考研英语模拟试题及答案分析6

考研英语模拟试题[6]

考研英语模拟试题[6]PartIStructureandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(5points)HeisofftoParisagaintomorrow.Hetellsmethat,withthisjourney,he_____thereandbacktwentytimes.

A．willbe

B．willhavebeen

C．willgo

D．willhavegoneThey_____uswillinglybutthattheyhappenedtobeshortofhands,too.

A．wouldhelp

B．wouldhavehelped

C．weregoingtohelp

D．musthavehelped_____ismentionedinsomeofhisstories,theauthorwasbroughtupinasmallvillage.

A．It

B．what

C．That

D．AsMostof_____isonAmericantelevisionareprogramsdesignedtoappealtopeoplewhogointothesupermarketsandbuytheproductsthatareadvertisedonTV.

A．which

B．that

C．whatever

D．whatThesailorrepliedinatoneasangrilyas_____,thathehadlosthislegabroadindefenceofthosewhodidnothingathome.

A．they

B．them

C．their

D．theirsItisfarbettertodowellabitofworkwhichiswell_____alargefortune.

A．worthytobedonethanhave

B．worthdoingthantohave

C．worthwhiletodothanhave

D．worthyofdoingthanhaveThestudiesshowthatthedriverwhohasconsumedanamountofalcoholwithinthelimitis_____likelytohaveanautomobileaccidentthanthedriverwhodoesnottakeanyalcohol.

A．notso

B．notmuch

C．noless

D．nomoreAconvenientwayistosetthefoodonapieceofaluminumoil,_____totheairforhalfanhour,andthencoveritwithadish.

A．letitstayopen

B．letitstayopened

C．lettingitstayopen

D．lettingitstayopened_____foraches,painsandfever,Asprinisnowthesubjectofmultipleinvestigationsofitsroleintreatingmanymoreseriouscomplaints.

A．Longused

B．Beingusedlong

C．Havingbeenlongused

D．IthaslongbeenusedThestudentsweremuchencouraged_____achancetotalkwiththeAmericansinEnglish.

A．toget

B．given

C．tohavegot

D．havinggotSectionB

Directions:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(5points)Thekingmadeapromisewhich(A)hewould(B)givethetailorboth(C)halfofhiskingdomandhisdaughter,butnonethetailorhad(D).Itisnotsomuch(A)beingexemptfromfaultsbut(B)havingovercome(C)themthatisadvantagetous(D).Thustheyoungmanofpromise(A)brokenotonlythepromiseshehadmade(B)tohimselfandothers,butwhatwastheworseofall(C),theheartofhisagedfatheralso(D).Ishallfinish(A)writing(B)mytermpaperbythetime(C)youcomeback(D)nextweek.Thereisfrequentlyagreatintervalbetweenknowing(A)howtosolve(B)aproblemandtoget(C)theresourcestosolve(D)it.Aman's(A)dignitydoesnotdependon(B)what(C)hehasbut(D)onwhatheis.When(A)Edisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeopleturnedoff(B)allpowerintheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesfor(C)severalminutesinhonorof(D)thisgreatman.Today,auniversityeducationisseenas(A)therightof(B)anycapablestudentratherthanthepriviledge(C)of(D)thewealthypeople.Itistimewestarted(A)tothinkseriouslyaboutthegrowing(B)shortageofrawmaterialsintheworldtodayandstop(C)thismaddestructionofourenvironmentbyourthrowaway(D)society.Metal,theearly(A)formofmoney,caneither(B)beexchangedforgood,ortobemade(C)into(D)tools,weaponsorornaments.SectionC

Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thereisadirectflightat2∶00intheafternoonoraflightat9∶30inthemorningthat_____inChicago.

A．stopsby

B．stopsover

C．pullsup

D．dropsinCharlesIves'smusicwashardlypopularwiththebroadpublicatthetimeitwaswritten.Thecomposerfoundit_____impossibletohismusicperformed.

A.anythingbut

B．nothingbut

C．nonebut

D．allbutPossessingacargivesamuchgreaterdegreeof_____,enablingthedrivertomovearoundfreely.

A．travelling

B．movement

C．mobility

D．freedomMemorizationwhichdoesnotincludethinkingandunderstanding_____studentsbeingunabletousewhathasbeenlearnt.

A．resultsin

B．centerson

C．adjuststo

D．referstoSomepeoplesaythatiftheholderofchopstickspushesthem_____hisstomachtoeventhemupinsteadoftappingthemonthetable,thechancesareheisacoolie.

A．on

B．against

C．at

D．toChildrengoingtoschoolmusthaveachanceto_____excessphysicalenergy;childrenevenmorethanadultsrequireandenjoyphysicalexerciseandgamesofallkinds.

A．workoff

B．letoff

C．playoff

D．putoffTestshaveprovedthatcaffeineaffectsthebodybyincreasingtheheartrateandrhythm,which_____affectsthecirculatorysystem.

A．inthelongrun

B．inturn

C．inreturn

D．asaresultBothmenandwomen,ninetimesoutoften,arefirmly_____ofthesuperiorexcellenceoftheirownsex.

A．asserted

B．ensured

C．convinced

D．conceivedChildrenbetweentheageof2and11cannotcomprehendthedifferencebetweencommercialsandtelevision,sotheycannotdefendthemselvesagainstthe_____techniquesofcommercialtelevisionadvertising.

A．persuasive

B．advisable

C．irresistible

D．appealingDuringthe1990sworldoilproductionwillapproachgeologicalestimatesofmaximumproduction_____,evenwithrapidlyincreasingpetroleumprices.

A．capability

B．quota

C．potentiality

D．capacityItwouldbeverydifficultforalibrarytobewithoutdictionariesandencyclopedea;suchreferencebooksare_____.

A．unavoidable

B．inevitable

C．indispensible

D．fundamentalToremaincompetitiveintheinternationalmarketplace,U.S.industrieshaverecognizedthattheymustattractthebrightest,most_____youngpeopleavailable.

A．committed

B．dedicated

C．determined

D．contributedHoweverdullworkmaybe,itbecomesbearableifitisameansofbuildingup_____,whetherintheworldatlargeoronlyinone'sowncircle.

A．admiration

B．vanity

C．honour

D．reputationJobapplicantsoftendevelopedthesuspicionthat_____aresetasideforfriendsandrelativesandthatadvertisementsareonlyputouttoavoidthisaccusation.

A．positions

B．vacancies

C．occupations

D．postsButpeoplewhoreadhourafterhourorworkwheretheeyesarekeptsteadilyatonefocussoonmaycometoneedglassestocorrecttheir_____.

A．vision

B．view

C．visibility

D．perceptionAnyonewhohasriddenonarailroadtrainknowshowrapidlyanothertrainflashesbywhenitistravellingintheoppositedirectionand_____howitmaylookalmostmotionlesswhenitismovinginthesamedirection.

A．meanwhile

B．accordingly

C．likewise

D．converselyManufacturingisCanada'smostimportanteconomicactivity.It_____morethanhalfthevalueofallCanadianproduction.

A．accountsfor

B．amountsto

C．takesup

D．turnsoutTestsrevealthatmother'sheartbeatcanhaveacalmingeffectontheinfant.Thosewhowere_____theheartbeatrecordingfellasleepinhalfthetimeittookforthosewhowerenot.

A．leftto

B．exposedto

C．facedwith

D．trustedwithPicturewhathappenswhenafather_____hischildintotheair.Thechildwillprobablylaugh,enjoyingthegame.

A．casts

B．pitches

C．tosses

D．elevatesOncealighthouseisbuilt,noshipofanynationalitycanbeeffectively_____fromtheutilizationofthelighthousefornavigationalpurposes.

A．isolated

B．dismissed

C．distracted

D．excludedPartIIClozeTest

Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoiceslabelledA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

TheCivilWaroccupiesauniquepositioninAmericanhistory.Noevent,noteventheRevolution,holds41placeinthenational42.Itsbattleswerethebloodiest43foughtonAmericansoil,anditspeoplewereatoncethemosthumanand44ofourheroes.Thehistoryofthewarincludesstoriesofrecruitment,warindustries,supplies,militaryleadership,politics,diplomacy,andcivilianmorale.Itisreallynotonetale45manyseparatehistories,eachcomplexandelusive.

TheCivilWarcan,however,be46tohumanscalebytheverysoldierswhofoughtinit.47hadhisownhistory,personalexperiences,thatreflectedinsome48thelargerforcesofthewar.Althoughmostsoldiersleftnorecordoftheirthoughtsandactivities49thebriefnoticereceivedintrooplists,casualtyreports,andotherpublicrecords,somewrotediariesandlettersthatallowustoobserve50theirpersonalhistories.41.A.anyhighB.ahighC.ahigherD.thehighest42.A.regardB.responseC.rewardD.registration43.A.oneB.onceC.beforeD.ever44.A.decisiveB.confidentialC.impartialD.resourceful45.A.andB.orC.butD.with46.A.declinedB.reducedC.extendedD.expanded47.A.OneB.EachC.AllD.Thesoldier48.A.modeB.modelC.styleD.fashion49.A.betweenB.beneathC.behindD.beyond50.A.closelyB.carefullyC.privatelyD.intimatelyPartⅢReadingComprehension

Directions:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Passage1

WhowastoblameforstartingtheColdWar?FornearlyagenerationafterWorldWarII,AmericanhistoriansgenerallyagreedthatthesuspiciousandgraspingSovietswerealmostsolelyresponsible.This“Orthodox”(正统的)appraisalfittedcomfortablywiththetraditionalviewoftheUnitedStatesasaGod?blessedlandwithanidealisticforeignpolicy.Butinthe1960sanotherinterpretationbegantoflower,powerfullyreinforcedbyanobjectionagainstwhatAmericansweredoinginVietnam.Peoplewhoheldthisviewattemptedtoreversetheorthodoxview.TheyarguedthattheSovietshadunderstandablydefensiveintentionsattheendofWorldWarIIandthattheUnitedStateshadbehavedaggressivelyandirresponsibly.SomeofthesecriticspointedanaccusingfingeratTruman.TheydeclaredthathehadabandonedRoosevelt'sconciliatory(调和的)approachandadoptedabullingattitude,emboldenedbyAmerican'satomicmonopoly.ThemoreradicalofthosepeopleliketheKolkosfoundtherootsofAmericanaggressionbeforeTruman'stimeinlongstandingpoliciesofeconomicexpansion.

Inthe1970sa“neoorthodox”interpretationemerged.Historiansofthisschool,likeJohnL.Gaddis,stillplacemostoftheblamefortheColdWarontheSovietUnion,buttheyadmitthatAmericanpolicieshelpedworsentheconflict.TheyalsonotehowtheconstraintsofdomesticpoliticsandthemiscalculationsofAmericanleadersledanationinsearchofinternationalsecurityintodangerousColdWar.

ThishistoricaldebateovertheoriginsoftheColdWarhascompelledtherecognitionthattheUnitedStatesdidhavevitalinterestsatstakeinpostwardiplomacy,andthatpolicymakerspursuedthoseinterestswitheagerness.Butisself?interestnecessarilyimmoral?Issecurityaone?waystreet?Cantheblameeverbeexclusivelywithonesideinacomplexinternationaldispute?Peopleofthe“orthodox”viewplacedblameforstartingtheColdWarontheSovietUnionbecause_____．

A．theydidn'twantAmericatotakesoleresponsibility

B．theysupportedAmericainitsforeignpolicyinVietnam

C．theybelievedthatAmericawasalwaysrightinitsforeignpolicy

D．theycouldfindpeaceofmindinsuchabeliefBysayingthat“peoplewhoheldthisviewattemptedtoreversetheorthodoxview”(thefifthsentenceinparagraph1),theauthormeansthatthosepeople_____．

A．didn'tquiteagreetothe“orthodox”view

B．heldanoppositeviewtothe“orthodox”one

C．consideredthe“orthodox”viewunworthyofnotice

D．werefaithfulsupportersoftheSovietforeignpoliciesThe“neoorthodox”viewheldthat_____shouldtakeresponsibilityfortheColdWar．

A．theSovietUnion

B．theUnitedStates

C．neitherofthosetwocountries

D．bothofthosetwocountriesInthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoimplythat_____．

A．theSovietUnionshouldtakesoleresponsibility

B．theUnitedStatesshouldtakesoleresponsibility

C．theColdWarwasn'tstartedononesideonly

D．neithersidestartedtheColdWarPassage2

Doestheevidencethattheleftandrightsidesofthebraindiffersomewhatinfunctionhaveimplicationsforpersonalitydifferences?Thereisresearchindicatingthattherighthemisphereislinkedtonegativeemotions,tospatialorimageryprocessing,andtothinkingofpuremelodies,whilethelefthemisphereislinkedtoverbalandmathematicalthoughtandpositiveemotions.Isitpossiblethateachhalfofthebrainreflectstwobasicbutdifferentdimensionsofhumancapacity?Aresomepersonalitydifferencesthatinvolveconsistentstylesofinformationprocessingofreflectivethoughtcorrelatedwithagreateractivationoftheleftandrighthemispheres?

Adultswhodifferintheirinitialencodingstylesalsodemonstratebrainwavepatternsoreyemovementdifferencesthatsuggestthey“favor”oneoranotherhemisphereofthebrainduringreflectivethought.Anapproachtostudyingsuchdifferenceshasemergedbyexaminingthedirectioninwhichpeopleshifttheireyeswhentryingtoreflectonaquestionortorecallinformation.Anatomically(从解剖学上来说)theneuralpathwayfromthelefteyegoestotherighthemisphereofthebrainandfromtherighteyetothelefthemisphere.Sinceoureyesnormallyshifttogether,ithasbeenshownthatthestimulationoftherightbrainhemisphereleadstoashiftoftheeyestotheleftand,correspondingly,lefthemispherestimulationshiftstheeyestotheright.

Studiesofpersonswhoshowconsistentleftorrighteyeshiftswhenengagedinreflectivethoughtdooffersomesupportfortheviews.Rightshifters(thatis,thosewhoseleftbrainaremostactive)aremoreanalyticinperceptualperformanceandscorehigheronmeasuresofverbalconceptformation,mathematicsscores,andmeasuresofmathematical,scientific,ortheoreticalinterests.Leftshiftersaremoreimageryoriented,moreinclinedtodaydream,morecreativeandaestheticallyoriented.Leftandrightshiftersevendifferinwheretheyprefertositincollegelecturehalls,withleftshifterssittingontherightsideandrightshifterstotheleftofthecenter.Theideathattheleftandrightsidesofthebraindiffersomewhatinfunction_____．

A．isprovedtobeunfounded

B．hasconsistentevidencetosupportitself

C．isprovedtobetrueinsomecases

D．lacksbiologicalevidenceMathematicalproblemsolvingactivitycorrespondstoanincreaseintheactivation_____．

A．intheleftsideofthebrain

B．intherightsideofthebrain

C．inbothsidesofthebrain

D．firstintheleftandthenintherightsideAccordingtothefindings,astudentwhooftensitsontheleftsideofalecturehall_____．

A．belongstotheanalyticalthinkingtype

B．oftendaydreamsintheclassroom

C．isnotcapableofcreativethinking

D．isrelativelymoreimaginativeItisprovedthat_____．

A．differentstylesofinformationprocessinghasnoeffectonpeople'spersonality

B．differencesinpersonalityhavesomethingtodowithpeople'sproblemsolvingstyles

C．leftshiftersareusuallytheworststudentsinaclass

D．rightshiftersareoftenthetroublemakersinasocietyPassage3

JohnHaroldDrakeisamanofdeepcompassion,andhaswrittenabookthatarguesforthecauseofchildreninneedoflove.“Children,LittleChildren”isanhonestbook,showinggreatconcernanddissatisfactionwiththecareforchildren.

Thedifficulttrickoflivinginsideanotherperson'smindandbeingabletoputyourreaderinsidethatsamemind,isacapabilityheldonlybywritersofexceptionalskillandtalent.Mr.Drakehasapproachedtheproblembymakinga10yearoldboyhiscentralcharacter.Theboydoesnotforamomentcomeacrossasarealchild.Irresponsibleparentsabandonedhim,hisgrandfatherdislikedhim,hetookeverythingliterally,andbeggedeveryoneforlove.Bretisbeingusedtomakeapoint.Hisideasaretoopoetic,hisresponsetoodirect,andthecontrastsofgoodandeviltoosimplisticforreallife.Heisbeingmanipulatedbysomeonebehindthescenerytryingtotellussomething.

ForfifteenyearstheauthorshasbeendealingwithpeoplewithpsychologicaltroubleattheV.I.T.NeuropsychiatricInstitute.Hehasactivelybeeninvolvedinthisfieldatotherinstitutionsforaquarterofacentury.Thisbookisaformofactingout,throughthecharacter,Bret,thepainofarejectedchild.Ifoneunderstandsthebookinthoseterms,onemaybewillingtobelievetheimaginarystory.Ifviewedinthislight,theexaggeratedmovementsandreactionsofthecharactersbecamelessunbelievableandthereforemoremeaningful.Theexcessivelypoeticpassagesofdescriptionandemotion,seenasstageflatsmademorecolorfulthannatureinordertolookrealfromafar,areacceptableinadramawhereatheyareirritatinginanovel.Theonesidedcharacterizationsinsanefather,immaturemother,meanoldgrandmother,selfishaunt,cruelneighbours,andtotallymisunderstoodBretarefiguresmovingacrossalitstagetodramatizeamessage.Thetruetolifeending,withoutresolutionorgrowthordevelopment,mightworkonastage,however,itiscontrarytoeverythinganovelshoulddo.

Callingthebookanovelisthepublisher'smistake,theworkismorenearlyadrama.PerhapsitisoneofMrDrake'spsychodramasinprintandshouldsobejudged.Theauthorofthepassagefeelsthat_____.

A.Mr.Drke'scharacter,Bret,istoounrealistic

B.thecentralcharactershouldnotbemanipulated

C.themessageconveyedbythecharacterizationisimportant

D.Mr.DrakeisnotgoodatwritingnovelsItseemsthat_____.

A.Bretisn'tcreatedforthestage

B.Bretissurroundedbyahostileenvironment

C.Bretistoosimplemindedtobelikedbyanyone

D.BrethimselfisindifferenttohisenvironmentMr.Drake_____.

A.isusinghisbooktosendamessagetopeople

B.doesnotlikehischaracterhimself

C.doesnothaveapleasantexperienceasachild

D.istooimpersonalinwritingthestoryThispassageismostlikelytobe_____.

A.adramareview

B.anovelreview

C.acommentonlackofparentalloveorchildren

D.acommentonstorywritingstylesPassage4

Publicofficialsandcandidatesforpublicofficeroutinelyusepublicopinionpollstokeeptrackofwhatthepeoplearethinking.Animportantquestionisthedegreetowhichthesepollsshouldguideleadersintheiractions.Thereareargumentsforandagainsttheuseofpollsasthebasisforpolicydecisions.

Pollscancontributetoeffectivegovernmentbykeepingpoliticalleadersfromgettingtoofaroutoflinewiththepublic'sthinking.Inademocraticsociety,theeffectivenessofapublicpolicyoftendependsontheextentofitspublicsupport.Whenapolicyiscontrarytothepublic'sdesires,peoplemaychoosetodisregardorundermineit,thusmakingitcounterproductiveorinefficient.Further,whengovernmentpursuesacourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees,itrisksalossofpublicconfidence,whichcanhaveanegativeeffectonitsabilitytolead.TheReaganadministration,flyinghighfrom1981to1985,wasbroughtlowin1986bypublicreactiontonewsofitssecretsalesofweaponstoIran.TheadministrationhadnotpaidsufficientattentiontopollsthatrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini'sregimehadheldsixtythreeAmericanhostages(人质)in19791981.

However,leaderscanalsodoadisservicetothepublictheyrepresentbyusingpollresultsasasubstituteforpolicyjudgment.“Effectivegovernment”,asWalterLippmannwrote,“cannotbeconductedbylegislatorsandofficialswho,whenaquestionispresented,askthemselvesfirstandlastnotwhatisthetruthandwhichistherightandnecessarycourse,butWhatdoestheGallupPollsay?”Duringhispresidentialterm,JimmyCarterproposedfiveconsecutiveinflationfightingprograms,changinghisplanswitheachshiftinpublicsentimentwithouthavinginvestedthepoliticalcapitalnecessarytogetCongressandthecountrybehindanyoftheefforts.ThenationandCarterwouldprobablyhavebeenbetterservedbyasteadfastcommitmenttoasinglecourseofaction.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat_____．

A．Reaganlostalotofsupportlaterinhisadministration

B．leadersshouldlearntowinsupportfortheirpolicies

C．itisuptotheleaderstodeterminethevalueofpublicopinion

D．publicopinionpollsareveryimportanttoademocraticsocietyWhatWalterLippmannmeansisthat_____．

A．somegovernmentleaderscanneverrunthegovernmenteffectively

B．insolvinganyproblem,leadersshouldfirsttrytofindoutthepublicopiniononit

C．goodleadersshouldlearntodisregardpublicopinioninpolicymaking

D．leadersshouldtakeeffectivedecisionsbasedonsoundjudgmentandactonthemwithdeterminationTheCarterexampleshowsthatforaleader_____．

A．rationaljudgmentisimportantinfaceofunfavorablepublicopinion

B．publicopinionisallthemoreimportantindifficulttime

C．itisadvisabletoignorepublicopinioninhandlingbadeconomicsituations

D．itisimportanttobeongoodtermswithboththeCongressandthepublicWhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

A．Countryleadersshouldbereadytoyieldtopublicopinion.

B．Publicopinionsshouldbecarefullyusedinpolicymaking.

C．Governmentalpoliciesshouldbemadeinlinewithpublicthinking.

D．Publicpollsareuselessunlesstheyareusedforpolicymaking.Passage5

ThetransplantationoffunctioninghumanimmunesystemsintomicewasreportedbytwoCaliforniaresearchteamsinSeptember1988.Themiceshouldhavemanyimportantusesinmedicalscience,suchasenablingresearcherstotesttreatmentsagainstanumberofdiseasesandtostudytheeffectsofinfectiousmicroorganisms-includingtheAIDSvirus-onthehumanimmunesystem.

Bothresearchgroups-attheMedicalBiologyInstituteinLaJollaandatStandfordUniversity-startedwithaspecialstrainofmicethatarewithoutanimmunesystem.TheLaJollascientistsinjectedthemicewithhumanBcellsandTcells,whitebloodcellsthataremajorcomponentsoftheimmunesystem.Thecellsreproducedinthemice'sbodiesandmigratedthroughouttheanimals'circulatorysystems.

TheStanfordresearchersimplantedhumanfetallivaltissues,thymusglandtissues,andlymphnodes,intothemice.Inthemice'bodies,thelivercellsproducedstemcells,whichdevelopintothevariouskindsofbloodcells.TheimplantedtissuesconvertedthestemcellsintoBcellsandTcells.

Themicewithimmunesystemtransplantsbybothresearchteamswerefullyprotectedagainstinfectiousdisease.Ordinarily,miceofthestrainusedbythescientistsdiesoonafterbirthunlesstheyarekeptinasterile(无菌的)environment.Thepurposeoftheresearchesinthosetwouniversitieswasto_____．

A．usemousebloodtotreatmanydiseases

B．usehumanbloodtocuresickmice

C．findouthowhumanimmunesystemmightbeaffected

D．findoutifhumanimmunesystemwassimilartothatofmiceThetworesearchersweresimilarinthatbothresearchgroups_____．

A．hadthesameobjectivetotheirresearches

B．usedthesameproceduresintheirresearches

C．injectedthesamekindofbloodcellsintothemice

D．usedthesameexperimentalinstrumentintheirworkFinallythetworesearches_____．

A．hadquitedifferentfindings

B．gotsimilarfindings

C．failedsincethemicesoondied

D．hadnoparticularresultsComparedwithStandfordUniversityresearchers,thoseintheotheruniversity_____．

A．experimentedwithfewerkindsofbloodcells

B．usedalessadvancedmethod

C．employedamoredirectmethod

D．gotlessconvincingresultsPartIVEnglishChineseTranslation

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(15points)

ImmediatelyaftertheCivilWar,however,thedietbegantochange.(71)Railtransportationincreasedthesupplyandimprovedthequalityofthemilkthatreachedurbancenters;coldstorageandrefrigeratorcarsmadepossiblethegreaterconsumptionoffreshvegetables,freshfruits,andfreshfish;andcommercialcanningextendedtherangeofappetizingandhealthfulfoods.Subsequentlyfoodstatisticsindicatedanincreasedconsumptionofdairyproducts,freshfruit,freshvegetables,sugarandsyrups,coffee,tea,cocoa,andspices.Decreasedconsumptionwasshownformeats,potatoes,andgrainproducts.(72)Byandlarge,theAmericandietcontinuedtoreflectaconsiderablerelianceuponanimalproducts,ratherthanongrains,whichmeantthatarelativelylargeacreagewasrequiredtofeedtheAmericanpulblic.Whereasagrainandfishdiet,suchasinJapan,requiresonlyaquarterofanacrehighyieldcroplandandnopasturepercapita,theAmericandietrequiresabouttwoandahalfacresofcroplandandtenacresofpasturepercapita.Alsoitindicatedashifttowardthesocalledprotectivefoods,towardthosehighinvitaminsandproteins.(73)Thischangewasgreatlyfurtheredbygovernmentalfoodinspection(thePureFoodandDrugActwaspassedin1906),bytheincreasinguseofmechanicalrefrigeratorsinthe1920'sand1930'sandoffreezersforfrozenfoodduringrecentdecades.

IntheyearsafterWorldWarIafoodrevolutiontookplacethatwasreminiscentoftheonethatoccuredaftertheCivilWar.Theoutputofthefoodmanufacturingindustryquadrupledfrom1900to1940.(74)Inthatinterval,aswehavementionedearlier,homecanninggavewaytocommercialcanning,andthelaborofhousekeepingwaslightened.

Fortunatelymostofthemajordietarychangesthathavetakenplacesincethemiddleofthenineteenthcenturyhaveresultedinbetternutritionforthepopulation.Inpart,theseshiftshavetakenplacebecauseofapreferencefornewfoodsratherthanold,butinpart,theyhavebeenmadebecausethenewfoodswereadvocatedbynutritionists.ApparentlyAmericandietarycustomswerenotsodeeplyingrainedastopreventchangeintheinterestsofbetterhealth.(75)PossiblyonefactorthathascontributedtothereadinessofAmericanstoacceptnewfoodsorfoodpreparationsisthegeneralfamiliaritym