情态动词用法详解

高三英语总复习语法训练情态动词用法详解情态动词的定义

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。MayIhaveyourname?我能知道你的名字吗？Shallwebeginnow?我们现在就开始吗？Youmustobeytheschoolrules.你必须遵守校规。

情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would).情态动词的位置情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看见你，过来吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。WhatcanIdoforyou?你要什么？Howdareyoutreatuslikethat!你怎么敢那样对待我们!情态动词的特点情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。Hecouldbeheresoon.他很快就来。Wecan'tcarrytheheavybox.我们搬不动那箱子。I'msorryIcan'thelpyou.对不起，我帮不上你。

情态动词的用法1.can(could)表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could为can的过去式。Canyoupassmethebooks?你能给我递一下书吗?Couldyouhelpme,please?请问,你能帮助我吗?Whatcanyoudo?你能干点什么呢?Canyoubesure?你有把握吗?can和could只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态，将来时态用beableto来表示。

Hecouldhelpusatall.他完全可以帮助我们。Withtheteacher’shelp,IshallbeabletospeakEnglishcorrectly.有老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。2.may(might)“可以”，表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。Youmaytakethebookhome.你可以把书带回家去。MayIcomein?我可以进来吗?MayIuseyourdictionary?我可以用你的词典吗?Youmayputonmoreclothes.你可以多穿点衣服。Hesaidhemightlendussomemoney.他说他可以借给我们一些钱。may否定式为maynot。might是may的过去式，有两种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑。

Hetoldmehemightbehereontime.他说他能按时间来。MightIborrowsomemoneynow?我可以借点钱吗?Hemightbealive.他可能还活着。3.must“必须；应该；一定；准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。must用来指一般现在时和一般将来时，过去式可用haveto的过去式代替。

Imustfinishmyworktoday.我今天必须完成我的工作。Youmustn'tworkallthetime.你不能老是工作。MustIreturnthebooktomorrow?我必须明天还书吗?Aftersuchalongwalk,youmustbetired.走了这么长的路,你一定累了。HemustbethemanIamlookingfor.他一定是我要找的人。Hehadtogobecauseofsomebody’scallinghimthatday.那天他要走，因为有人叫他。值得注意的是：（1）must+have+过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。

Hemusthavetoldmyparentsaboutit.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。Hemusthavereceivedmyletternow.他现在一定收到我的信了。It'ssixo'clockalready,wemusthavebeenlateagain.已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。（2）must和haveto的区别:must表示说话人的主观思想,haveto“不得不,必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。

Youmustdoitnow.你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)Ihavetogonow.我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)Youmustbehereontimenexttime.你下次一定要按时来。Ihavetocookformychild.我得给孩子做饭。4.need“需要”，多用在否定式或疑问句中.

NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow?我需要明天参加会议吗?Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek.这一周你不必交论文。need是一个情态动词，他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样，但need还可当作实义动词使用，这时need就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数，后面加带to的动词等特性。

Ineedabiketogotoschool.我上学需要一辆自行车。Doyouneedadictionary?你需要词典吗?Sheneedsanecklace.她需要一条项链。注意：“needn’t+have+过去分词”表示过去做了没必要做的事情。

Youneedn'thavetakenitseriously.这件事情你不必太认真。

5.dare“敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。Thelittlegirldarenotspeakinpublic.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。Dareyoucatchthelittlecat?你敢抓小猫吗?dare除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用，用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。Doyoudaretowalkinthedark?你敢黑夜走路吗？Hedoesn'tdaretotelltheteacherwhathappenedthatday.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。6.ought“应当；应该”，后面跟带有to的动词不定式。Yououghttoreadthesebooksifyouwanttoknowhowtorepairthemotorcar.如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。Yououghttobringthechildhere.你应该把孩子带来。ought+tohavedone

句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.你昨天就应该来。oughtnottohavedone

句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。

Yououghtnottohavetakenthebookoutofthereading-room.你不应该把书带出阅览室。7.will(would)表决心、愿望。would为will的过去式,可用于各人称。I'lldomybesttocatchupwiththem.我要尽全力赶上他们。I'llneverdoitagain,that'sthelasttime.我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。Hesaidhewouldhelpme.他说他会帮助我。will,would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would比will更婉转,客气。

It'shot.Willyouopenthewindows?天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?Willyouhelpmetoworkitout?你能帮我解这道题吗?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee？给你来点咖啡怎样？8.shall,should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议,惊奇。

Youshouldhandintheexercisebook.你应该交作业本儿了。Thisshouldbenoproblem.这应该没问题。Shallwegonow?我们现在可以走了吗?WhyshouldImeethim？为什么我要见他?情态动词专练题1.Putonmoreclothes.You

befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.

A.can

B.could

C.must

D.would2.—MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?—No,________.

A.youshouldn't

B.youmightnotC.youneedn't

D.youmustn't3.You

toattendthemeeting,butyoudidn't.

A.shouldcome

B.wouldhavecome

C.came

D.shouldhavecome4.Wedidn'tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.He

it.

A.mustn'thaveattended

B.cannothaveattended

C.needn'thaveattended

D.wouldhavenotattended5.Tomwentonfoot,buthe

bybus.

A.mightgo

B.maygo

C.couldhavegone

D.oughthavegone6.We

playchessthanbridge.Someofusdon'tknowhowtoplaybridge.

A.hadbetter

B.wouldbetter

C.wouldrather

D.hadrather7.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.

itbeTom?

A.Can

B.Must

C.Should

D.Ought8.Therewasalotoftime.He

.

A.mustn'thavehurried

B.needn'thavehurried

C.couldhavehurried

D.oughttohavehurried9."Wedidn'tstudyChemistrylastnight,butwe

."

A.hadstudied

B.could

C.should

D.couldhave10.Oneought

forwhatonehasn'tdone.

A.nottobepunished

B.tonotbepunished

C.tonotpunished

D.notbepunished11."MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?""

."

A.No,youneedn't

B.Not,please

C.No,youmustn't

D.No,youwon't12."CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?""Yes,you

."

A.will

B.could

C.may

D.might13.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyou

worryaboutparking.

A.mustnot

B.maynot

C.shouldnot

D.don'thaveto14.Ididn'tseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.She

atthemeeting.

A.mustn'thavespoken

B.shouldn'thavespoken

C.needn'thavespoken

D.couldn'thavespoken15.Iwonderhowhe

thattotheteacher.

A.daretosay

B.daresaying

C.notdaresay

D.daredsay16.You

takeyourumbrella.Iamsureitwon'train.

A.shouldn't

B.can't

C.don'thaveto

D.mustn't17.Thedog

hibernateinwinter.

A.don'tneed

B.doesn'tneedto

C.needsnotto

D.needsnot18.Lookwhatyouhavedone.You

havebeencareful.

A.should

B.can

C.must

D.may19.Tomdidnotgotothepartyyesterday,orI

him.

A.wouldsee

B.couldmeet

C.mighthaveseen

D.mightsee20.—Let'sgotothecinema,shallwe?

—

?

A.No,Ican't

B.Yes,Iwill

C.Yes,thankyou

D.No,we'dbetternot21.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,you

havemadesomanymistakes.

A.won't

B.wouldn't

C.maynot

D.mustn't22.WheneverMotherwasnothere,thechildren

makealotofnoise.

A.will

B.would

C.wereto

D.weregoingto23.Whyisitsodark.There

beaheavyraincoming.

A.shall

B.may

C.should

D.will24.Tomislate.What

tohim?

A.shouldhavehappened

B.musthavehappened

C.canhavehappened

D.wouldhavehappened25.Tom,you

playwiththeknife,you

hurtyourself.

A.won't,could

B.mustn't,may

C.shouldn't,must

D.can't,should26.“Canyouimaginehow