/expected/announced/believed/decidedthatsbdo…=sbissaid/reported/thought/expected/believedtodo…③Itseems/happens/appears+that句子④Itoccurredto/hit/stuck/cametomethathewasawayonbusiness.⑤Itmakesnodifference/doesn’tmatter/mattermuchwhetherhewillcomeornot.Doesitmattermuchwhenhewillcomehere?2)宾语从句：①Hetookitforgrantedthatshewouldaccepthisflowers.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.Wehavemadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.WeoweittoyouthatIhavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish.WewillseetoitthateveryvictiminthisWenchuanEarthquakeshouldbewelltakencareof.

②Idon’tthink/believe/suppose/expect/imagineheisright.（否定前移）③Whatdoyouthink/believe/suppose/expect/imagine/consider/guesshewillsay?④Idoubtif/whetherhewillwinthegame.Idon’tdoubtthathewillwinthegame.Doyoudoubtthathewillwinthegame?3)状语从句：①时间:when,as,while,before,after,since,until,一…就…:hardly…when;nosooner…than;assoonas;themoment;theminute;theinstant;instantly;immediately;directly;soon/shortly/immediately+after句子(或doing)(介词短语：on/upondoing,sb…atthethought/sound/sightof…一想/看/听到..)②原因:because;since;nowthat;as;③地点：where,wherever④条件：if;unless;so(as)longas只要;onconditionthat;⑤让步：though;although;while;whereas;nomatter+how/when/who…=however/whenever/whoever;whether…or及：Tryashemay,heneverseemsabletodotheworkwell.Childasheis,hedarestowalkaloneinthestreetatnight.⑥结果：sothat(以致);so…that（如此…以致）;.⑦目的：sothat;inorderthat;incase;(以免；以防)⑧方式：asif;asthough;⑨比较：as…as;notas(so)…as;than;themore…,themore;Theharderwework,thegreaterprogresswecanmake.4).定语从句：①Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.②Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshewouldturnforhelp.③Helivesinahousewhosewindow/ofwhichthewindow/thewindowofwhichfacesthesea.④Ashasbeenexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.⑤Hecamelateagain,whichannoyedhisteacher.⑥Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.5)同位语从句分辨：Thefactthatshehasn’tknowntheresultoftheexaminationisclear.Thefact(that/which)shetoldmeyesterdayisofgreatimportance.句式部分：倒装：Incameagirlhehadneverseenbefore.比较：Thedooropenedandinshecame.②Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.③Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout17./Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople/Gonearethedayswhenwesufferedfromhunger.④Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork..⑤Littledoesherealizehowimportantthismeetingis.⑥NotuntilIreadyourletterdidIunderstandthetruestateofaffairs.⑦Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.⑧

Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.⑨

Childthough/asheis,heknowsalot.2)强调：①Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?②Idon’tunderstandwhyitisthatsmokingisnotallowedhere.③ItwasnotuntilhetoldmethetruththatIknewwhathadhappened.3)感叹句：①Whatfunitistogohikinginsummer!②Howdifficultthetaskis!③Howhehatedthehisbosswhotreatshisemployeesunfairly!4)祈使句：①Makeamove,andI’llshoot.=Ifyoumakeamove,I’llshoot.②Goaway,orIwillcallthepolice.=Ifyoudon’tgoaway,Iwillcallthepolice.5)therebe句型①Thereareplentyofinterestingplacestovisit.②Theremustbenotimewasted.③Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistsattendingthemeeting.④There+情态动词+be…e.gTheremust/can’t/should/usedtobemanyfiresinthatfactory.⑤There+系动词+tobe…e.gTherehappen/seem/appeartobenobodyintheroom.⑥Therestands(lived,lies,exists)+主语e.gTherestandsabigtreeonthetopofthemountain.Thereliesalakeinthewestofthepark.⑦Theregoes(comes,enters,appears,follows)+主语e.gTherecamemanyvisitorsatourschoollastSunday.Theregoesthebell.⑧Thereis+noneed/time/chance(forsb)todo…e.gThereisnochanceformetotalkwithhim.⑨Thereisnodoubtthat…Thereisnouse/point/sense(in)doing…“做某事没用或没有意义”。Thereisnodoing…“不可能……;无法……;没有办法……”e.gThereisnoknowinghowlonghemightbeaway.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.6)形容词三级常见句型：原级：①asadjas…/notso(as)adjas…e.gSomestonesinthePyramidweighasmuchas15tons.Thistestisnotso/asdifficultasthatone.thesame(n)as…e.gChinaisnolongerthesamecountryasitusedtobe.③...timesas+adj.ase.gThenewbridgebeingbuiltwillbethreetimesaslongastheoldone.④...timesthesizeof…e.gYourbagisthreetimesthesizeofmine.⑤as+adj/adv.aspossible=as+adj/adv.sbcan/could尽可能怎样地e.gI’lltellyoutheresultsassoonaspossible.比较级：1.be…times+adj(er)than…Yourbagisthreetimeslargerthanmine.2.be+adj(er)thananyother+n(单数)JapanhasalargerpopulationthananycountryinAfrica.Chinahasalagerpopulationthananyothercountryintheworld.3.be+adj(er)thananyoftheother+n(复数)Tomistallerthananyofthestudentsinhisclass.4.be+adj(er)thananybody(anything)elsein(of)…Tomistallerthananybodyelseinhisclass.5.the+adj(er)ofthetwo(n)MrWangisthemoreexperiencedofthetwoengineersinthecompany.6.be(get;turn;become)+adj(er)andadj(er)Beijingisbecomingmoreandmorebeautifulandprosperous.7.The+adj(er)….,theadi(er)…Thehigheroneaims,thefasterhedevelopshistalentsandthemorehecontributestosociety.最高级：①Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.②OfallthenovelsthatI’veeverread,Ienjoythisonethemost.7)it的几个易混句型：①

Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since+sbdid…②

Itwill(wont’)be(take)+时间段+before+sbdo…③

Itwas(wasn’t)/took(didn’ttake)+时间段+before+sbdid…④

Itwas+时间点+when+sbdid…（时间状语从句）e.gItwasfiveo’clockwhenIsawhim.⑤Itis/was+时间状语+that+句子（强调句型）e.gItwasatfiveo’clockthatIsawhim.⑥Itwasn’tuntil..that…直到……才……其他：1)Thereissome/much/great/little/nodifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth…2)What/Howaboutdoingsth…?3)be/get/becomeused/accustomedtosth/doingsth..4)除了干……外别无选择；不得不……havenochoice/alternativebuttodo…/candonothingbutdo…/can’t(help)butdo…/Thereisnothingwecandobutdosth…5)禁不住干某事……can’thelp/resistdoingchance的句型：①Thechanceisthat…=Chancesarethat….能…;大概是……e.gThechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.②Thereisachancethat…Therearechancesthat…/Thereisachanceofsbdoingsth....可能…7)beforesbcoulddo/did还没来得及……就……;……以后才……;不等……就……ShehungupthetelephonebeforeIcouldanswerit.Theycametoasmallvillagebeforetheyknew/realizedit.不知不觉就来到了一个小村。

操练：1）_____________________(还不得而知)whetheritwilldousgoodorharm.(it;remain)2)Doyouconsider___________________(有益处)cutdowntreesjustforwood.(benefit)3)He____________________(被相信已任命为)ambassadortotheFrance.(believe)4)Wearelookingforwardtothe29thOlympicGames_________________（2008年在北京举办）（hold）5)Attheverybeginning,hewasnotawareofthedifficulty______________(他向这家公司申请这份工作).(apply)6)____________________（什么使之成为可能）thatnobodyinthisvillagediedintheterribleearthquake?(it)7）Iamterriblysorryfor_________________(让你等这么长的时间).(keep)8)Theman____________________（被当场抓住偷一位妇女的钱包）wastakentothepolicestation.(catch)9)Herearetheboys_______________(经常看见在一起踢足球)(see)10)Pleaselendmeapen_________________（写封信）.(write)11)Heroseandstoodonthebench_________________(为了让别人看见他).(as;himself)12)When_______________（问到他一个星期不抽烟是否能行），henoddedhishead.（go）13)Deeply___________________(被他的一席话打动了)，weacceptedhisdonation.(move)14)____________________(没有承认打破了玻璃)，hefeltguilty.(break)15)There________________(没旅馆),wehadtoleavethetown.(hotel)16)_________________________(有这么多人捐助)，anewWenchuanCountywillstandwhereitwas.(with)17)___________________(要不是救援队)，thelittlegirlwouldn’tbeenrescuedwithoutdelay.(for)18)Iwouldhavemethimthatday,butI_________________(忙于拆房子).(engaged)19)_________________________(万一下雨)tomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.(rain)20)________________________(要是你早点来),Iwoulddobetternow.(come)21)Itisdesiredthathe_______________(被武汉大学录取).(admit)22)Heremindedusthatitwashightimethat_______________(我们该和主人道别了)（say）23)Younearlyfailedtosayasinglewordinhispresence,butactuallyyou____________（本不必要这么紧张）(nervous)24)Noticingthesmileonhisface,Idaresaythathe_____________(肯定通过考试了)(pass)25)I____________(原计划去郊游)，butIwasaskedtohaveanextraclassonSunday.(plan)26)She____________________(正要去喊人来帮忙突然)shespottedherhusbandcomingrunningtowardsher.(point)27)______________________（他刚刚坐下）thebosscamein.(nosooner;seat)28)It______________________(过了九年他们才)gotmarried.(take)29)Weallagreethatheistheonlyperson___________________(该受责备)forthefault.(to)30)Iwonder____________________(为什么这鞋子耐穿).（wear）31)Ifoundtheexperimenthard______________（做）.(carry)32)Idon’tknow___________________(会有什么区别)ifwesetouttomakeastudyplantomorrowratherthanrightnow.(it)33)____________________(很重要)whetherhewillcometoourhelpornot?（matter）34)__________________(我突然想起)hewentwithoutbreakfast.(occur)35)They_____________________(想当然的认为)heiswelloff.(grant)36)I_______________(认为他不会)payavisittoourschoolneatweek.(think)37)________________(你认为什么)mattersmuchinthefaceofsuchadisaster?(think)38)Theyrushedout______________________(他们一听到)thealarm.(minute)39)Anewschoolwillbebuilt________________(农民过去种蔬菜的地方)（where）40)________________(无任我们多么拼命跑)，theycouldn’tescapebeingcaptured.(crazy)41)Iwillgiveagiftto________________(无任谁进来)toseetheexhibits.(come)42)Pleaseputitdown___________________(趁你还没忘记).(forget)43)Iwon’tgototheparty__________________(除非她也被邀请).(invite)44)Idon’tliketoliveintheroom__________________(门需要修).(fix)45)Infrontofthebuildingstoodagreatmanypeople,__________________(大多数人是下岗工人)(most).46)Theregatheredacrowdofpeople,________________（他们的注意力都集中在）thedancingboy.(focus)47)Heistheveryman___________________（我们求助于他）wheneverweareintrouble.(turn)48)Wordcame_______________________(他们成功地又救出一名受灾者).(manage)49)___________________(地上躺着)wasaboywhoseeyeswerewideopen.(lie)50)So____________________(他工作努力)hewillprobablyfinishthetaskintime.（work）51)Undernocircumstances__________________（我能同意）suchaprinciple.(agree)52)Hesuddenlyfoundhimselfstandingatthefootofahill,________________（在山顶上有）atemple.(stand)53).__________________(虽然他被看作是英雄),healwaysthoughthehadjustdonehisduty.(as)54)Canyoutellme__________________(他们到底去哪里了)？（it）55)_______________________（直到他们告诉我此事）Igottoknowwhathadhappentohim.(inform)56)______________________(多么有趣)togoskatinginwinter.(fun)57)Iamafraidtherearen’t________________（足够的票剩下看）thefootballmatch.(leave)58)Thenewcarfactoryislocated______________________（以前曾有个小河的地方）(used)59)WhenIwenttotheclassroom,______________________（碰巧没人）.(happen)60)Theworkis________________________（不和以前一样艰巨）(once)61）ThepopulationofJingzhoucityis____________________(比Chicago多五倍)（than）62)Thenewly-builtfreewayis____________________（是旧的宽度的两倍）.(width)63)Heistaller_______________________（比其他同学）inhisclass.(other)64)_________________________(我们行动越迅速)，themorepeoplecouldbesaved.(action)65)____________________(很有可能)theywillbeattheiropponents.（chance）66)Theywerethrownontothetruck____________________（他们还没来得及弄明白发生了什么）.(realize)67)He_________________（建议我们进行进一步调查）thecase.(suggest)68）Weallknow____________________(需要勇气和毅力)facethesechallenges.(it)69.Thereasonis_________________（他不相信我）(belief)70)Notonly____________________（他们带来了）snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsopreparedatentincase.(bring)71)_________________(所有能做的)hasbeendone.(all)72)Everypossiblemeans__________________(已经被反复试过了)sofar.(try)73)Whenandwherehewillgo__________________(对我们来说关系不大).(matter)74)Iwillneverforgetthedays____________________（我们曾一起生活）inthevillage.（live）75)Doyoustillrememberthedays__________________(我们曾一起度过)inthevillage.(spend)76)I‘veneverbeensopoor___________________（不能）toaffordameal.(as)77）_________________（被发现躺在地上）,themanwasrushedintohospitalwithoutdelay.(find)答案1.Itremainsunknown2.it(tobe)ofbenefitto3.isbelievedtohavebeenappointed(as)4.beingheldinBeijingin20085.hehad(in)applyingtothecompanyforthisjob6.Whatmadeitpossible7.havingkeptyouwaitingforsolong8.(whowas)caughtstealingalady’spurse9.(whoare)oftenseentoplayfootballtogether10.towritealetterwith/withwhichtowritealetter11.soastomakehimselfseen12askedwhetherhecouldgowithoutacigarette/smokingforaweek13.movedbywhathehadsaid/hiswords14.Nothavingadmittedbreakingtheglass15.beingnohotel(s)16.Withsomanypeopledonating17.Haditnotbeenfortherescueteam/Ifithadn’tbeenfortherescueteam/Butfortherescueteam1