虚拟语气课件【知识精讲精研】 高三英语二轮专题+

虚拟语气（mood）

Types1.If型2.类似if型3.Shoulddo型4.“跳层虚拟”语气

(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。

英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

语气直陈语气(indicativemood),表示所说的话是事实。祈使语气

(imperativemood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。虚拟语气(subjunctivemood)一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、愿望等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。语气分类虚拟语气概念（definition）练习（practice）类型（types）SubjectivemoodIf型Should+v型类似if型。。。。。。。。。混杂条件句(各自为准)Were,had,should提前，省略if1.一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。2.Itis（necessary，strange…）+that…wish/asif/ifonly2.Wouldrather3.Itis(high)timethat…4.Butfor/otherwise/without1.过去式2.过去完成3.could、would、might+v1.过去式2.过去完成should（不省）+v.过去式1.would,could,should,might+v2.would,could,should,might+havedoneinsistsuggestIfI____（be）afish,I_________inthewaterfreely.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.IfIwereyou,Iwouldproposetoher.IfI______(have)1million,I__________(buy)abiggerhouse.IfIcouldrearrangethealphabet,IwouldputUandItogether.If+主语+were/did+…,主语+would/should/might/could+do+…(1).对现在情况的虚拟：If型werewouldswimhad

wouldbuyif

引导的时态倒退虚拟条件状语从句

IfIhadfollowed

youradvice,IwouldhavepassedCET-6.IfI_________(have)thetimeyesterday,I________________(help)her.IfyouhadinvitedWealthorSuccess,theothertwoofuswould’vestayedout.If+S+haddone+…,S+would/should/might/could+havedone+…(2).对过去情况的虚拟：hadhad

wouldhavehelpedif

引导的时态倒退虚拟条件状语从句

IfI______(have)thetimetomorrow,I___________(help)him.Ifit________nextweek,we___________thesportsmeeting.Ifitweretorainnextweek,wewouldcancelthesportsmeeting.Ifitshouldrainnextweek,wewouldcancelthesportsmeeting.If+主语+weretodo/shoulddo/did+…,主语+would/should/might/could+do+…hadwouldhelprainedwouldcancel（3）.If对将来情况虚拟consolidation1.ifI____(have)thetimenow,I______(help)him.2.ifI_______(have)thetimeyesterday,I_________________(help)him.3.ifI_______________________(have)thetimetomorrow,I_________(help)him.4.ifI______(be)thePresident,I________(make)somechanges.hadwouldhelphadhadwouldhavehelpedhad/weretohave/shouldhavewouldhelpwerewouldmakeif

引导的时态倒退虚拟条件状语从句

时间If

条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设If+s+were/did+…S+would/should/might/could+do+…If+s+haddone+…S+would/should/might/could+havedone+…If+s+weretodo/shoulddo/did+…S+would/should/might/could+do+…考点一：省略if

前提条件：当if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中有had,were,should时。可以省略if,然后将had,were,should提到句首。IfIshouldwinthelottery,Iwouldbuyahouse.ShouldIwinthelottery,Iwouldbuyahouse.IfwehadlearnedEnglishwell,wewouldhavegoneabroad.HadwelearnedEnglishwell,wewouldhavegoneabroad..省略if

IfIwereamillionaire,Iwouldnottakeajob.WereIamillionaire,Iwouldnottakeajob.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,weshouldstayathomeWereittoraintomorrow,weshouldstayathome总结：省略if后的结构Had+主语+done+…,主语+wouldhavedone+…Should+主语+v.+…,主语+woulddo+…Were+主语+n./adj./todo+…,主语+woulddo+…考点二：if中混和虚拟语气Ifyouhadtakenthedoctor'ssuggestion,youwouldfeelbetternow.Ifyouknewmebetter,youwouldnothavesaidthat.

Types1.If型2.类似if型3.Shoulddo型4.“跳层虚拟”类似if型wish/asif/ifonly2.wouldrather3.Itis(high)timethat…4.butfor/otherwise/without1.过去式现在2.过去完成过去3.could、would、might+v将来1.过去式现在/将来2.过去完成过去should（不省）+v.过去式1.would,could,should,might+v2.would,could,should,might+havedone1.与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，从句谓语动词用一般过去式(did)。IwishIwerealittleyounger.IwishIcouldtraveltothemoon.IwishIknewhisaddress.2.与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时（haddone）IwishIhadbeenthere.IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.IwishIcouldhavegonewithyoutotheconcertlastnight.对现在的虚拟过去类似if型1.Wish“希望，祝愿”3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might+v.Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.Iwishyouwouldshut

up.Practice:IwishI___withyoutotheconcertlastnight.A.couldhavegoneB.wentC.couldgoD.havegonewish对将来的虚拟1.与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，从句谓语动词用一般过去式(did)。

eg:Ireallydonotcareforthewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.eg:Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.asif=asthough“似乎，好像”asif=asthough“似乎，好像”2.与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时（haddone）Eg:ItseemsasifhehadnotgonetoUSA.3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might+v.Eg；hetalksasifhewouldgoabroad.

注意：如果asif/asthough引导的从句中的情形是根据现在的迹象做出的推测，有可能发生，则用陈述语气。Eg:Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Eg:ItseemsasifhehasbeentoAmerica.Ifonlytherainwouldstop.但愿雨能停。IfonlyIweretaller.要是我的个子能高一点就好了。Ifonlyhehadfollowedyouradvice!他要是听从了你的建议就好了！Ifonly“但愿，要是。。。就好了”将来现在过去类似if型1总结wish/asif/ifonly1.与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，从句谓语动词用一般过去式(did)。

2.与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时（haddone）3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might+v.(1).wouldratherdosth.“主语宁愿自己做某事”Eg:Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.我想明天去那里。Eg:Hewouldratherstayathomethangotocinematonight.wouldratherdosth.…thandosth.“宁愿做某事，而不愿意做某事”注意：其否定形式为：wouldrathernotdosth.Eg:Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.

类似if型2.wouldrather“宁愿”2.wouldrather“宁愿”(2).wouldratherhavedonesth.含有虚拟意味“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”Eg:ItookSallytothecinemalastnight,butIwouldratherhavebeentherealone.我昨晚带丽萨看电影去了，可是我还不如自己一个人去呢。（但实际不是一个人去的）Eg:Iwouldratherhavehadonebreathofherhair,onekissofhermouth,onetouchofherhandthananeternitywithoutit.1.wouldrathersb.did“主语宁愿让另一个人做某事”注意:从句中谓语用did,但表示的是现在或将来的事件Eg:Donotcometomorrow.I'dratheryoucamenextweekend.Eg:shesaysshe‘dratherhelefttomorrowinsteadoftoday.wouldrather+从句用法（虚拟）2.wouldrathersb.haddonesth.“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”Eg:Iwouldratheryouhadn'tspokenrudelytoher.我希望你当时没有那么粗鲁地对她说话。Eg；Iwouldrathermyfatherhadgivenmeasetoftransformers.wouldrather+从句用法（虚拟）补充wouldrather=wouldsooner=wouldprefer=would(just)assoon“宁愿”用法一样。Eg:Iwouldjustassoonyouhadn'tspokenrudelytoher.我希望你当时没有那么粗鲁地对她说话。1.wouldrathersb.did“主语宁愿让另一个人做某事”2.wouldrathersb.haddonesth.“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”总结类似if型wouldrather的用法现在、将来过去Itis(high/the/very/about)timethat+从句（should+v./did）“是该做什么事的时候了”，含有“晚了一点”的意思。Eg:Donotdawdleawayyouryouthanymore.Itistimeyouthoughtaboutyourfuture.类似if型3Itis(high/the/very/about)timethat+从句（should+v./did）Itwas(high/the/very/about)timethat+从句（haddone）Itishightimethatwetookactionstoprotectourenvironment.Itwashightimethatwehadtakenactionstoprotectourenvironment.补充：类似if型3Butfor“要不是”Without“如果没有”1.butfor/withoutsth.,主句+woulddo(表对现在或者将来的虚拟)2.butfor/withoutsth.,主句+wouldhavedone（表对过去的虚拟）Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnothaveaccomplishedtheassignmentontime.（对过去虚拟）类似if型42.

Types1.If型2.类似if型3.Shoulddo型4.“跳层虚拟”在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句及主语从句中3.(should)+V.型虚拟语气句型Itisnecessary/strange/…that+从句3.Should+V.型一.名词性从句中用shoulddo表虚拟表示“命令”，“建议”,”要求”,”请求”的词引导的名词性从句中用（should）do

表虚拟一个坚持；insist两个命令;order;command三个建议:advise;suggest;propose五个要求:require;request;demand;desire;ask表命令：orderv./n.；orderedadj.commandv./n.;commandedadj.表建议:advisev.;advicen.;advisableadj.suggestv.;suggestionn.;suggestiveadj.Proposev.;proposaln.;propositionaladj.表要求；requirev.;requirementn.;requiredadj.requestv./n.;requestedadj.insistv./n.坚决要求；insistentadj.demandv./n.;demandedadj.虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中

注意:insist/suggest各有两意思，要用不同的语气①表“坚决要求”,虚拟,should+do;②表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。①表“建议”，虚拟,should+do;②表“表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________moreafterclass.（我们课后多练习）2.Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe________happy3.Heinsistedthatallofus___________thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）4.Heinsistedthathe_____________thewallet(没有偷钱包).insistsuggest(should)practisewasshouldbedidn’tsteal二.主语从句中

Itis+adj./n.+that+S.+（should)do

suggested,ordered,required,proposed.demanded;requested;insistedImportant,necessary,natural,imperative;strangeapity;ashame;nowonderItis++that(should)do3.Should+V.型

二.主语从句中Itis+adj./n.+that+S.+shoulddo+…Adj.:(1).表“命令，建议，要求”的词加上edEg；suggested;demanded…Itwassuggestedthatwe(should)gohomeearlier.(2).特殊adj.；important;necessary;essential;crucial;imperative;vital;natural;strange;urgent;astonishing;amazing;shocked;appropriate;preferable二.主语从句中(3).n.:advice;decision;desire;demand;suggestion;motion;pray;resolution;wish;preference;proposal;recommendation;requirement;idea;order;apity;ashame;nowonderForexampleItisrequestedthatallmembersbepresentatthemeeting.Itismyproposalthathe_______(send)tostudyfurtherabroad.

Itisimportantthatwe_________(learn)Japanesewell.Itisurgentthatthegovernmenttakethemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.shouldlearnbesent三.目的状语从句中”为了“forfearthatincasethatlestthatEg:Marytooktheumbrellaincaseitrain.3.Should+V.型总结3.(Should)+V.型

二.主语从句中

一.名词性