过去分词状语

Grammar

Grammar(1)Readthesentencesandunderlinethev-edforms.1.Encouragedgreatly,theyworkedevenharder. 2.Givenbetterattention,theseflowerscouldhavegrownbetter.3.Consideredmorecarefully,itwouldhavehadagoodresult.4.Borninapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.Rewritethesentences,beginningwiththewordsgiveninbrackets.1)Spokenbyfewerandfewerpeoplethesedays,theNaxilanguagemaydisappearinthefuture.(because)

Becauseitisspokenbyfewerandfewerpeoplethesedays,theNaxilanguagemaydisappear.2)Seenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinystreets.(when)

Whenitisseenfromabove,theoldtownisamazeofcanals,littlebridgesandtinystreets.

3)Passedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.(because)

Becauseitispassedfromfathertoson,themusichasnotchangedforeightcenturies.4)Lookedatfromadistance,theXishanHillsresembleasleepingbeauty.(when)

Whentheyarelookedatfromadistance,theXishanHillsresembleasleepingbeauty.

5)Completelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.(if)

Ifitwerecompletelyrebuilt,thetownwouldnotbesointeresting.Summary:thefunctionsofv-edformas

adverbials.过去分词(pastparticiples)或过去分词短语(pastparticipialphrases)作状语是英语中常见的语言现象，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。(1)作时间状语。如：

Seenfromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksbeautiful.从山顶上看，我们学校看起来很美。

Heated,liquidscanbechangedintogases.液体被加热会变成气体。 注意:作时间状语时,过去分词如果同时表被动和动作完成,常可换用现在分词的被动完成式;过去分词如果只表被动,不表完成,则不可与现在分词的被动完成式换用。如:Discussed(Havingbeendiscussed)manytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.在讨论了多次之后,问题终于解决了。(过去分词既表被动又表完成) Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。(过去分词只表被动)

相当于when引导的状语从句.如果两个动作同时发生,可在分词前用when,while等使其时间意义更明确(2)作原因状语。如: Attractedbythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.被自然美迷住了，来自伦敦的那个姑娘决定在农场再呆两天。

Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。(3)作条件状语。如：

Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。 相当于if,unless引导的从句。相当于as,since,because引导的从句,这类状语多放在句子前半部分。(4)作让步状语。如：

Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。

Exhaustedbytheclimbing,theoldmanwasdeterminedtogettothetopofthehill.尽管已经爬得筋疲力尽，那位老人决定爬到山顶。 相当于though,although引导的从句。(5)表方式或伴随情况。如：

Followedbysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.被一些官员跟随着,拿破仑视察了他的军队。

Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。 作状语表示方式或伴随情况时,过去分词可用并列句代替，如: Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.(=Hewasfollowedbythedog.)注意(1)过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语保持一致，它们之间存在着被动关系。如：

Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.若管理得好一些，这些树木会生长得更好些。(2)有时,为了明确时间、条件、让步或原因等,分词前面可加连词when,if,unless,once,although或副词如deeply,completely,greatly等。如：

Sugar,whenmixedwithwater,dissolvesquickly.糖与水混合很快就溶解。

Althoughtired,Imustgoonworking.我虽然累了，但必须继续干。(3)过去分词短语还可以和介词“with”或“without”连用。如：

Youshouldgotosleepwiththelightturnedoff.你应该把灯熄了再睡。

Withoutanythingleftinthekitchen,wedecidedtoeatout.厨房里没有剩下任何东西，我们决定出去吃。(4)如果分词的逻辑主语与所修饰的句子的主语不一致，就要有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构(theabsoluteconstruction)。如：

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假。

Moretimegiven,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbsinthebox.knowgiveinvitelosevisit1)When_____inspring,thehillsarecoveredwithflowers.2)______asoneoftheloveliestplacesinChina,Yunnanisnowvisitedbymanytourists.visitedKnownPractice3)____inthestreets,wedecidedtoaskforhelp.4)______intoaNaxihome,youshouldacceptwithpleasure.5)If_____somethingyoudon’twanttoeat,justrefusepolitely.givenInvitedLostCompletethefollowingsentences,usingthegivenwords.1)_____(face)withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.2)___(put)intouseinApril2004,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.FacedPut3)When______(offer)help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”4)“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_______(run)away.offeredrunningWritecompletesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.1.discover/onlyrecently/oldtown/be/stillveryquiet

Discoveredonlyrecently,theoldtownisstillveryquiet.2.visit/largenumbers/tourists/oldtown/cangetverycrowded(When)visitedbylargenumbersoftourists,theoldtowncangetverycrowded.3.build/side/mountain/village/be/veryattractive

Asitisbuiltonthesideofamountain,thevillageisveryattractive.4.cook/traditionalway/food/be/delicious(When)cookedinatraditionalway,thefoodisdelicious.TranslatethesentencesusingV-edform.(1)因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。(2)工作提前完成了，他非常满意。Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!Hewassatisfied,withtheworkfinishedaheadoftime.(3)教授走进了教室，学生跟在身后。(4)这样的机会一旦失去了，恐怕不会再来了。(5)他静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents.Oncelost,suchachancemightnevercomeagain.Hesattheresilently,(with)hiseyesfixedonthelake.Grammar(2)PhrasalverbsMatchthephrasalverbswiththeirmeanings.comeacrossmakeuphearofgoonputsb.upfallforthinkoverfallinlovewithrunintocontinueletsb.stayinyourhomeconsiderbeacertainpartofsth.knowaboutCompletethesentenceswiththephrasalverbsabove.1.Ifyou___________agoodbookonYunnan,canyoubuyitforme?2.I’ll_________yoursuggestionsbutI’mnotsureIagreewiththem.comeacrossthinkover3.AfriendofminewenttoYunnanand______aDaiwoman.They’remarriednow.4.IknowalotabouttheDaipeoplebutI’venever_______thecustom.fellforheardof5.Anoldmanofferedto____us__inhishouse.6.Non-Hanpeople________nearly30%ofYunnan’spopulation.7.I’msointerestedinwhatyou’resaying.Please_____.putsupmakeupgoonChoosethebestanswers.1.Itseemsdifficultto____“hurt”from“injure”inmeaning.A.judgeB.tellC.divide