高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧

高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧课件第一页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六设问特点：1、从原文中找单词，短语或句子设问。2、所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同，无法望文生义,只有在具体的上下文中才可判断准确。3、所考单词有的是生词，有的是旧词新意。4、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理。5、错误选项或是字面意思，或是故意胡说。。第二页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六猜测词义题目类型1.对考纲外生词的猜测Theunderlinedword"cultivated"(paragraph1)roughlymeans______.

2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Theunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeans4.对句义的猜测WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend3.对代词的猜测

Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto______.

第三页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六词义理解题常见的题型有:1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_____.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“…”means______.第四页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?IgnorethemandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuessthemeaning第五页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六1.Hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandma.2..Unlikehisbrother,Hobartisquite______.Howtoguessthemissingwords?Harveyisathief:hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty.stealUnlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsome

person,Hobartisquite____________.ordinary-lookingplain/homely第六页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Skillsforguessingunknownwords:1.Thelionhasits

“territory”,whichisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（声称）asitsown.“territory”means___________

anarea(thatown)动物地盘2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans____.A.strongB.determinedC.kindD.clever定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释第七页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六技巧归纳1:

Use__________________________利用__________________________definitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义mean,referto,becalled,beknownas,canbedefinedas,inotherwords,thatis,thatistosay,namely，becalled，beidentifiedas，toputitdifferently

括号,引号,破折号，定语从句…..etc.第八页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽）,oryoungleavesoftrees.Theword“pruning”means______A.RegularcuttingoftheplantsB.FrequentwateringC.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain技巧归纳2：Using________________________________根据________________________________commonsenseorexperience普通常识和经验第九页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六技巧归纳3:利用____________________from___________________2.Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.

A少儿期B幼儿期C青春期D成人期同义/同位语similarity/appositive1.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today．“ocelot”means_________________anendangeredwildcat第十页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Thelargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.…Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto____.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers技巧归纳4:利用_____________举例fromexamplesSignalwords：forexample，forinstance，suchas，like，as，etc.第十一页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六技巧归纳5：利用________________From_________________1.Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdrifted(飘）withthewindlikefeathers.2.Unlikeher

gregarioussister,Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends.雪花，雪片爱交际的比较或对比comparisonorcontrastSignalwords:

as,like,thesameas，unlike,but，however,onthecontrary,while,instead…ect.第十二页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六技巧归纳6:利用__________________From__________________________(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager'seyes.dis“不”+satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied“不满意的”。构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Wordformation第十三页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六合成Compounding

转化Conversion派生Derivation构词法Wordformationprefixsuffix第十四页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背pro-,anti-表程度arch-,super-,ultra-,

over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间pre,fore-,post-表方位sub-,inter-,trans-

prefixdecontroltransplantcounterattack解除控制

移植

反击

第十五页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六suffix-able（能…的）-less（无，不）wards（向）-ship（身份；资格；权力；性质）-some（易于…的）hood（状态；性质；时期）-ish（如…的；有点儿…的）-proof(防…的；不能穿透的）-scape（景）-most(最…的）waterproofstreetscapeinnermostspeechless第十六页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Heissaidtobe“undersized’’with“shortlegs’’anda“roundstomach”.（08广东卷）TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.（08广东卷）Theycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模)派生Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的第十七页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,…hisverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where

（06广东卷）合成Compounding

谁都不知是什么地方

第十八页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.（08广东卷）Sherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks．（09广东卷）转化Conversionv.—n.发言，发表意见n.—v.倚靠第十九页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans____.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sickclever技巧归纳7:利用___________________________From__________________________同义词或反义词的关系猜词。SynonymorAntonym.第二十页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六1.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuous

ofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“

”.A．fullofrespect

B．rudeandtooconfident

C．lackinginexperience

D．tooshyandquiet

B技巧归纳8：利用______________________From_______________________原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResultSignalwords:

because,so,sothathence,thereforeAsaresult,assince,for,thus第二十一页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六

Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest技巧归纳9:Use_____________________________利用_____________________________workedasanengineer.contextorrelatedinformation上下文的语境第二十二页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六利用上下文熟词新义生活常识找信息词指代关系第二十三页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?2.Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.imaginespeech第二十四页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六（福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.64.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______. A.cleaningupB.takingin C.wipingoutD.givingout第二十五页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的)mentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_____. A.leavefor B.returnto C.giveup D.relyon第二十六页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六(全国卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,don’tinsisthetellyouwhat’sonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathe’llclamup.

69.Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”inParagraph2probablymean? A.becomeexcited B.showrespect C.refusetotalk D.seekhelp第二十七页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Asawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowI’mafraid.(14广东卷)58.Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto______. A.ataxi B.themoney C.abomb D.publictransportthis,that,it,them,one等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键.第二十八页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六猜词技巧Tipsforguessingthemeaningofwords1.利用定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验3.利用同义/同位语4.利用举例

5.利用比较或对比6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境第二十九页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六1.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydon’tunderstandsomething,theysayso.Theword“audience”intheparagraphmeans____.A.studentsB.peoplewhowatchaplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.peoplewholistentosomething常识teacherstudents第三十页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六﹡﹡

2.Whensomekindofpainkiller(止痛药）wasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective（无效的）.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours_______AttractedthecustomersstronglyHadweakeffectsonthecustomersTrickedthecustomersintoshoppingCausedthecustomerstoloseinterest

D因果关系because第三十一页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六﹡

3.Collinsdecidedthatshemustgo,althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany,forexample,theunbearableheat,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes.“hazard”means___________________A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC举例forexample第三十二页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六﹡﹡﹡

4.

Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.AmongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsocietyTheunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”means______ThosewhotrytheirbesttowinThosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyThosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyThosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccessC上下文语境contextorrelatedinformation第三十三页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六

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5.Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem－aformoffavoritism

willreplaceequality.

Theword“favoritism"isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat________.

A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobs

B.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobs

C.poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavoredinjobmarkets

D.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess

破折号（定义或同位语）第三十四页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六﹡6.Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Thatistosay,ifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.“Objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,anobject______StillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.StillstayssolidD.isbeyondreachA1.定义definitionthatistosay也就是说2.构词法permanent—permanence第三十五页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六﹡﹡7.Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthought

C.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble

D.ademandmadebyguests

比较comparison(instead—相反,反而)第三十六页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六8.WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingled

yarn（纱线），goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”mostprobablymeans

.A．simple

B．mixed

C．sad

D．happyBdefinitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义第三十七页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六﹡9.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexotic

withfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouaretryingtolickmetodeath.”

Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.对比contrastnormal—butunusual第三十八页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六

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10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof（利用）otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat构词法及下文解释opportunityist第三十九页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Practiceinthepassage第四十页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六11.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.Getworse12.Theanimalwiththelongevityisthegiantlandtortoisewhichcanliveseveralhundredsyears.长寿13.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是____________脊椎动物第四十一页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.concentrate/focusherattentionon15.Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall第四十二页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?

co（共同的）educational男女同校教育的17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.

country第四十三页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Ex2:…“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_____.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasshowyD.Davewasshy第四十四页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Ex3:Andifyou'vegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwithordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoyTheunderlinedword"conflict"means_____.dependentlifefiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling第四十五页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans______.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement第四十六页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六PracticeMarkTwainwasnottheauthor’srealname;itwasapseudonym.2.Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.apenname.Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall第四十七页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六Thehousestoodattheendofaquietneatstreet.Thelittledwelling,however,lookedneglectedandcheerless.第四十八页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六福建卷)Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofTheWeatherMakers:HowManIsChangingtheClimateandWhatItMeansforLifeonEarth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting（融化）oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesaid.73.Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyreferto A.freezingpoints B.burningpoints C.meltingpoints D.boilingpointssuchas第四十九页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六(广东卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.Butwhichdotheydevelop?Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____. A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed第五十页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六

(广东卷）EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungestone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile.Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage.Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecauseshe’stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt.Theunderlinedexpression“makeabig“todo”overmeans____. A.showmuchconcernabout B.haveaspecialeffecton C.listjobstobedonefor D.dogoodthingsforbecause第五十一页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六(年四川卷）Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhatyoupackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareinanationalparkwherewildlifeexists.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“packoutwhatyoupackin”probablymean?______ A.keepeverythingoutofcampgrounds B.takeawayeverythingyoubringin C.carryallthenecessaryfood D.lookafteryourpersonalbelongings第五十二页，共五十六页，编辑于2023年，星期六(2009江西卷)Newarchaeologicaldiscov