汇总版综合写作第一重点

家和理查德的敌人tudors有关，朵朵想理查德之类不能判断是谁的，也不能断定和2tusksofnarwhals(NarwhalsNarwhile)functions(独角鲸头上独角的Piercethroughthickicesheettobreathe的，因为独角鲸待的地方在冰层下面不好呼吸，还说有eyewitnesssee曾经有独角鲸冰层。malenarwhalsCompetefor此角与鲸的神经系统相连，可以起到—个sensor的作用，感知oceanpropertiestemperatureetc),importantinnarwhalsBendmanydirections，所以说独角根本就穿itshead放在一个icesheethavealreadybeguntobreak的地方。会发现，其实独角録在gentlyrubeachother，这是它们的一种交流方式她说Femalenarwhalsdon'thavetusks，那如果这玩意在narwhalsurvival里真的很importantlivelongerthanThetopicisaboutthefunctionalityofNarwhal'stusks;Narwhalsakindofwhaleinocean;however,sinbothreadingandlisteningcontentaredifferentforthefunctionoftheFirstofall,thelecturerindicatesthatthetuskcannotbetobreakicesheetsintheoceanbecausethetusksarebendableandnothardenoughtopiercethroughthethickice.Eventhoughsomepeoplewitnessedtheice-breakingphenomenonNarwhalsdidasthereadingexins;itistruepartlybecausetheicesheethavealreadybrokeintosmalleronesorthinnerones,whichmakesitmucheasiertobreak.Secondly,thereadinginsiststhatthetuskisasweaponsformaleNarwhalstocompeteforterritoryforsuperiormatingopportunities.Likewisethisstandpointisrefutedbythespeakerwhotusksthatobservationfromadistancemakespeopleconfusedaboutwhattheyactuallywereng.Theywerecommunicating,notfightingeachother.MaleNarwhalsrubtogetherasawayofLastly,ifthetusk,possessedmostlybymale,isreallyessentialinthesurvivalgameforsuchcreatureintheocean,thelifespanofmaleshouldbelongerthanthatofthefemalethatrarelyhavetusks.HoweverthefactinthatfemaleNarwhalshavelongerlifespanthanmaleNarwhals.ThereadingsaystuskscanbeusedtosensethechangesoftheirlivingenvironmentandarevitaltoalltheNarwhals.Sothisdoesnotmakesense.Asabovementioned,thereadingandthelisteningcontentsareopposing.1solarenergy没有othersources带来的pollutant,比如没有fossilfuel的pollutantnuclearenergyradioactive反驳：使用solarenergy需要大量佔地，比如NY如果要用能，那麽得佔用它25%的土地面积来建thousandsofpanels，而在土地越来越珍贵的今天，大量佔用土地也是一种environmentalproblem阅读2solarenergyisalwaysavailableandplentiful。能不像其他能源需要beminedwithgreateffort,而且可以store起来等没阳光的日子用!反驳：储藏能的电池是METAL做的，那些metal也需要beminedwitheffort，太阳能的使用也会被effectedbynatureresources3Solarenergyremotelocationsmountainsandshipssolarenergyisacomplextechnology.CITY里，solarenergy的设备坏了，修起来还方便；如果在边远地方，那就要花很长时间来修，也很。所以边远地区还是用gasoline好，easytomaintainthehohokam人类的原因hohokamtree是狠多动物依赖生存的，所以森林里面的物种，而这些动物呢又是人依赖生存的meat，于是人类没东西吃；受到外来者（navajogroups）所以，有找到fence可以证明。thehohokam有休耕的概念，加上雨水冲刷，所以土地应该可以在几年后变得肥沃；再说在那以前1000年他们一直用得好好的，咋就一下没了？ThereadingproposesthreeexnationsastowhytheHohokanculturedisappearedsuddenlyinthe15thcentury,whiletheprofessorrefutestheseexnations.Firstofall,thereadingarguesthatthelocalirrigationsystemistobeblamed.ThewaterthatHohokanpeopleusedtoirrigatetheircropscontainedalotofalkaline,whichwouldformsaltdeposit,makingthesoilinfertileandunfittogrowfood.However,theprofessorsaysthattheHohokanpeoplewereabletomanagethesaltdepositbecausetheywouldletthefieldrestforafewgrowingseasonsafterntingcropsforoneseason.Whenthefieldswereresting,thefallingrainwouldwashthesaltaway.Second,thereadingarguesthatthelocalpeoplehadcutdowntoomanytrees,whichwasthenaturalhabitatandfoodsourcesofmanybirdsandanimals.Withthesebirdsandanimalsgone,thelocalpeoplehadnofoodsources.Theprofessorrefutesthispointbysayingthatthemesquitetreecouldgrowandreproduceveryquickly.Itisimpossibleforthemtocutdownallthetreesforthemtoberecedbynewgrowth.Thirdly,thereadingsaysthatbasedonthehilltopfortification,theHohokanpeoplemayhavegoneintowithinvadingnewcomers.TheprofessorcastsdoubtonthispointbysayingthattheveryexistenceofhilltopfortificationindicatesthatHohokanpeoplearefullypreparedforinvasions.What’smore,iftherewereindeedoccupation,therewouldhavebeenevidencesuchasremainsofweapons,burntdwellings,buttheyarenotfoundwhereHohokanpeopleoncelived. Reading里說Biopolymer的袋子比一般的塑料袋好,不產生，廉价、环保、容易保存食物；Lecture里說不廉价，不环保，因为这种東西用农作物制成，所以费钱，而且農durable,容易 Thetopicdebatedisaboutwhetherornotsettingupahydroelectric-powerntaroundTheGreatLakesisasoundsuggestionforpeoplelivingaroundtomakebetteruseofwaterresource;thespeakerandtheauthorholdadifferentonit.Thefirstreasonfromthewritingisregardingbuildingupahydroelectric-powerntintheGreatLakeswillincreasetheemploymentratesincethisisabigconstructionandmachinetooperate.However,fromthelistening,thespeakerthinksthatforthent‘sinvestors,theyallwanttheirmoneyrecoveredsoon,sotheywillnothiremanypeoplespendingtoomuchmoneyonlaborcost.Inaddition,foraswiftwayofgettingtheirmoneyback,sotheelectricitypricewillbehigh.Secondly,fromthespeaker,thefreshwaterisidealforbuildingupthehydroelectric-powerntforsurebecausefreshwaterisnotashighlycorrosiveasthesaltywater.Nevertheless,freshwatergetsfrozeneasily;inthelakearea,thewinterissevereandlong,sothecostwillnotbebroughtdownasthereadingsays.Additionally,intheperiodofwintertimeinFiveLakes,itislongsothecostofpowergenerationcouldbeincreasedaswellduetotheshortworkingperiod.However,fromthespeaker,newtechnologyisgreat,yetitdoesnotguaranteeafullstopofoilleakage.Inaddition,iftheoilleakagedoeshappen,theinfluencewillbewayserious.Thus,itisindeednotasagaciousideatoestablishahydroelectric-powerntneartheGreatLakes.Onceithappens,theleakagewilldisperseveryrapidlyandcauseveryseriouspollutiontothewatersandtheimportanthabitatforanimal,ntsandfish.Fortheabovereasonsindetails,thereadingandthelisteningcontentaboutthisissuearecontradictory.Lastbutnotleast,fromthereading,wearenowabletousethelatesttechnologytopreventoilleakageofhydroelectric-powernt,whichisadeadlyproblem.8第一个阅读认為有外敌；说不可能有那麼largescale有另外俩Civilization他们都有办法供给他们自己的食物所以H不会有这麼大的然后教师说，同时期的埃及同样也受climatechange影响，但没事!!第三个阅读是说有传染病蔓延通过水传染的；裡的女人说H的人都是很好的工程师他们在设计的是时候肯定会注意一个叫C的问题不会导致疾病大规模第三个理由我怎麼听到他们的水利工程系统很棒，所以在处理drinkingwater时会很，ThereadingpassageputsforwardthreehypothesestoexinthedeclineoftheHarappancivilization.However,thelecturerchallengesthesehypothesesandusesevidencetoprovethatallofthemarebasedonflawedspeculations.ThefirsthypothesisisthatthedeclineofHarappancivilizationwascausedbyinvasionfromanomadictribe.However,thelecturearguesthattheHarappanculturecoveredahugeexpanseofterritory,soevenifthenomadpeopleinvadedHarappanland,suchinvasionwasconfinedtoasmallnumberofHarappancitiesonly,soit’sunlikelytohaveledtothetotaldestructionoftheHarappanculture.ThesecondhypothesisisthatclimatechangehadledtothecollapseofHarappanagriculture.Withnofoodavailable,theHarappanpeoplehadtoabandontheirhome.Reasonableasitmaysound,thereareflawsinthisargumenttoo,because,asthelectureindicates,theEgyptiancivilization,acontemporaryoftheHarappancivilization,wasabletomakeadjustmenttoitsagricultureandmanagedtocopedwiththesameunhospitableclimatechanges.ThereisnoreasonwhytheHarappanpeoplecouldnothavealsoadaptedsuccessfullytoclimatechange.Thethirdhypothesisputstheblameonwatercontamination,ingthatawater-bornediseasehaddtheHarappanpeopletomigratetootherlocations,leadingtothedeclineoftheentirecivilization.Thistheoryisnotvalidaccordingtothelecture.TheprofessorexinsthatHarappanpeoplewereexcellentengineerswhohadcreatedadvancedcsystemsthatshouldbecapableofpreventingthetransmissionofdiseasethroughwater.9讨论牙医用来repair牙齿的一种物质：mercury。阅读说应该被第一影响健康。裡面有种物质吸收后会影响centralnervesystem带来一系列病。Fromthereadingmaterial,ithaslistedthreereasonsnottouseamalgamasmaterialtodentures.However,theprofessorinthelectureputsforwarddifferentevidencetoargueagainstthevalidityofthosereasons.Tobeginwith,althoughitiswidelyknownthatamalgamistoxicduetotracesofmercury,yetthetyweapplyinmoldingadentureisnotsomuchastocausedetrimentaleffectonhumanbeings,butonlyasmallnumberofpatientsallergictomercurywhichisveryrare.However,thereadingsaystheingredientsamalgamfillingsusedhurtshumanbeingsinnervesrelatedfunction.Secondly,amalgamdidcontaminateenvironment.However,inthelightofthemandatoryadaptationofseparationtechnology,thisdefecthasbeenthuseliminated.Alltheamalgamwillbefilteredoutthroughthisprocess,regulatingclinicalorlaboratorytestsdemanding95-99%separatingefficiency.Withsuchtechnologyandlawenment,therewillbenoenvironmentconcernsoversuchmaterialissue,whichiscontrarytothereadingthatindicatesitisharmfultoourenvironmentandthewildlifeasawhole.Finally,amalgamfillingsarestillconsideredthebestmaterialfordentalfillings.Allthepossiblesubstitutesforamalgamareeithernotefficientorcostly.Itisthusnotpracticalatalltoactuallyusethoserecements,suchasgoldorsilver.Besidesthosecompositematerialsdoesnotlastlonganditstainseasily.Yet,theauthorthinksthattherearemanyalternativematerialsforthisharmfulamalgamfilling.Weixin:tfxxxwxInanuts,allthepointsstatedinreadingmaterialshavebeenprovedunsubstantiatedbythelecturerinlisteningmaterial.Amalgamissuitabletobethematerialfordentureandthisviewiscontradictorytothereadingpassage.pebblebedreactorregularslowwork，以保持normaltemperature，不会有；如用nuclear呢。 【J2 2redrain，三个原因，1volcaniceruption,2meteoricexplosive，3sporesofclouds,clouds会飘走，若发生explosion，下雨应该是在另一个地方；第三种情况，lichens住在地面，只能影响到阅读：naturalgas现在风能并不能很好的利用，并且天然气也并没有产生那么多温室气体，最起1）太贵.2）有污染.3）光对眼睛不好。cfl灯有这个问题,cflphosphor混合了.所以光不单theamericanburyingbeetlepopulation其他类似栖息地的beetle这种americanburyingbeetle有发达的嗅觉系统，可以发现狠远地方的食物，IF（iron为了减低全球气候变化，吸收的二氧化碳，有一个办法是IF（ironfertilization，将更多iron倒入海中帮助一种phytonkton生长，吸收的二氧化碳，从而减缓全球变暖。Thepassagedisagreeswiththiswayforthreereasons.1)IFeffective过多的iron导致过多的phytonkton，造成oceantoxin，对环境也不利对ecologicalsystemintheocean会造成不好的影响。教授如果某个area 的phytonkton 太多了，我们就停止这种方法，phytonkton就尽管会对生态造成影响，但是须taketherisk，因为全球变暖造成的影响会更Thelecturerejectsviewspresentedinthereadingpassageregardingtheeffectivenessofironfertilization.Contrarytowhatthereadingsays,thelecturerarguesthatironfertilizationisapromisingsolutiontoglobalwarning.First,thereadingcriticizesthatironfertilizationisanineffectivesolutionbecauseexperimentsshowthatonlyasmallamountofcarbondioxidecanbeabsorbed.Yetthelecturerrejectsthiscriticism,arguingthatexperimentslasttooshort(onlyamonth)fortheeffectofironfertilizationtobevisible.IncreasedCO2absorptionwouldonlybesignificantinthe2ndor3rdmonth.Second,thereadingwarnsusthattoxicchemicalsreleasedintheprocessofironfertilizationwillharmlocalfisheryaswellashumanswhoeatcontaminatedfish.However,thelecturerarguesthatcontaminationislimitedwithincertainareasonly.Bypracticingironfertilizationinisolatedareasawayfromthefishpopulationwouldhelptoreducesuchrisk.Finally,regardingthereading’sworrythatironfertilizationmaycauseunpredictabledamagetoaregion’smarineeco-system,thelecturerarguesthatsuchriskisworthtakingbecauseironfertilizationaddressamoreimportantissue–globalwarming,whichcausesamuchhigherlevelofrisktotheoceanenvironmentacrosstheentireglobe.Soironfertilizationiscompleytheshapeoftheheadofhammershapedsharks.3【1】theimprovedturningspeed,【2thesensitivitytoelectricityfield,【3weaponprey,说这种造型的头能被用来做3【1】教授说这种鲨鱼，hammer-shapedsharks的确转身速度很快，但是是来自于其他bonesjoints里面，都是younger鲨鱼，所以可能是因为鲨鱼年轻更有，转身速度才快。距离目标30centimeter的地方探测刀致眼睛变成盲的，就算能做，也没有被发现来证明说鲨鱼用头做是一种regular的行为Thehammerheadsharksarenamedaftertheirunusualanddistinctiveheads,whichareshapedlikeahammer.Therearedebatesoverwhyhammerheadsharkshavesuchweirdlyshapedheads.ThereadingpassageproposesthreehypotheseswhilethelecturerrejectseachofThefirsthypothesisisthatthehammerheadcouldincreasetheshark’sturningspeed,asisshowninanexperiment.However,thelecturerarguesthattheincreasedturningspeedmaybetheresultofotherfactorssuchastheshark’svertebratebonesandjoints.Furthermore,thelecturerpointsoutthatintheexperimentmentionedinthereading,thehammerheadsharksweremostlyyoungsharks,sotheincreasedspeedmightsimplybeduetoyoungshark’naturalflexibility.Second,thereadingstatesthatthehammerheadcouldimprovetheshark’sensitivitytoelectromagneticfield,soitcouldbetterlocateprey.Thelectureroffershiscounter-argumenttothishypothesis.He(she)citesanexperimentinvolvingdifferentspeciesofsharksinapoolwithelectromagneticfield.Itisfoundthatthehammerheadandotherspeciesofsharksappeartoshowthesamesensitivity.Theydetecttheirpreyelectromagneticallywhentheyareabout30centimetersaway.Thethirdhypothesis,proposedbythereading,isthatthehammerheadmaybeusedasaweapontooverwhelmtheshark’sprey.Thisisalsorefutedbytheprofessor,whoarguesthatthisishighlyunlikelybecausethehammerheadshark’seyesarepositionedonthesidesofitshead,sotheycanbeeasilydamagediftheheadwereusedasaweapon.Eveniftheheadcanbeusedasaweapon,theprofessorargues,thereisnoevidenceshowingthatthisisaregularbehavior. 背景是一些高中要求学生们每周做两个小时的。1Paragraph裡面说，这样是没有用的，因為：1学生们可以取巧，在自己的家长或者祖父母那裡乾活然后作為汇报，只有自己汇报没有其他东西来证明；2会让学生们以后远离，因為现在是学校要求，他们去做的事情，所以以后就不会喜欢真正无偿的了；3学校的要求是破坏学生的权Lecture说，paragraph裡面说的是没有道理的，因為：1 作的一部分，我们和学生工作的地方的人联繫，专业的机构(authority)还有的文件记载 ofthecity)来保证；2学生们喜欢作者愿者，比如那些在医院和帮助过小3学校的要求不是破坏学生权利，如果高中能够要求学生来上数学课，那作為一门Somehighschoolsrequirestudentstoparticipateinvolunteeractivitiesforatleast2hourseveryweek.Thereadingpassageclaimsthatsuchrequirementisnotmeaningful,whilethelecturearguesthatvolunteerworkisbeneficialtohighschoolstudentsandthereforejustified.Firstly,thereadingsaysthatsomehighschoolstudentscaneasilyfulfilthisrequirementbyreportingthattheyhavedonesomeworkincesliketheirgrandparents’gardens.Thereisnowaytheschoolcanmonitortheirwork.However,thelecturersaysthatstudents’ownreportisonlypartoftheevaluation.Theschoolalsocheckswithrelevantlocalatthestudents’ceofwork,askingforofficial asproofofthestudent’srecordofvolunteerservice.Secondly,thereadingraisestheconcernthatvolunteerworkmandatedbytheschoolmayinstillaconceptinstudents’mindthatvolunteerworkisactuallytiedwithsomeformsofbenefits.Thismaypreventstudentsfromparticipatinginvolunteerworkinthefuturewhenthereisnosuchbenefit.Yetthelecturerexinsthatmanystudentswhohavedonesometypesofvolunteerworksuchasworkinginthehospitalregardsuchexperienceasverypowerfulandrewarding.Theyfeelmotivatedtocontinuengvolunteerworkinthefuture.Weixin:tfxxxwxFinally,accordingtothereadingpassage,requiringstudentstodovolunteerworkisaviolationofstudent’domandrights,whichisillegal.Thelecturer,however,drawsanogybetweenvolunteerworkandacademiccurricula.Hearguesthatifthereisnothingwrongwithschoolsrequiringstudentstotakeacademiccoursessuchasmath,thentheyarenotviolatinganystudent’srightwhentheydemandthestudenttodosomevolunteerwork.1阅读：小额（microcredit）给poor没administrative这样的话投资给poor的会减少。可以educatethem,并举了例子,teachthemhowtofinance,howto可以给asmallofgroup,insteadof 穷人从international机构中获得之后， ernmentsavemoney可以用于bridgesandInthelecture,thespeakermakesseveralpointsabouttheadvantagesofmicrocredit,awayusedtohelpthepoorforasuccessfulfuture;thismethodhoweverissupportedbythereadingpassage.Thefirstpointisaboutifmicrocreditreallyhelpsthepoorinbusiness.Fromthereading,itsaysthatborrowerscanonlybenefitfromsuchloanswhentheyhavetheknowledgeoffinanceandbusinesssettingupexperience.However,thisisdifferentfromthelisteninginthatmanyfinancialagenciesprovidebasicfinancialeducationtocustomerswhentheyaskfortakingoutsuchloans,suchashowtobudgewisely,howtokeepcostsdownandtheforth.Moreover,fromthereadingpassage,microloansarenoteffectivebecausetheyarecostlytoprocess,addingupburdentothebank.However,theprofessorassertsthatmicrocreditbenefitsthepoor.Forinstance,banksdonotneedtorespondtotheentireindividualrequest.Inotherwords,fourorfivecustomerscantakeoutaloantogetherandsharetheadministrativecosts.Finally,theprofessorpointsoutthatmicrocreditcouldensuretheernmenttobeinvestingthemoneysavedintootherfields.Forexample,ernmentscanusethismoneytobuildinfrastructuresuchasroads,bridges,orpowerlines.Thosethingsareallhelthecitizens.However,thereadingsaysthaternmentcanpasstheofhelthepoorontothesideofbank.Inconclusion,microfinancingisnotagreatideatohelpthepoortogetridoftheirpovertyanddifficultyinlife.Thus,thereadingpassageandthelisteningcontentarecontradictoryonstandsheldtowardthisissue.2stones：没有风强到能吹到石头，并且给了张，石头陷在muddy里，按writer的理论，Thereadingpassagetriestoexinwhysomestonesindesertareasshowsignsofmovingslowlyacrossthesurface.However,allthethreetheoriesproposedinthereadingarerefutedbytheThefirsttheoryisthatthestonesaremovedbythesofwinds.Thisismadepossiblebypowerfulwindstormsinthevalleyandmuddyandslipperysurfacesonrainydays.However,theprofessorarguesthatwindsstrongenoughtomovearockhaveneverbeenrecordedonEarth.Furthermore,there’sevidenceshowingthatpartofthestonesisbeneaththemuddysurface,indicatingthatthestonesarenotslidingonthesurface.Thesecondtheoryisthattherocksmovebecauseofthefloatingicesheetsthatsurroundtherocks.However,thistheoryisalsonotpossiblebecause,asthespeakersays,thedesertareaisextremelydry,soitlackstheamountofwatertoformlargeicesheets.Eventhoughicecouldpossiblyformduringthenightwhenthetemperaturedrops,duringthedaytheicewouldmelt.Therefore,icesheetscouldnothavebeenthesaty.Finally,thereisthepossibilitythathumanoranimalinterventionratherthannaturalsmadethishappen.However,ifthisweretrue,theprofessorsays,thentherewouldhavebeentracesleftofhumansoranimalsmovingtherocks,andthesetraceswouldnothavebeeneasilyremovedinsuchmuddyces.Yetthefactisthatneitherthetracesofhumansnorthoseofhorsesexistnearthemovingrocks.Sothehumaninterventiontheoryishighlyunlikely.3讲congestionpricing。说为了缓解交通拥堵，想要在city中的某个区域，这样就能缓这样做可以improvetime(主要就是说节省时间可以改善环境improvethatarea'sfeerevenuethecitylecture中，professor否定送快递的，他们要，所以送快递的时候会变长。在区里面环境可能会好点，但是周围的车相对就会增多，noiseandair就会多。所以不是整个city有的人不能afford这个费用了，就会去坐subway，就得出的钱subway， Theofcongestionpricingisendinsomeurbanareasinordertoalleviatetrafficcongestion.Thereadingpassageexinsthebenefitsofcongestionpricing,whilethelecturewarnsthatthishasanumberofnegativeeffects.Thereadingsuggeststhatcongestionpricingreducestrafficsodriverscanreachtheirdestinationinlesstime.However,thelecturercontendsthatnotallpeoplewillfindittime-saving.Somedriverswillgoroundthepricingzoneinordertoavoidcongestionsurcharges.Forexample,deliverydriverswilltakealongerroutetoavoidthisadditionalcost,sothedeliverytimeisThesecondbenefitmentionedinthereadingisthatcongestionpricingimprovesurbanenvironment.However,thelecturerpointsoutthatthismaybetrueforareaswithinthechargingzonebecausethereislesstrafficthere.Butinthesurroundingareas,pollutionandnoiseeworseasaresultofincreasedleveloftrafficthatmovestothoseFinally,accordingtothereading,congestionchargesareasourceofcityrevenuewhichcanbeusedbytheernmenttoimprovepublicfacilitiessuchasroadsandbridges.Yetthelecturerarguesthatthiswillleadsomepeopletoswitchfromdrivingtousingpublictransportationsuchasthesubway.Thiswillentailanadditionalcostforsubwaymaintenance,whichmayevenexceedtherevenuefromcongestionpricing.Thereforethewillnothelpimproveroadsand41.本地食物更好吃有营养，2.本地食物对环境好3.本地食物对当地经济可以促进,外地企业不关心当地的经济，对当地发展没有作用之意Lecture1.2.在最合适的地方种水果可以减少土地开垦，对环境有好处.3大公司发展经济.外地Thereadingandlisteningmaterialscomparetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesbetweeneatinglocalfoodandothercesfood.Thereadingmaterialgivesthreepointstoclaimthatthelocalfoodisbetter,whiletheprofessorinthelisteninggivesoppositeopinion.Accordingtothereadingmaterial,firstofall,thelocalfoodismorenutritionalandtastesbetter,becausefarmerswhoarebornandliveinthelocalareawillputmoreenergyandpaymoreattentiontothecultivation.Secondly,eatinglocalfooddolessharmtotheenvironment.Itisknownthattotransportfoodneedtodrivealongwaywhichmeanslargetyoffossilfuelswillbeburnt.Thirdly,purchasinglocalfoodwillbenefitthelocaleconomy,however,thecompaniesfromtheothercesdon’tconcernaboutthelocaldevelopment.Onthecontrast,theprofessorillustratesthreereasonstodisputethereadingmaterial.Tobeginwith,becauseofthedevelopmentofagriculturetechnology,thefoodisalmostthesamealloverthecountry.Soitmakesnosensetosaythatthelocalfoodismorenutritional.Besides,althoughtransportingmaysomehowimpacttheenvironment,thesuitabilityoffarmlandshouldalsobetakenintoaccount.Togrowntsinthemostsuitablelandscanreducethelandreclamation,whichcanbebeneficialtotheenvironmentaswell.Finally,bigcompaniescanpromoteeconomicdevelopment.Companiesfromotherceswillincreasetherevenueforlocalernment,whichinturnhelpsthewholearea.5阅读材料说了防止Asiancarp进入Great 【1】constructwallsinGreat【2electricalchargeddevicetoeliminateAsian【3】two-stepmeasure. 通过toxic 把所有的鱼毒死。 再引native【1】这个对ship有影响 要从一个船reload到另一个船上，增加了【2】这样无法覆盖全面，carp可以游到other 从而进入【3这种做法unpredictable，dangerous.而且利用toxicchemical ThereadingpassageintroducesthreemethodstopreventtheAsiancarpfromenteringtheGreatLakesarea.However,thelecturepointstotheproblemsassociatedwitheachmethod.ThefirstmethodistoconstructwallsintheGreatLakestoblockthepassageoftheAsiancarp.However,thelecturepointsoutthatthiswouldnegativelyinfluencetheshipindustryintheareabecausecargoshipswouldalsobeblockedandhavetounloadthecargoatonesideofthewallandreloadthecargoattheotherside,significantlyincreasingcostoftransportation.ThesecondmethodistouseelectricaldevicestoeliminatetheAsiancarp.However,accordingtothelecture,thismethodwouldnotworksuccessfullybecausesmallfishcouldstillswimthroughthedevice,andcontinuetogrowandreproduceintheothersideofthelake.Thethirdmethodisatwo-stepapproachinvolvingthepoisoningoftheAsiancarpfirstandthentheintroductionofnewspecies.Yettheprofessorarguesthatthismeasureistoodrasticandcouldhaveunpredictableresults.Thetoxicchemicalsreleasedwouldleadtochangesinthewholeecosystemthataredangeroustothefishpopulationinthearea.6T-Rex恐龙能跑吗？MTMMT（1）TT恐龙能闻到他们（2）虽然有和类似的腿骨结构，但的骨头要比T恐龙的强壮的多，T恐龙腿骨的结构太脆弱，如果跑的话，很容易损坏；（3）MTTM恐龙大得多，强TherehasbeensomecontroversyoverwhetherornotT.rexcouldrunfast.ThereadingpassageprovidesthreepiecesofevidencetoprovethatT.rexwasafastrunner.However,thelecturerarguesthatnoneoftheevidenceisconvincing.First,thereadingsuggeststhatT.rexmusthavebeenacapablerunnerbecauseitfedonherbivorousanimalwhichcouldrunveryfast.However,thelecturerarguesthatthismaynotserveasvalidproof,becauseT.rexhadveryacutesenseofsmellsotheycoulddetectandscavengeonthedeadbodiesofsmallanimalsinsteadofhavingtochasethem.Secondly,thereadingdrawscomparisonbetweenthelegbonesofT.rexandafastrunningtiger.Yetthelecturerrejectssuchcomparison.Hearguesthatinspiteofthesimilarity,thebonesofT.rexweretoofragiletosustainthehighpressurecausedbyhigh-speedrunning.Finally,fossilevidenceshowsthatT.rexhadtwopowerfullegsandlargetoes.RelativesoftheT.rexthatsharedthesefeatures,likethe[M-],werefastrunners.Againthisisdisprovedbytheprofessor,whoarguesthatinordertorun,aT.rexwouldhaveneededtocarry86%ofitshugebodymassassupportivemusclesinitslegs,whichcouldnothavebeenpossible.7【3】科学家已经在找到方法通过recyclewater Thereadingpassagecriticizesfishfarmsforcausinganumberofproblemstothelocalenvironment.However,inthelecture,theprofessorarguesthatsolutionshavealreadybeenfoundtoaddresseachproblem.Thefirstproblemfishthatgrowinfishfarmsmayproducelargetiesofby-productsandwastesthatmaycontaminatethesurroundingwater.Inthelecture,theprofessorpointsoutthatakindofbacteriahasbeenintroducedinfishfarmstoeffectivelybreakdownthewaste.Thesecondproblemisthatwhenthefishescapefromthefarmsandbreedwiththeirwildrelatives,theycouldproduceoffspringwithgeneticweaknessandlowviability.However,accordingtothelecture,domesticationhasmadefishinthefarmsgeneticallydifferent,andtheirreproductiveabilitymuchlowerthanthatofthewildfish,sosuccessfulbreadingfortheescapedfishinthewildishighlyunlikely.ThethirdproblemconcernstheoverconsumptionoffreshwaterresourcesinfishfarmsToaddressthisproblem,thelecturesays,scientistshaveinventedawaterrecyclingsystem,inwhichwateriscontinuousfilteredandrecycledsotheamountofwaterneededtorunalarge-scalefishfarmisminimized.Furthermore,atypeofntcalled[一种植物的名字]canbegrowninsaltwatertohelpwiththecleaningprocess.8阅读：GM 【3】可以让大米里含维生素a，防止维a 部分认为gm 【2】农民往往用去年的播种，用gm 【3】含维生素a 的蔬菜有的是，含量还比这种gm ThearticleintroducedakindofntwhichcalledGM(GeneModification)IthasthreemajorItisgoodfortheenvironmentbecauseithastheresisit-gene.UsingGMcropcanreducetheuseofpesticide.Itcanhelppoorfarmersaroundt