定语从句解读课件【知识精讲+拓展提升】高三英语一轮复习

定语从句a

touchingfilmafilmaboutadonkey,twopeopleandthreemealsinfourseasonsThefilmthatIrecommendisReturntoDust一.识别定语从句Thelittleboywho

issingingtherecanrecitequiteanumberofpoems.Doyouknowthemanwhose

nameisMessi?名词_____先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象关系词：连接主从句，也可在从句中充当成分。

分类关系词指代对象在从句中的作用关系代词who人作主语、宾语whom人作宾语、表语whose人或物作定语that人或物作主语、表语、宾语which物作主语、宾语、表语、定语as人或物作主语、宾语、表语关系副词when时间作时间状语where地点作地点状语why原因作原因状语2.定语从句的分类1)限制性定语从句:Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行身体锻炼的人更长寿。(若把从句去掉,句子就失去意义);可省略关系词(that,who,which在从句中充当宾语时可以省略);只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分(先行词通常是名词、代词或词组);翻译成“……的”。2)非限制性定语从句:不可用关系代词that或关系副词why来引导;关系词作宾语时不可省略;可修饰整个主句或主句的一部分;往往不译为“……的”。例句Hisdaughter,whoisinBoston,iscominghere.他女儿在波士顿,就要来这儿了。(若把从句去掉,句子完整)定语从句三步曲：第一找出先行词；第二找出定语从句第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句【考点剖析】考点一：关系代词考向1：关系代词基本用法1.指人时可以用who，也可用that。1）Themanwho/thatlivesnexttousisapoliceman.2）Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisinred?2.指物时可以用which，也可用that。1)Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.2)Whatdoyouthinkofthemoviethat/whichwasshownlastnight?活学活用：把下列句子改写成定语从句P30注意：1）that和who在句中做主语时不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。Ilikemusic(that)Icandanceto.Heistheman(who)Imetyesterday.2）定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致.Iprefermoviesthatarescary.Ilikeasandwichthatisreallydelicious.Ilovesingerswhoarebeautiful.Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.3.Whose可以指人，也可以指物。whose在定语从句中作定语。1）Sheisabeautifulgirlwhosehairisbrown.2）Thereisadeskwhoselegsarebroken.难点：whose:属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。“whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich”。N1+whose+N2=N1,theN2ofwhich

活学活用：P314.关系代词做宾语时可以省略。1)Ilikethebookthat/which/省略

mymotherboughtyesterday.2)Doyouknowthegirlwho/whom/that/省略

wetalkedaboutjustnow?定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.5.先行词是主句内容或物，只能用as的情况。

例1．【单句填空】

用as\that\which填空。9．Itissuchabigstone___as____nobodycanlift.10．Itissuchabigstone___that_____nobodycanliftit.11．___As_____

isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.12．Jimpassedthedrivingtest,____which____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.考向2：关系代词的特殊用法考点1：先行词是人，只能用who,不能用that的情况。1）指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用who.Weshouldhelpanyonewhoisinneed.2）非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用who.I’mLiHua,whoisstudyinginLondonduringthesummervacation.考点2：先行词是物，只能用which，不能用that的情况。1）介词+whichTherearetwochairsintheroom,bothofwhicharebroken.2）非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用whichTheywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.

考点3：先行词是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情况。（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2)Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.3)ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代词时。Theboyhandedeverythingthathehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthe

childrenandbooksthatfilledhisbus.

（4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitwas5yearsago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语考点二：关系副词关系副词有when,where,why三个，在定语从句中一般作状语。2.关系副词的作用二．考点精讲：考向1：关系副词的基本用法when

在定语从句中作时间状语。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.where在定语从句中作地点状语。Thisistheplacewherehewasborn.why在定语从句中作原因状语。Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.注意：关系副词=介词+关系代词1.When=介词+which13．Istillremembertheday__when______Icametotheschoolforthefirsttime.14．Thetime___when____wegettogetherfinallyarrived.2.Why=for+whichThereasonwhy.....isthat....15．Pleasetellmethereason__why____youmissedyourflight.16．Thereason_why_youwerepunishedisunknowntous.3.Where=介词+which选词填空where\which\theone\one17．Isthistheplace__which______youvisited?18．Isthisplace____theone_______youvisited?19．Isthistheplace__where_______youlived?考向2：关系副词的特殊情况A.一些特殊词之后的where大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.

我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.

国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。难点：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。活学活用：P35考向4：关系副词的选择技巧：一断，二找，三放例2．【单句填空】28．Thereason___why_______hediditisnotclear.（用适当的词填空）29．Thereason____that______hegavetotheteacherisunbelievable.（用适当的词填空）30．Iwillneverforgettheday___when______Imethim.(用适当的词填空)31．Iwillneverforgettheday___that_______wespenttogether.（用适当的词填空）考点三：非限制性从句判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。1.Ilostallthemoneyyoulentmeyesterday.2.Ilostallthemoney,withoutwhichIhadtowalkhome.习题：P37IV.介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，可用介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导定语从句35．Doyoulikethebook__onwhich___shespent$10?（用适当的词填空）36．Doyoulikethebook__fromwhich___shelearnedalot?（用适当的词填空）37．Doyoulikethebook_aboutw