1汉英词汇比较与翻译

第一讲汉英词汇比较与翻译1SchedulefortheSemesterSemantictranslation(7Chapters)Syntactictranslation(4Chapters)Textualtranslation(3Chapters)PlusReviewandPracticeFinalScore=practice20%+midterm20%+finalterm60%2选择词义根据：词典；语境；搭配；逻辑3语境manandwife;officersandmenhismanFridayman-of-warBeaman!4例1“好”的译法好的开始是成功的一半。Wellbegun,halfdone.邻居对她都很好。Herneighborsareallverykindtoher.这我们好解决。Theproblemcanbeeasilysolved.今天下午好几个人找你。Quiteafewpeoplecameinlookingforyouthisafternoon.5你留个电话，有事好跟你商量。GivemeyourtelephonenumbersothatIcancontactyouwhennecessary.6例2：“轻巧”的译法这摩托车很轻巧。Themotorcycleislightandhandy.她动作很轻巧。Sheisnimbleinmovement.你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。Youtalkasifitwerejustawalkover.Whynottryyourselfandseeifyoucanbringbackatrophy,too?7例3：“考察”的译法中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。Inhislifetime,XuXiake,agreattravelerinChina’sMingDynasty,toured16provinces,leavinghisfootmarksinnearlyeverycornerofthecountry.8为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、坐车。Inordertogetadetailedandtruthfulpictureoftheplaceshevisited,heusuallytravelledonfootevenwhencarriagesandboatswereavailable.他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行考察。Healwayspreferredtoventureintomountainousareaswithroughtracks,andintoforestsseldomvisitedbyhumanbeings.9例4：“意思”甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？甲：唉，只是意思意思。乙：啊，真是不好意思。A:Thisisalittlegiftasatokenofmyappreciation.Pleasedotakeit.B:Oh,aren’tyouabittoopolite?Youshouldnotdothat.A:Well,itjustconveysmygratitude.B:Ah,thankyouthen,thoughIreallydonotdeserveit.10搭配Youshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.ByFirth.正式会议formalmeeting正式声明officialstatement正式成员thefullmemberofthedelegation11化经济法制化:manageeconomicaffairswithinaframework经济全球化:economicglobalization社会知识化:buildaknowledge-drivensociety国际关系民主化:thepracticeofdemocracyininternationalrelations国民经济信息化:buildaninformation-basednationaleconomy科研成果产业化:applyscientificresearchresultstoindustrialproduction12逻辑：约定俗成胆小如鼠:astimidasarat/rabbit落汤鸡:adrownedrat/chicken养虎为患:tocherishasnake/tigerinone’sbosom瓮中捉鳖:likearatinthehole如鱼得水:likeaduck/fishtowater愚蠢如猪:asstupidasagoose/pig犟得像头牛:asstubbornasadonkey/ox13练习agoodChristianagoodparentagoodchildagoodwifeagoodtoothagoodreasonagoodincomeagoodtableagoodpersonagoodheartgoodmanners14选择练习1他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。Hehadascratchyesterdayandnowhasgonetochangemedicineinthehospital.Hehadascratchyesterdayandnowhasgonetochangedressinginthehospital.152佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲聪明能干，却也舒服。Thelifeofatenantfarmer’sfamilywasofcoursehard,butwesomehowmanagedtoscrapealongbecausemotherwasacleverandablewoman.Thelifeofatenantfarmer’sfamilywasofcoursehard,butitwassomehowcomfortablebecausemotherwasacleverandablewoman.163富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。YouwillbeenchantedbytheuniqueEuropeanamorousfeelingsofFuhuafurniture.YouwillbeenchantedbytheuniqueEuropeanstyleofFuhuafurniture.174我那新郎官啊！那个死东西！他就是死也不肯进洞房。Mybetrothed!Damnhim,hesimplyrefusedtocomeintothebridalchamber!Mybetrothed!Damnhim,hesimplyrefusedtocomeintotheroom!18翻译下列词语一窝蜜蜂一窝小鸡一窝幼犬一群美女一群猎狗一群羚羊一群鸭19AswarmofbeesAbroodofchickensAlitterofpupsAbevyofbeautifulladiesApackofhoundsAherdofantelopesAteamofducks20积极支持:unfailingsupport积极的财政政策:proactivefiscalpolicy积极利用国外资源:makeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources21基本工资:basicwage基本建设:capitalconstruction基本物质:essentialcommodity基本工业:primaryindustry基本利益:fundamentalinterest22翻译下列句子两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。Thetwoleadersexchangedviewsonbilateralrelationsandissuesofcommonconcern.党员应该虚心倾听群众意见。Partymembersshouldlistencarefullytotheopinionsofthegeneralpublic.他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。Theyofferedsomesuggestionsfortherevisionoftheplan.23大家对这一做法很有意见。Everyonecomplainedagainstsuchapractice.他们在会上闹起了意见。Theyhadadisputeatthemeeting.你应该听从医生的意见。Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadvice.他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。Theyreachedaconsensusonthisissue.24还有些未完成的事要处理。Thereisstillsomeunfinishedbusinesstosettle.我们就这件事请教过他。Wehaveconsultedhimaboutthematter.请回去吧，这里没你的事了。Pleasegoback.Thereisnothingofyourconcernnow.25翻译中的选词Thelargestquantityoftranslationinatextisdoneattheleveloftheword.ByPeterNewmark.1.根据语义范围选词2.从近义词中选词3.根据搭配选词4.根据褒贬选词26总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对了。Ofcourse,ourachievementsinthelastfewyearshaveprovedthecorrectnessofourpoliciesofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld.中国应该用时间向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。Chinashouldshowtheworldthroughitsactionsthatsheisopposedtohegemonismandpowerpoliticsandwillneverseekhegemony.这是中国从几十年建设中得出的经验。Thatiswhatwehavelearntfromdecadesofdevelopment.27Wordsareseldomexactlysynonymous.BySamuelJohnson生气发怒:angry,irate,indignant,wrathful,enraged,infuriated,incensed打破：break,crack,crush,demolish,destroy,shatter,smashEmpty:house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words,Vacant:position,room,house,seatHollow:tree,voice,sound,cheeksBlank:look,mind,page,check28汉译英时，要注意动词和宾语的搭配进行社会主义革命：tocarryoutsocialistrevolution进行一场激烈的争论:tocarryonaspiriteddebate进行实地调查:tomakeanon-the-spotinvestigation进行亲切的谈话:tohaveacordialconversation进行侵略:tocommitaggression进行协商:toholdconsultationwith进行核试验:toconductanucleartest29褒贬著名的famous,notorious政治家statesman,politician宣传publicity,propaganda30Toexpire逝世Topassaway与世长辞Toclose/endone’sday寿终Tobreatheone’slast断气Togowest归西天Topaythedebtofnature了结尘缘Todeparttotheworldofshadows命归黄泉Togiveuptheghost见阎王Tokickthebucket翘辫子Tokickupone’sheels蹬腿31他们讲索取，我们讲奉献Theypreachtakingfromothers,whereasweadvocategivingtoothers.她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵Whatsheseeksistruth,andwhathehankersafterisnothingbuthighpositionandgreatwealth.32在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。Duringtheentireprocessofreformandopening,wemustpersistentlyopposecorruption.其实中年人是人生盛华的开始，不应贪婪，不应享受。Inactualfact,middleagerepresentstheprimeofone’slife,allowingnoindolence,noself-indulgence.33practice那要看情况如何。这种情况必须改变。他们的情况怎么样？他把全部的书籍都献给了图书馆。教师应当献身于教育事业。严格训练，严格要求。34Thatdependsuponcircumstances.Thisstateofaffairsmustbechanged.Howdomattersstandwiththem?Hepresentsallhisbookstothelibrary.Ateachershoulddevotehimselftothecauseofeducation.Goinforrigoroustrainingandsetstrictdemand.35成语翻译的多样性安居乐业是老百姓的共同愿望。Itisthecommondesireofthepeopletoliveinpeaceandcontentment.希望我全体人民，一律安居乐业，切勿轻信谣言，自相惊扰。Itishopedthatthepeoplethroughoutthecountrywillliveandworkinpeaceandwillnotgivecredencetorumorsorraisefalsealarm.36德才兼备HavebothpracticalefficiencyandmoralexcellenceHavebothintellectandcharacterTobothwell-trainedtodothingsandwelldisposedtodogoodBebothgiftedandrighteous-minded