阅读技巧之主旨大意

阅读技巧之主旨大意第一页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。

主旨大意型

我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考题。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题(mainidea,mainlyabout),目的(purpose)或标题(title)设题。第二页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。1)主题型的题干形式Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)写作目的型的题干形式Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...What'sthepurposeofthepassage?3)标题型的题干形式Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?【设题形式】第三页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。【如何做主旨大意题】1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。3)记叙文通常没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳，最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。4)无明显主题句时找高频信息词.第四页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。

“主题句定位法”

主题句在段首

主题句在段末

首尾呼应主题句在短文中间

第五页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。(1)主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式，作者在首段常常亮出观点，表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句所以要认真阅读段落首句。第六页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。【典题范析】1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.Themainideaofthepassageis_____.A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerB.SmokingisabadhabitC.LCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingD.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?A论证性细节第七页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。2.Zinc(锌)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.A.ANewDiscoveryB.ZincandHealthC.HowZincWorksD.AddZinctoYourFoodB论证性细节第八页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。(2)

主题句在段末有的主题句放到文章的末尾，先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，将主题引向高潮，起到总结作用，从而形成强有力的结论，这就要求考生耐心地读完全文。第九页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。【典题范析】1.Infact,whenwesaythatallofusmustbeeducatedtofitusforlife,itmeansthatwemustbeeducatedinsuchawaythat,firstly,eachofuscandowhateverworksuitedtohisbrainsandability，andsecondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety,andthatisverybadtobeashamedofone'swork.Onlysuchatypeofeducationcanbeconsideredvaluabletosociety.Thepassagetellsusabout___oftheeducation.A.themeansB.thesystemC.thevalueD.thetypeC层层推理论证第十页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。2.Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?____A.Watercycle.B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.D.Water,vapour,rain.A层层推理论证第十一页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。（3）首尾呼应为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.第十二页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。【典题范析】(2013年高考)Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein，inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive，tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom，afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination…Itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But，nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So，letyourimaginationrunwild，anddaretodream.第十三页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。

Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?____A.Totellusaninterestingstory.B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.D第十四页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。（4）主题句在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.第十五页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。【典题范析】Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources,theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries....Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.提出问题或现象作进一步的解释,支撑或发展继续陈述细节或引申第十六页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。

Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?______A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.D第十七页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。3)有的文章的中心思想隐含在文中（尤其是记叙文），让读者很难发现，这种情况难度较大，考生要通观全文，分清主旨细节，进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。解答此类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等，分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，捕捉与题目有关的信息，从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。第十八页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。【典题范析】Atthirteen，Iwasdiagnosed(诊断)withakindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks，Icouldnot.Inmyfirstliteratureclass，Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandthenwriteonit，allwithin45minutes.Iraisedmyhandrightawayandsaid，“Mrs.Smith，yousee，thedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeabletodoit.”Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses，“Youarenodifferentfromyourclassmates，youngman.”Itried，butIdidn'tfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithome.Inthequietnessofmybedroom，thestorysuddenlyallbecamecleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson，Louis本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在老师的激励下，克服困难的故事第十九页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。Braille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidn'tgiveup.Instead，heinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots(点)，whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.Wasn'tIthe“blind”inmyclass，beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted”students？Mythoughtsspilledoutandmypenstartedtodance.Icompletedthetaskwithin40minutes.Indeed，Iwasnodifferentfromothers；Ijustneededaquieterplace.IfLouiscouldfindhiswayoutofhisproblems，whyshouldIevergiveup?Ididn'texpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith，soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebacktomethenextday—withan“A”onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords：“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying？”第二十页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?______A．Thedisabledshouldbetreatedwithrespect.B．Ateachercanopenupanewworldtostudents.C．Onecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultieswithefforts.D．Everyoneneedsahandwhenfacedwithchallenges.C某个具体事实或细节片面推出的错误结论非文章事实的主观臆断干扰项第二十一页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。4)无明显主题句时找高频信息词任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。第二十二页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。【典题范析】Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents'eyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,butsometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge.itistimeyoubuildapositiveselfimageandlearntoloveyourself.

...第二十三页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。

Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveselfimageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit....Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeselfimageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective,andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveselfimage.Whenyoucanpat(拍)yourselfontheback,you'llknowyou'rewellonyourway.Goodluck!第二十四页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。CWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?_______A.Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.B.Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.C.Howtobuildapositiveselfimage.D.Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.第二十五页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。

主题句在段首Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Themainideaoftheparagraphis________.

第二十六页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。主题句在文中Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.Whatdoesthisparagraphmainlytalkabout?第二十七页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。主题句首尾呼应Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?

Whatisthemainidea?

A.Smokingcancausecancer.B.SmokingisaterriblekillerC.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.D.AnexperimentonsmokingC.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.第二十八页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。根据高频词概括无明显主题句Everyone

can

experience

anger

sometimes.

But

not

everyone

cancontrol

it

properly.To

some

people,

controlling

anger

seems

like

the

hardest

thing

in

the

world

to

do.

Control

these

bytalking

to

yourself

in

your

own

mind,when

you

experience

unwantedfeeling.

By

talking

it

over

in

your

ownhead

youcan

work

out

how

you

will

best

deal

with

the

situation.Anger

control

can

also

be

achieved

bycommunicatingwithotherswith

honesty.You

can

effectively

train

yourself

to

respond

to

situations

without

getting

annoyed

about

things.

It

is

important

to

rememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangry

and

therefore,controlling

it

is

the

real

challenge.第二十九页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。

Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Noteveryonecancontrolanger.B.Howtocontrolanger.C.Communicatingwithothersishelpful.D.ControllingangerischallengingB.Howtocontrolanger.第三十页，编辑于星期日：四点五十一分。根据各段主题句概括

Mother’sDaywascoming,amanstoppedataflowershoptoordersomeflowerstobewired(电邮给)tohismotherwholivedtwohundredmilesaway.

Ashegotoutofhiscar,henoticedayounggirlsobbing(啜泣).Heaskedherwhatwaswrongwithherandshereplied,“Iwantedtobuyaredroseformymother.