阅读理解细节题陷阱破译

正确选项的特点：

1.近义词替换2.简化语言法3.变换语态法4.正话反说（下面哪一个是错误的）标志词汇：Probably,may,might,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessarily,tendto,usually…..★高频动词：

Book=reserve=orderConduct=carryoutPlease=amuse=entertainImprove=promoteGuarantee=ensureDocument=recordPreserve=protectRuin=destroy=damage=violateDeclare=announce=informDivide=separate=partwithcomplete=fulfill=accomplish=achieveDelay=putoff=postponeGive=supply=provide=offerIgnore=turnone’sbacktoOveruse=abuseencourage=motivate=stimulate=spurReject=refuse=turndown=declineReceive=acceptSee=observe=notice=spotSearch=exploreConnect=link=relate=associateExplode=blowoutDiscourage=frustrateAccompany=keepsb.Companyrent=hireProve=turnoutRemove=getridofAdmire=appreciatePossess=ownDecide=determine=resolvetodoGet=obtain=acquire=gain=possess★高频名词：

Data=statisticsNovel=fictionFeature=characteristicsCareer=occupationManners=etiquetteGratitude=appreciationExperiement=trialPersonality=characterStress=pressureOrigin=pioneerCircumstance=environment=atmosphereOpportunity=chanceCreation=innovationComment=remark=review(makeacommenton)Achievement=recognitionOption=choice=selectionMaterial=resourceLuggage=baggage=packageRule=regulation=principleDirection=discipline=guidelineColleague=coworkerEssay=passage=article=textApproach=way=method=means★高频形容词、副词：

Delicious=tastyAttentive=focusedOriginal=initialFinal=eventualObvious=evident=StrikingAccurate=exactOutstanding=brilliant=excellent=fascinating=remarkable=distinctiveAuthentic=true=genuineThrilling=frighteningThrilled=excitedAverage=ordinary=common=universalTime-honored=hasalonghistoryDull=boringDaring=braveExtra=additionalGlad=pleased=delightedTouched=movedBeImportant=significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementaryAccessible=available=athandAppropriate=proper=suitableAppealing=attractiveImmediately=quickly=atonce=intime=hurriedly(hurry)Rarely=hardly=seldomApproximately=about=nearly=almost=practicallyComplex=complicatedSafe=secure★高频短语：

Aheadoftime=inadvance=previousPlacesofinterest=touristattractionResultin=leadto=contributetoBeaccustomedto=beusedtodoingMeet/satisfy/fulfillone’sdemand/requirement/needPrevent...from=keep...from=stop...fromJoinin=takepartin=participatein=beinvolvedin=beengagedinGetreadyfor=bepreparedforFocuson=concentrateonTransformAintoB=TurnAintoBInthelongterm=inthelongrunIn...sense=inaway=tosomedegree=atsomepointHoldonto=insistTakeaction=takemeasures=takestepstoKeepintouchwith=contactInsomerespect=tosomedegree=atsomepointDealwith=copewith=handlewith=addressAtthesametime=meanwhileOnthespot=onthesceneMakeeffortsto=tryto=doall/everythingonecanto..=gooutofone’swaytodoBeproudof=takepridein★高频短语：Asamatteroffact=infact=totellyouthetruthHeadinto=leaveforArriveat=reach=getto=approachInspiteof=despiteFromone’sperspective=fromone’spointofviewTrydoing=attempttoBefilledwith=bechargedwith=befullofPrefertodoAratherthandoBPreferAtoBPreferdoingAtodoingBRuninto=comeacrossTaketheplaceof=replaceComeintoeffect=opractice/useFromtimetotime=onceinawhileBecaughtin=betrappedinConsistof=bemadeupofForamoment=forawhileGoon=continueAcollectionof=aseriesofFigureout=findoutBrightup=lightupRollaround=turnupGive...alecture=deliveraspeechDrawone’sattention=attractone’sattention=raiseone’sawarenessBedesperatefor=desirefor=bethirstyforInfavorof=favorable罪犯三大特征一、文不对题，答非所问。1.文章中正确细节信息2.常识，常理。二、无中生有，主观臆断。千万不要太自恋，不要总是“你觉得”而是作者“让你觉得”。三、偷梁换柱，断章取义。1.扩大缩小范围。（注意含有绝对意义词的选项）2.正误并存，半对半错。（前对后错）3.张冠李戴（看清动作发出者是谁）4.以偏概全，以全概偏。5.未然变已然。（注意动做时态）6.偷换概念。（把原文中关键词或限定词去掉或用其他词替换，使干扰项和原文意思接近，看似正确，实际上大相径庭。）应对法宝一找（关键词：人名，地名专有名词，年代，数字，鲜明的动词，形容词等）二定三对比（题干和选项，选项和选项）三原则一、设题顺序原则二、关键信息定位法三、排除法出题者思路：故意将原文的表程度或范围情感的内容进行混淆，放在干扰选项中。常见出题形式：1.以偏概全，或以全概偏如原文Somestudents,出题时students2.表频率的词混用always,never,sometimes,once，almost,nearly,hardly.3.表情感程度的词anxious/eager,annoy/sorrow,puzzle/wonder.4.only/all/no经常放在干扰项中5.含有最高级的干扰项也要注意FromNovember3to12,thecitywillrestricttheuseofprivatevehiclesbasedoneven-andodd-numberedlicenseplates,reducingtheuseofsuchvehiclesby35percent,themunicipal(市政府的)trafficcommitteesaidonThursday.Allvehiclestransportingconstructionwasteanddangerouschemicalswillbebannedfromthecapital’sroadsduringthisperiod,buttherestrictionwillnotapplytobuses,taxisandothervehiclessuchaspolicecars.……NeighboringauthoritiesinTianjinMunicipality,Hebei,ShanxiandShandongProvinceandtheInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegionwilloperatestrictpollutioncontrolmeasuresoverthe10days.MediareportssaidthatfromNov.7to12,employeedepartments,institutesandsocialorganizationsinBJcanhaveaholidayexceptfordepartmentsdealingwiththeAPECmeetingandcitymanagement.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Carscan’tbeusedinBeijingfromNovember3to12B.NotallthepeopleinBeijingcanhaveaholidayfromNovember7to12.C.Citizenswillchoosebusesastheironlymeansoftransport.D.Alltheneighboringprovinceswilltakethesamemeasures.……Well,Antarcticasoundsliketheholidayofalifetime!It’sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.Justafewscientistsinresearchstationssharetheicylandscapewithpenguinsandotheranimalswhichcancopewiththelowtemperatures.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthat______.A.AntarcticahasbecomethebestplaceforpeopletotravelB.onlyscientistscanbeallowedtogotoAntarcticaC.AntarcticaislessaffectedbyhumanactivitiesD.noanimalscansurviveinAntarcticaexceptpenguinsAsthecourseisanimmersionprogram,studentsareexpectedtospeakEnglishtheentiretimetheyareattheschool.IftheyspeakanylanguageotherthanEnglishattheschool,theymaybeaskedtoleavetheschoolforaday.ThestudentsareexpectedtospeakEnglish______.A.partofthetimewhileattheschoolB.theentiretimetheyareattheschoolC.nomatterwhentheywanttoD.whentheyareinahomestayfamilyPickingauniversityisatenseperiodofaskingyourselfwhichinstitutionismostrelevant.That’swhyuniversityrankingsplaysuchavitalroleinstudentssearchingfortheirnextacademicdirection.Rankingsarealsoaninescapablepartofthereputationandbrandimageofuniversities.“Nouniversitywebsiteiscompletewithouttheclaimtobeinthetop100forsomethingorother,”repeatedtheBBC.Thereasonissimple:rankingshelpthemtoattractstudents,staffandresearchinvestment.Whydouniversitiesconsiderrankingsimportant?A.Rankingsmakethemmoreappealing.B.Rankingsarestudents’onlyreference.C.Rankingscanincreasetheiracademiclevel.D.Rankingshelpthemcompletetheirwebsites.

2、断章取义例——FrommyearliermemoryofMotheritsomehowseemedquitenaturaltothinkofherasdifferent,notofeverydaythingsasFatherwas.Inthosedayshewasayoung-lookingman.Hedidnothesitatetomakefriendswithchildrenassoonastheywereabletotalktohimandlaughathisstories.HowdidFatherimpresstheauthor?A.Helikedwritingstories.B.Helovedmakingfriends.C.Hewasaveryyoungman.D.Hewaspopularwithchildren.相关练习——Maliisnowawar-torncountryandunsafefortouriststovisit,leavinglittleworkfortaxidrivers.WhydotaxidrivershavedifficultyfindingworkinMali?A.Peopledon’tliketakingataxi.B.TouristsvisitingMaliarefew.C.Maliisveryunsafe.D.Publictransportisenough.3、熟词陷阱例一：Itisnotonlypraiseorpunishmentthatdeterminesachild’slevelofconfidence.Therearesomeotherimportantwaysweshapeourkids—particularlybygivinginstructionsandcommandsinanegativeopositivechoiceofwords….Iusingthelatter,youwillbehelpingyourkidstothinkandactpositively,andtofeelcompetentinawiderangeofsituations,because…Positivechoiceofwordshelpskidto_________.A.dothingscarefullyB.builduptheirconfidenceC.improvetheirimaginationDlearnindifferentsituations例二：Intoday’sconsumerworld,we’veneverhadsomuch,yetitseemswe’veneverbeensounsatisified.Thecostofhousinghasbeenrisingfordecades,andthecosttotheplanethasbeenhuge,too.Butthereisawaytoliveasimpler,greener,andmoreaffordablelife:buyaTinyDwellinghome!ItisimpliedinParagraph1that_________.A.richpeopleareveryunsatisfiedB.peooplearedamagingtheenvironmentC.therearemorepoorpeopleinsavingtheplanetD.peoplespendmuchmoneyinsavingtheplanet.例三：TinyDwellingispartofthesmall-livingmovementthatbeganinthelate1990s.Backthen,agrowingnumberofpeoplebegantoliveverysmallhomes.Theywantedtoreducetheirpossessions,livingspace,andenergycosts,soastoleadmoreecologically-friendlylives.Butthesmall-livingmovementreallytookoffaftertheeconomiccrisisof2008,whenmenypeoplerealizedthattheycouldn’taffordtokeeplargehomes.Whatdoweknowaboutthesmall-livingmovement?A.Itaimedtohandletheeconomiccrisis.B.Itwasstartedbypeoplewithouthouses.C.Itwaswellreceivedbyhousedesigners.D.Itdidnotbecomequitepopularuntil2008.相关练习InpartsoftheArctic,entireforestsaremovingnorthward.AcrosstheArctic,temperaturesarerisingfasterthananywhereelseintheworld.Asthathappens,thetreelinethatmarkswhereforestsstopandthetreelesstundra(冻原)hasbeenshiftingnorthward.WhatisthemaincauseofthetreesintheArcticmovingnorthward?A.Theshrinkingofnortherntundra.B.Therisingtemperature.C.Thefierceandcoldwind.D.Theabundantresourcesinthenorth.4、偷换概念：把原文中关键词或限定词去掉或用其他词替换，使干扰项和原文意思接近，看似正确，实际上大相径庭。例——Inthosedayshewasayounglookingman.Hedidnothesitatetomakefriendswithchildrenassoonastheywereabletotalktohimandlaughathisstories.HowdidFatherimpresstheauthor?A.Helikedwritingstories.B.Helovedmakingfriends.C.Hewasaveryyoungman.D.Hewaspopularwithchildren.相关练习——一、Youcanstartteachingyourchildrentoskateassoonastheyhavemasteredwalking.Thisallowsthemtolearnwhentheyaremorelikelytocatchonquicklyandwillnotbeembarrassedbyfalls.Itisnevertoolatetolearntoskate,butthesooneryougetthemoutthebettertheywillgetatskating.…Youdon’twanttoputyourchildrenontheicewhentheyarehungryortiredsobesuretheyareallwellfedanditisnotatimetheyusuallynap.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Children’soverallstateisveryimportantwhiletheyareskating.B.Thesoonerchildrenlearntoskatethebettertheywillbe.C.Toomanyfallswillmakechildrenfeelembarrassed.D.Yourchildrenwillbeleftbehindbythebiggerones.

二、Allentries(参赛作品)mustshowcase(展示)：•Acreative,artisticinterpretationof“TheChallenge”•Aninspirationalmessage,callingonyoungpeopletoengageinservice•Originality•Technicalskill•Postersmustbenolargerthan11’’×17’’.Anyartisticmediummaybeused.EntriesmustbepostmarkedbyFebruary28,2015.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtherequirementforthecontest?A.Postershavetobenolargerthan11’’×17’’.B.Posterscanbemadeinallofartisticmedia.C.Studentsshouldbewillingtoengageinservice.D.Entriesshouldbebothoriginalandinspirational.5、部分正确例——LizzyMorrison,asmall-linvingenthusiast,startedTinyDwellinghomesin2008tomeettheneedsofthesepeople.Sincethen,Lizzyhasbeendesigningandbuildinghomesnonstop,andTinyDwellinghomeshavebecomesopopularthatthousandsofpeoplehaveboughtone.AndLizzyhasn’tonlybeendesigningandbuildinghouses.Shehasalsobeenteachingpeoplehowtobuildthem.Simplybuytheplansandmaterialssothatyoucanbuildyourownhome,andsaveevenmoremoney!BesidesdesigningTinyDwellinghomes,Lizzyalso____.A.urgedpeopletobuythemB.helpedpeopletobuildthemC.taughtpeopletosavemoneyD.offeredcousestotraindesigners相关练习——Youarethecollectorinthegalleryofyourlife.Youcollect.Youmightnotmeantobutyoudo.Oneoutofthreepeoplecollectstangible(有形的)thingssuchascats,photosandnoisytoys.Theseareamongsome40collectionsthatarebeingsho