2023年考研英语（一）真题

2023年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试英语（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,Cor

DontheANSWERSHEET(10points).

CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareasincludingChina,

NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically_1_outsidethewallsofacityorvillageand

wereusuallyfundedbygovernmentsor_2_.

Thisword“Caravanserais"isa_3_ofthePersianword"karvan"，whichmeansagroupof

travellersoracaravan,and“seray”,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.Thetermcaravanwasusedto

_4_groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,_5_

merchants,travellersorpilgrims.

Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemoredeveloped,the

_6_oftheCaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafeplaceforpeopletorestatnight.

TravellersontheSilkRoad_7_possibilityofbeingattackedbythievesorbeing_8_toextreme

weatherconditions.Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced_9_theycouldbe

reachedinaday'straveltime.

Caravanseraisservedasaninformal_10_pointforthevariouspeoplewhotravelledtheSilk

Road._11_,thosestructuresbecameimportantcentersfbrculture_12_andinteraction,with

travelerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,_13_talkingknowledgewiththem,greatly

_14_thedevelopmentofseveralcivilizations.

Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplacefbrcommoditiesand_15_inthetradeof

goodsalongtheSilkRoad._16_,itwasfrequentlythefirststopmerchantslookingtoselltheir

waresand_17_suppliesfbrtheirownjourneys.Itis_18_thataround12000to15000

caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,_19_onlyabout3000areknowntoremaintoday,

manyofwhicharein_20_.

1.[A]displayed[B]occupied[C]located[D]equipped

2.[A]privately[B]regularly[C]respectively[D]permanently

3.[A]definition[B]transition[C]substitution[D]combination

4.[A]classify[B]record[C]describe[D]connect

5.[A]apartfrom[B]insteadof[C]suchas[D]alongwith

6.[A]construction[B]restoration[C]impression[D]evaluation

7.[A]doubted[B]faced[C]accepted[D]reduced

8.[A]assigned[B]subjected[C]accustomed[D]opposed

9.[A]sothat[B]evenif[C]nowthat[D]incase

10.[A]talking[B]starting[C]breaking[D]meeting

11.[A]bytheway[B]onoccasion[C]incomparison[D]asaresult

12.[A]heritage[B]revival[C]exchange[D]status

13.[A]withregardto[B]inspiteof[C]aswellas[D]inlinewith

14.[A]completing[B]influencing[C]resuming[D]pioneering

15.[A]aided[B]invested[C]failed[D]competed

16.[A]Rather[B]Indeed[C]Otherwise[D]However

17.[A]goinfor[B]standardupfor[C]loseinon[D]stockupon

18.[A]believed[B]predicted[C]recalled[D]implied

19.[A]until[B]because[C]unless[D]although

20.[A]ruins[B]debt[C]fashion[D]series

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or

[D].(40points)

Text1

TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,butthetemperaturewillbe

highattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustinthismonthasofficialdebatehowclimate

changeistaughtinTexasschools.

PatHardy,whosympathizeswiththeviewsoftheenergyscetor,isresistingproposedchanges

tosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.Thesewouldemphasizetheprimacyofhumanactivityin

recentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionofmigitationmeasures.

MostscientistsandexpertssharplydisputeHardy'sviews."Theycasuallydismissthecareer

workofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedopinion.^^saysDanQuinn,snior

communicationstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-proftgoupthatmonitorspublic

education."WhatmillionsofTexaskidsleanintheirpublicschoolisdeterminedtoooftenbythe

politicalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship.^^

SuchdebatereflectsfiercediscussionsacrosstheUSandaroundtheworld,asresearchers,

policymakers,teachersandstudentsstepupdemandsforagreaterfocusonteachingaboutthefacts

ofclimatechangeinschools.

AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,anon-profitgroupofscientists

andteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthecountryaddressclimatechangein

scienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformers

weresomeofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)and

hasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooksarewidelysoldelsewhere.

GlennBranch,thecenter9sdeputydirector,cautionsthatsettingstate-levelsciencestandardsis

onlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythatdecentralizesdecisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenifa

stateisconsideredahighperformerinitssciencestandards,"thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught/9

hesays.

Anotherissueisthat,whillclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosomesubjectsandatsomeages

—suchasearthandspacesciencesinhighschools—itisnotaswellrepresentedincurriculafor

youngchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidelytaught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.Itisalso

lessprominentinmanysocialstudiescourses.

Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesandtextbooksreflect

scientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducationalmaterialsthatconveymoreslanted

perspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarian

think-tanksandenergyindustryassociations.

21.Inthefirstparagraph,theweatherinTexasismentionedto.

[A]forecastapolicyshiftinTexasschool

[B]stresstheconsequencesofclimatechange

[C]indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting

[D]drawthepublic'sattentiontoenergyshortages

22.WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?

[A]Sheexaggeratestheexistingpanic.

[B]Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.

[C]Sheshowsnoconcernforpre-teens.

[D]Sheexpressedsei住contradictoryview.

23.Thestudyinparagraph5showsthat.

[A]limatededucationisinsufficientatthestatespublicschools.

[B]policymakershavelittledriveforscienceeducation.

[C]Texasisreluctanttorewriteitssciencetextbook.

[D]environmentalteachinginsomestateslackssupervision.

24.AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUS.

[A]callfbrregularrevision

[B]requireurgentapplication

[C]havelimitedinfluence

[D]catertolocalneeds

25.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsomeschools.

[A]agreetomajorpublicdemands

[B]reflectsteachers9personalbiases

[C]maymisrepresenttheenergysector

[D]canbeswayedbyexternalforces

Text2

CommunitiesthroughoutNewEnglandhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-termrentalssince

siteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Nowwithrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylow

inventory,there'sanincreasedurgencyinsuchregulation,particularlyamongthosewhoworrythat

developerswillcomeinandbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipfbrafortuneontheshort-tennrental

market.

InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1percent,housing

advocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurtherpressureonanalreadystrainedmarket.

TheStateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthatwould'vemadeitillegalfortownstocreate

legislationrestrictingshort-termrentals

“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalusing,“saidNickTaylor,executivedirectorof

theWorkforceHousingCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.Withoutenoughaffordablehousingin

southerNewHampshiretowns,"employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,and

workersarehavingahardtimefindingaplacetolive,"Taylorsaid.

However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfbrtourists,pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOofa

localassociationofrealter."Alotofworkersareservicingthetouristindustry,andthetourism

industryisservedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm,^^Castlesaid,“andsoit'sacyclicale他ct."

Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKeenHorn,anexperton

affordablehousingpolicy,"Ithinkindividualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagood

thing.Ifit'stheirvacationhomeanyway,andit'sjustempty,whycan'tyoumakemoneyoffit?”

Homsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocreatelarge-scaleshort-termrental

facilities-defactohotels-tobypasstaxesandregulations?!thinkthequestionis,shouldn'ta

developerwho'sreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedandtaxedand

regulatedlikeahotel?^^Homsaid.

Attheendof2018,governorCharlieBakerofMassachusettssignedabilltoreininthose

potentialinvestor-buyers.Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestatemandatesthey

carryinsurance,andopensthepotentialfbrlocaltaxesontopofanewstatelevy.Bostontookthings

evenfurther,requiringrenterstoregisterwiththecity'sInspectionalServicesDepartment.

Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitstrugglingcitiesandtowns,but“ifwe

wanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore.”

26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?

[A]Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.

[B]Itscommunitiesareinneedoffunding.

[C]Itsrentalvacancyrateisgoingupslowly.

[D]Itshomepricesareunderstrictcontrol.

27.ThebillmentionedinParagraph2wasintendedto

[A]curbshort-termrentalspeculation.

[B]ensurethesupplyofcheaphousing.

[C]punishillegaldealingsinhousing.

[D]allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.

28.ComparedwithCastle,Taylorismorelikelytosupport

[A]furtherinvestmentinlocaltourism.

[B]anincreaseinaffordablehousing.

[C]strictmanagementofrealestateagents.

[D]afavorablepolicyfbrshort-termworkers.

29.WhatdoesHornemphasizeinParagraph5?

[A]Theurgencytoupgradeshort-termrentalfacilities.

[B]Theefficientoperationofthelocalhousingmarket.

[C]Thenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.

[D]Theproperproceduresforrentingoutsparehouses.

30.Hornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsis

[A]aniiTationaldecision.

[B]anunnecessarymeasure.

[C]anunfeasibleproposal.

[D]aninadequatesolution.

Text3

Ifyou'reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstones,thebiggestbookretailerintheUK,in

searchoftheDuchessofSussex'snewchildren'sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobepreparedto

huntaroundabit.ThesamemaybetrueofThePresident'sDaughter,thenewthrillerbyBillClinton

andJamesPatterson.BothofthesebooksarepublishednextweekbyPenguinRandomHouse(PRH),

acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offwithWaterstones.

Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPRHconfirmedthatithadintroducedacreditlimitwith

Waterstones“ataverysignificantlevel”.ThetrademagazineTheBooksellerreportedthat

WaterstonesbranchmanagerswerebeingtoldtoremovePRHbooksfromprominentareassuchas

tables,displayspacesandwindows,andwere“quietlyretiringthemtotheirrelevantsections.^^

PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonfbrWaterstosestoldme:

"WaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredittermsfromPRH,theonlypublisherinthe

UKtoplaceanylimitationsonourabilitytotrade.WearenotboycottingPRHtitlesbutweare

doingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityfbrcustomersremainsgooddespitetheloweroverall

levelsofstock.Wearehopefulwithourshopsnowopenagainthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwe

willbeallowedtobuyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusy.Thesalesfbrour

MayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince2018.”

Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers.Big-namePRHauthorsmaysufferabit,but

it'sthosemid-listauthors,whonormallyrelyonWaterstonesstafFspassionfbrpromotingbooksby

lesser-knownwriters,whowillbeprayingfbranendtothedispute.

Itcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedabouttheconsequencesoftheproposed

mergerbetweenPRHandanotherbigpublisher,Simon&Schuster—thereductioninthenumberof

unalignedUKpublishersislikelytoleadtofewerbiddingwars,loweradvances,andmore

confbnnityintermsofwhatispublished.

“Thisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofpower/9saysliteraryagentAndrew

Townie."Thepublishingindustrytalksaboutdiversityintermsofauthorsandstaffbutitalsoneeds

apluralityofwaysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,choiceanddifferentvoices.Afterall,manyof

themostinterestingbooksinrecentyearshavecomefromsmallpublishers.^^

Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneedamongpublisherstobebig

enoughtotakeonall-comers.

31.Theauthormentionstwobooksinparagraph1topresent.

[A]anongoingconflict

[B]anintellectualconcept

[C]aprevailingsentiment

[D]aliteraryphenomenon

32.WhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsections?

[A]Tomakethemeasilynoticeable.

[B]TocomplywithPRH'srequirement.

[C]TorespondtoPRH'sbusinessmove.

[D]Toarrangetheminsystematicway.

33.WhatmessagedoesthespokespersonforWaterstonesseemtoconvey?

[A]Theircustomersremainloyal.

[B]Thecreditlimitwillberemoved.

[C]Theirstockisunderestimated.

[D]Thebookmarketisratherslack.

34.Whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?

[A]Salesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably.

[B]Lesser-knownPRHwritersbecomethetargetofcriticism.

[C]Waterstonesstaffhesitatetopromotebig-nameauthor'sbooks.

[D]Waterstonesbranchessufferaseverereductioninrevenue.

35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie'sview?

[A]Smallpublishersoughttosticktogether.

[B]Bigpublisherswilllosetheirdominance.

[C]Thepublishingindustryishavingahardtime.

[D]Themergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend.

Text4

Scientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Eachyearresearcherspublish

millionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.Thescientificcommunitymeasuresthequalityof

thosepapersinanumberofways,includingtheperceivedqualityofthejournal(asreflectedbythe

title'simpactfactor)andthenumberofcitationsaspecificpaperaccumulates.Thecareersof

scientistsandthereputationoftheirinstitutionsdependonthenumberandprestigeofthepapers

theyproduce,butevenmoresoonthecitationsattractedbythesepapers.

Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstitutionsconspiretoinflatecitationnumbers,

haveexistedfbralongtime.In2016,researchersdevelopedanalgorithmtorecognizesuspicious

citationpatterns,includinggroupsofauthorsthatdisproportionatelyciteoneanotherandgroupsof

journalsthatciteeachotherfrequentlytoincreasetheimpactfactorsoftheirpublications.Recently,

anotherexpressionofthispredatorybehaviorhasemerged:so-calledsupportserviceconsultancies

thatprovidelanguageandothereditorialsupporttoindividualauthorsandtojournalssometimes

advisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheirarticles.

Theadventofelectronicpublishingandauthors1needtofindoutletsfortheirpapersresultedin

thousandsofnewjournals.Thebirthofpredatoryjournalswasn'tfarbehind.Thesejournalscanact

asmilkcowswhereeverysinglearticleinanissuemayciteaspecificpaperoraseriesofpapers.In

someinstances,thereisabsolutelynorelationshipbetweenthecontentofthearticleandthecitations.

Thepeculiarpartisthatthejournalthattheeditorissupposedlyworkingforisnotprofitingatall——it

isjustprovidingcitationstootherjournals.Suchpracticescanleadanarticletoaccruemorethan

150citationsinthesameyearthatitwaspublished.

Howinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulation?Inoneexample,anindividual—actingas

author,editor,andconsultant——wasabletouseatleast15journalsascitationproviderstoarticles

publishedbyfivescientistsatthreeuniversities.TheproblemisrampantinScopus,acitation

database,whichincludesahighnumberofthenew"international"journals.Infact,alistingin

Scopusseemstobeacriteriontobetargetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.

Scopusitselfasallthedatanecessarytodetectthismalpractice.Redflagsincludealarge

numberofcitationstoanarticlewithinthefirstyear.Andforauthorswhowishtosteerclearof

citationcartelactivities:whenaneditor,areviewer,orasportserviceasksyoutoaddinappropriate

references,donotobligeanddoreporttherequesttothejournal.

36.AccordingParagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbedeterminedby.

[A]howmanycitationstheirworkscontain

[B]howmanytimestheirpapersarecited

[C]theprestigeofthepeopletheyworkwith

[D]thestatustheyhaveinscientificcircles

37.Thesupportserviceconsultanciestendto.

[A]recommendjournalstotheirclients

[B]listcitationpatternsfbrtheirclients

[C]askauthorstoincludeextracitations

[D]advisecontributorstociteeachother

38.Thefunctionofthe“milkcow“journalsisto.

[A]boostcitationcountsforcertainauthors

[B]helpscholarspublisharticlesatlowcost

[C]instructfirst-timecontributorsincitation

[D]increasethereadershipofnewjournals

39.WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

[A]Itfosterscompetitionamongcitationproviders.

[B]Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitations.

[C]Ithindersthegrowthof"international”journals.

[D]Itisestablishedtopreventcitationmanipulation.

40.Whatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulators?

[A]Takelegalaction.

[B]Demandanapology.

[C]Seekprofessionaladvice.

[D]Revealtheirmisconduct.

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredto

reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Handfillingthem

intothenumberedboxes.ParagraphA,EandHhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswerson

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Thisyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstonephotographsbytherenowned

landscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.Hecapturedthefirst-evershotsoficonic

landmarkssuchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandtheColoradoRockies.Jacksonsnappedthemon

alate19th-centuryexpeditionthroughtheYellowstoneBasinthatwasconductedbytheheadof

theU.S.GeologicalandGeographicalSurveyoftheTerritories,FerdinandV.Hayden.The

teamincludedameteorologist,azoologist,amineralogist,andanagriculturalstatistician.

[B]Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanoveloneto

manyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationefforts一

andrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular一cameintheform

ofvividphotographs.

[C]AsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecouldcapitalizeontheexpedition's

stunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwith

reproductionsofMoran'spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress."Thevisualization,

particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,

saysMurphy.

[D]Throughoutthetrip,Jacksonjuggledmultiplecamerasandplatesizesusingthecollisionprocess

thatinvolvedcoatingtheplateswithachemicalmixture,exposingthemanddevelopingthe

resultingimageswithaportabledarkrooms.Thecrudetechniquerequirededucatedguesseson

exposurestimes,andinvolvedheavy,awkwardequipment-severalmenhadtoassistinits

transportation.Despitethesechallenges,Jacksoncaptureddozensofstrikingphotos,ranging

frommajesticimageslikehisnow-famoussnapshotofoldfaithful,tocasualportraitsof

expeditionmembersthatthecamp.Whileveteransofpreviousexpeditionshadwrittenatlength

aboutstunningsights,thesevividphotographswereanotherthingentirely.

[E]Thewell-documentedYellowstonejourneyofficiallybeganinOgden,UtahonJune8,1871.

Overnearlyfourmonths,dozensofmenmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontanaand

traversedalongtheYellowstoneRiverandaroundYellowstoneLake.Thatfall,theyconcluded

thesurveyinFortBridger,Wyoming.

[F]ThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognizedthearea's

riches,mostAmericansdidnot.That'swhyHayden'sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafuller

understandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvariety

offloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:

PainterThomasMoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturing

thisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.

[G]ThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlargemajoritiesinfavor.In

quicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassedlegislationprotectingYellowstoneinearly1872.

[H]Perhapsmostimportantly,theseimagesprovideddocumentaryevidenceofthepark'ssightsthat

latermadeitswaytogovernmentofficials.Weeksaftercompletingtheexpedition,Hayden

collectedhisteam'sobservationsintoanextensivereportaimedatconvincingsenatorsand

representatives,alongwithcolleaguesatgovernmentagenciesliketheDepartmentofthe

Interior,thatYellowstoneoughttobepreserved(andthathisdepartmentdeservedadditional

funds).

41.—A—42.—E43.—H一44.—45.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your

translationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

TherehasbeensomeexplorationaroundtheuseofAIindigitalmarketing.Forexample,AIcan

beusedtoanalysewhattypeofadvertisingcontentorcopywouldbeappropriateto'speak'toa

specifictargetcustomergroupbyrevealinginformationabouttrendsandpreferencesthroughthe

analysisofbigdata.(46)AIcanalsobeusedtoidentifythelifestylechoicesofcustomersregarding

theirhobbes、favouritecelebrities,musicchoices，andfashionstoprovideuniquecontentin

marketingmessagesputoutthroughsocialmedia.AtthesametimeAIcanalsobeusedtogenerate

contentforsocialmediapostsandchatsites.AIcanalsoprovideabridgebetweentheneedofthe

brandtocommunicateemotionallywiththecustomerandidentifyingtheirrapidlychangingneeds.

WhileworikingarPwC,NorbertWirthwroteanarticleonAIwhereheidentifiedthatmarketers

areequallyeagerandhesitantinadoptingALbecausesynthesizingallthesedifferentfunctions

presentsthemwithnewchallenges.AIcanhelpmarketerstocreateclearmarketingmessagesand

choOsethemostattractivemarketingmixforeachtargetsegment.Aspecificexamplewouldbethe

useofAIindevelopingthecustomerjourneybyautomatingallthedifferenttouchpoints(whenthe

or