初中英语词组归纳

初中英语复习一词组归纳

abitexpensive有点贵

abottle/glassof一瓶/杯

afarmworker(=farmer)农民

alineofmountains一条山脉

amomentlater过了片刻

apieceofbread一块面包

aquarterto/pastsix六点差/过一刻

ared-letterday喜庆日子

atelephonecallforsb.某人的电话

abovezero零度以I:

agreewith同意某人

allbyoneself全靠自己..

abitexpensive有点贵

abottle/glassof一瓶/杯

afarmworker(=farmer)农民

alineofmountains一条山脉

amomentlater过了片刻

apieceofbread一块面包

aquarterto/pastsix六点差/过一刻

ared-letterday喜庆日子

atelephonecallforsb.某人的电话

abovezero零度以t

agreewith同意某人

allbyoneself全靠自己

allday一整天

allovertheworld全世界

alltheafternoon整个下午

allthesame同样地，都一样

allthetime一直

almostthewholeday几乎一整天

answerthetelephone接电话

Areweallhere?我们都到齐了吗

asquicklyasyoucan(你要)尽可能快

assoonasIcan/aspossible(我)尽可早

asusual与往常一样

atabadtimeofyear在年景不好时

atfirst起先

atlast最后

atnoon在中午

atonce立即

atone'sworkplace在工地

atschool在学校

atthe(third)crossing在第三个路口

attheback/frontoftheclassroom在教室的前/后头

atthebeginningof在...伊始

atthecinema在电影院

attheendof在…结束时

atthefootof在…(山)脚下

attheheadofthequeue(thefirstofqueue)在队伍的前头

atthemoment在止匕亥ij

atthesametime与时同时

atthesideofroad在路旁

atthistimeofyear在一年中的这时候

attimes不时

atwork在上班

BadLuck!倒霉

be(alittle)weakin...在・・・差/弱

beangrywith对…生气

bebadlyhurt受重伤

becoveredby/with山…覆盖

begoodatboating擅长划船

begoodorbadfor(one'shealth)对...有利/害

beintrouble处在困境,有麻烦

belatefor...迟到

bemadeof由…制作

beneckandneck与…齐头并进

beopen/closedatthistimeofday•天中的这时候开/关着

beterriblyill生重病

betherightsize尺寸合适

beusedfor=usedas被用来做

bewidelyused得到广泛运用

bewornout被穿破，累坏了

be/feelworriedabout对…担心

become/be/feelinterestedin对…感兴趣

beforethesunrose=beforeitwaslight在日出前

Bestwishes(for...)!谨祝…

Betterlatethanneve匚亡羊补牢(犹未迟)

breakdown(机器/车…)出故障

businesshours营业时间

bytheendof到…结束时

bytheway顺便说说

bythen到那时

callmeJimforshort简称我为Jim

CanItakeamessage我可以捎个话吗

Canyoudescribeit?你能描绘一下吗

Canyouspellit?你能拼写它吗

Canyoutellmethewayto...?你能告诉我去.…怎么走吗

can'twaittodo...迫不及待去做…

catchabus赶公车

catchacough/headache患感冒/头痛

catchupwith赶上

changeone'smind改变主意

Chinesetake-aways中餐/国外卖

ChristmasDay圣诞日

Classesareoverat5课5点结束

clothingshop成衣店

come/getback回来

Comealong=comeon.快点

comeandmeetsb.来见某人

comedown/uptheladder顺着楼梯下/上

comeroundthecomer从(街)角拐了过来

comeroundtodinner过来(我家)吃饭

comestraightto...径直…到跟前

comewithme=followme跟我来

Congratulations!(tosb.onsth.)祝贺(某人某事)

copyone'sexample模仿某人(样子)

cryharderandharder哭得越来越凶

cutdown砍倒

Didyouhaveagoodjourney?你旅途愉快吗

differentkindsof不同种类的

dohousework/homework做家务

doone'sbest尽某人所能

dothewashing/shopping洗洗涮涮

dowellin…做得好

DoyouknowtheEnglishfor...?你知道…英语怎么说?

Doyouwantago?你想试一试吗

Don'tcrowdaroundsb.别围观某人

Don*tworry.别担心

drawsomepictures画些图画

dressup(inaredcoat)打扮好

dropmaths数学没学好(drop)

earlyinthemorning大清早

eversince自从

everyfiveminutes每隔五分钟

everytimesb....每当某人...

eyeexercises(c.f.Exerciseisgoodfor...)眼保健操

fail(in)anexam考试不及格

fallasleep入睡

fallbehind落后

falloff从…掉下

fallover/down.倒下

familyname/fullnamegivenname=firstname姓/全名/名

familyphoto全家福（照片）faraway/furthestfrom…远离/离…更远

FatherChristmas圣诞老人

fellalittleafraidof/tired感觉有点害怕/累

fightabout为…而战

fill...with...用…装…

findone*swayto找到.…的去路

findout查明

fishandchips鱼条（店）

followsb.toseesth.跟着某人去做...

forexample例如

forlong（持续）很长时间

fromnowon从今以后

gatekeeper门房

getdown（fromatree）从…（树上）下来

getdressed穿好衣服

getonverywellwith与…相处很好/进展顺利

geton/offabus./getonwithsb.上/下公共汽车

getoutof/into（acar/lift）上/下小汽车/电梯

getreadyfor.../lost/warm...为…作好准备，迷路，变暖

getsb.sometea为…备好茶

getsth.back讨回

giveatalkon作…报告

giveone'sbestwishesto...向某人表示最良好的祝福

givesb.aring/=call给某人打电话

givesb.themessage给某人口信

givesth.back归还

Gladtosee/meetyou（again）!（彳艮）高兴见至lj你

goondoingsth.接着做…

goskating/shopping去滑冰/购物

gotohospital/sleepgotoseeadoctor去看病/入睡

growrice种稻米

Handsup/down!举起/放下手来

HappyNewYear!Thesametoyou!新年快乐！也祝你新年快乐

HappyTeachers*Day!教师节快乐

hatetravelling=hatetravelling讨厌旅行

haveabigsmile/ababy开怀大笑，生小孩haveadrinkoforange喝一些橙汁

haveaparty/pinic/swim/test/wash举办晚会/野餐/游泳/测试/洗澡

haveanaccident出事故

havebeautifulsunshineeveryday每天阳光灿烂

havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner/ameal吃早餐/午饭/晚饭/顿饭

haveourbigfamilyget-together我们一家子大团圆

Haveyoueverbeento...?你去过？

Haveyougotamoment?Edliketo…你有空吗？我想…

hearfromsb.收到…的信

helponeselfto请吃...

helpsb.withtheapple-picking/thewashing帮…采摘苹果/洗涮

Help!救命

Hereitis!/Hereyouare!给你

Here,（Let's）haveago.（让我们）试一下

He*soutatthemoment.此亥ij他夕卜出.holdasportmeeting举办运动会

holdon（theline）（foramoment）,please请稍等（别挂电话）

hometown家乡

HowcanIgetthere?我该怎么去哪儿

Howdoyouspellit?它怎么拼写

Howdoyouusuallycometoschool?你通常是怎么来学校的

Howfarisit?它（离这）有多远

Howmanyfloorsdoesthebuildinghave?这座建筑物有几层

Howtimeflies!时间过得多快

hundredsof几百个

hurryoff急着赶车

hurryup快点

Iamfeelingthirsty我感到渴

Idon'tfeelverywell/terrible.我身体不舒服

Idon'tthinkIwilltakeit（=haveit）我想我不会买

Ifeelthesame我也有同感

Ihadaquickbreakfast我很快吃完早饭Ihopeeverythinggoeswell.我希望一切顺利

Iliketokeepbusy.我喜欢忙碌

Itoldhimthewholestory我告诉他事情的始末

I'dlikeyoutomeet...我想你认识一下…

ifyouwish.如果你愿意

illinbed/hospital生病卧床/住院

Fmcomingnow.我马上就要来了

Fmsoglad我非常高兴

I'msorrytohearthat.听到这我很抱歉

Fmsorrytotroubleyou.很抱歉打扰你

inafewyear'stime过了一年时间

infrontof/inthefrontof在…前面/部

inline/queue（排成）一列/队

inredhat（戴）着红帽子

insurprise惊讶地

intheback/frontrow在后/前排

inthecentreofthetown在市中心

intheday-time在白天

intheend最终

inthemiddleoftheday=atnoon在中午

intheopenair/theolddays在户夕卜/在过去inthepicture在画上

inthetree(akite...)在树上

intime(for...)正赶上

in/around/allovertheworld在世界上/在全世界

Iseveryoneheretoday?每个人都来了吗

Itcomesandgoesveryquickly它来得急也去得快

Itfeelsstrangetohaveatwinsister.有个李生妹妹感觉怪怪的

itisharvesttime这是收获季节

Itwasadraw(=closegame)这是场拉据战

Itwasonlyajoke.这只是个玩笑

It's...meterslong/wide/deep/high.它是….米长/宽/深/高

It'sabadline.=1can'thearyouclearly.这(电话)线路不好

It'safinedayforawalk.这是个散步的好日子

Ifsapleasure.这是我乐意做的事(不用谢)

It'sabout...minutesbybike/onfoot.去…

骑车/步行…分钟

It'sabout30metersalongontheleft.它在前头30米靠左的地方

It'sbettertogivethantoreceive奉献比索取好

It'sgettinglate.时候不早了

It'sgoingtobewarmerlateron晚些时候天气将会暖和些

It'slikenewagain!(=inperfectcondition)它又象新的了

It'snothingserious.没什么大不了的事

It'sreallyniceofyou!你真好心(太感谢你了)

It*stimetogohome该回家了

It'syourturnnow.轮到你了

I'velivedhereallmylife.我在此住了一辈了

Eveneverheardofthatbefore!我从未听到这件事

I'venoidea.我不知道

JesusofChrist耶稣基督

jumpinto跳入

jumpthequeue插队

Justamoment,please./Justthen请稍等/就在那时

Justright.(=justsuitable)正好,正合适

keephealthy/fit保持身体健康

keepeverythingcleanandtidy保持一切F净整洁

keepondoing...坚持做...

keepone'seyesopen/closed保持眼睛睁开/闭着

keepone'seyessafe保持眼睛安全

kickagoal踢进一个球

knockat/...into.../down敲门/撞上/撞倒

laughatone'smistake嘲笑某人的错误

Leaguemember/match共青团员

learnbyoneself自学

leaveamessage留个口信

leavesb.byhimself让某人独处，不理会某人

leaveschool(c.f.school-leavers)毕业

Letmecallyournames.让我来点名

Letmehavealook?让我来看看

Letmesee.让我想想

country住在乡下

lookafter/for/out照顾/寻找/小心

lookaround=round环顾左右

lookatoneselfinamirror照镜子

lookintotheriver往河里看

looklike看起来象

lookover(=inspectorexamine)仔细查看

lookthesame看起来一样的

makeamistake犯错误

makefaces做鬼脸

makefriendswith与…交友

makeproblems.制造困难

makesb.stopcrying使...不再哭

makesurethatyou...确信你

maketea泡茶

maketelephonecalls打电话

man-madesatellite人造卫星

mapofChina中国地图

MayIseeyourticket?请出示你的(车)票好吗

mendone'sbike修自行车

MerryChristmas!圣诞快乐

moreorless/=orso差不多

move...away/on搬走/继续搬迁

Mrknow-all无所不知先生

NationalDay国庆节

neither...nor既不…也不

Nevermind.不要紧

Nicetalkingtoyou=Nicetomeetyou.高兴见到你

Nohurry!Pleasetakeyourtime!不急,慢慢来

nolonger不再

Nonewsisgoodnews.没有新闻就是好消息

Nophotos/Nosmoking/Exit/Entrance禁止拍照/吸烟/外出/进入

Noproblem!没问题

not...untilitwastoolate直到太迟了才要…

nothing(much/seriousiy)wrongwith...没什么大的毛病Oh,dear!天哪

on(the)earth究竟

onaTuesdaymorning在一个星期二的早上

onavisitto在访问…当中

onandon=continuously连续不断

onChristmasEve在圣诞夜

onfoot/duty/time步行/值日/准时

onone*swayto在去…的途中

onshow/=onexibition在展览中

Onthefirst1叩在第一棍(棒)时

ontheMid-AutumnDay在中秋节

ontheplayground在操场I：

ontheteam在…队中,是…队的成员

onthe/onefsright/left(handside)在左/右边

ontopof在…的顶上

onebyone/stepbystep一个接一个

Oneplayerdoesnotmakeateam.一个好的选手不等于一支好的(球队).

one'sworkstarts/finishesat6o'clock工作在6点时开始/结束

openyourbookatpage2打开书第二页

operateonsb.给某人动手术

P.E.(physicaleducation)体育课

passsth.ontosb.把…继续传递给…

payforsth.为…付款

peopleintheboat在小船中的人

pick...up拾起

pickapples摘苹果

place(s)ofinterest名胜

playgames/atrickon玩游戏/捉弄人

playwith玩弄

Pleasebecareful.请小心

pointat/to指着(向)

policestation警察局

populationproblem人口问题

postoffice邮局

prefer...to...喜欢…胜过...

pull...outof(upfrom)...把...拉/抽出

putonclothes穿上衣服

putsth.away把…收好

putsth.intherightplace把…放在该放在地方queuejumper插队的人

rainheavily下大雨

rightaway立即

rightnow就在现在

ringsb.up打电话给某人

Saythenumbers(count)数数

Schoolendedalittleealier.放学(比往常)早些.

Seeyounextterm.1学期再见

sellout售光了

sendsb.away把某人送走

sentupinspace把..送上太空

Shakehands.握手

ShallIbringfoodforapicnic?野餐我要不要带食物

shoppinglist采购清单

shoutto对…大声喊道

Sittingroom/waitingroom会客厅/候...室

sofar到现在为止

Soitgoeson,hourafterhour.就这样一个个小时地进行着

speakloudly大声说话

speakto找某人讲话

standinline/queue排成一，队

startone'shomework开始做作业

stayinbed呆在床上

stop...from(doingsth.)阻止…做…

summerholidays暑假

SummerlastsfromMaytoJuly.夏天是从五月至lj七月

sweepthefloor扫地

T(Pleasecome)thisway.Don'trush!请往这边走.别乱跑

take(enough)exercise做足够的运动

take(good)careof认真照顾

takealookatit看一看

takeoff脱下

takeone*sarm抓住某人的手

takeone'stemperature量体温

takesb.tohospital/adoctor带某人上医院/看病

takethefirstplace获第一名takethefourthturning(ontheright)=turnrightatthefourthturning第四个路口

(向右拐)

Takethemedicinetwiceaday.一天吃这种药二次

taketurnstodosth.轮流做什么

take-awayfood外卖食物

talkonandon谈个不停

teawithsugar加糖的茶

teach/enjoy/hurtoneself自学/玩得开心/伤害自己

teachsb.toreadandwrite教某人读书识字

telephonenumber电话号码

Thankgoodness!谢天谢地

Thankyouallthesame同样地感谢你

thanksto多亏,由于

Thatwouldbefine.这很好

That'sagoodidea!Whynot?Let's...这是个好主意.为何不去呢.

the100-metrerace百米赛跑

theapplesonthetree树上的苹果

thecityofLondon伦敦市

thedayaftertomorrow后天

thedaybeforeyesterday前天

thefollowingweek下一周

thehigh（long）jump跳高（远）

thelargestnumberof大多数的

Themore,thebetter.多多益善

thenextday第二天

therelayrace接力赛

thestarting/finishingline起跳线/终点线

thesunwillcomeoutlater太阳不久就会出来

Thetemperaturewillstayabovezero气温将会保持在零度以上

theUnitedNations（U.N.）联合国

thewayyouspeak你说话的方式/样子

Thereisaknockatthedoor.有人敲门

Thereisnotimetodo...没时间/来不及做什么

Therewasabigsmileonherface.她笑得很开心

thinkabout考虑

thisyearalone单就这一年

throw...onthefloor把…摔倒在地trafficlights交通灯

TreePlantingDay植树节

trysth.on/out试穿/试车（运行）

trythismedicine试用这种药

turn（theradio）down/up把（收音机）音量关小/开大

turngreen变/泛绿

turnoff/on打开/关掉

turnto转向

usealifttogoupanddown利用电梯上下（楼）

waitfor（one'sturn）等待轮到他

wakeup醒来

WewouldbetopoftheLeague我们是联赛的最佳队伍

wearcool/warmclothes穿薄/厚的衣服

weatherreport天气预报

Welcomebacktoschool欢迎回至U学校

Welcometoourfactory!欢迎来我厂（参观）

Welldone!=youaredoingfine/well.做得好

Whatapity!太可惜了

Whataboutsth.todrink?=Wouldyou

likesth.todrink?来点喝的怎么样

Whataretheoppositesofthewords?这些词的反义词是什么

WhatcanIdoforyou?你想买什么

Whatcoloris...?…是什么颜色

Whatdayistoday?/What'sthedatetoday?今天星期几/今天几号

Whatdidyouhaveforbreakfast?你早餐吃什么

Whatdoyouhavetodoaroundthehouse?你在家中要做什么（家务）

Whatdoyoumeanby...?你这是什么意思

Whatdoyouspeak?你说什么语言

Whathaveyoudonewith...?你把…怎么处理

WhatpartofEnglanddoyoucomefrom?你来自英国的什么地方

Whatrow/classaretheyin?她们在哪一排（班）

Whatsizedoyouwant?你要几号的尺寸

Whattimedidyouhaveameeting?你们是什么时候开会的

What*soneandten?1加10等多少

What'stheEnglishfor...?What'sthisinEnglish?…英语怎么说

What'sthepopulationof...?…人口有多少

What'sthetime?几点了

What*sthetrouble/matter/wrong?出了什么事

What'stheweatherlike?天气如何

Whenisyourbirthday?=Whenwereyouborn?你的生日是什么时候

Whereareyoufrom?你是哪里人

Whichisyourfavouritemonth?你最喜欢哪个月

Whoisondutytoday?今天谁值日

Whoseisthesweater?=Whosesweateristhis?这是谁的毛衣

Withpleasure.乐意（去）

withthehelpof借助于

Workmustcomefirst.工作为重

workonafarm在农场工作

worryabout为…担心

writesth.downonthelist把..在单子上写下

Youarewelcome.不用谢

Youcan'tmissit你不可能错过（看不到）

Youmustn^look.你不可以看Yoifdbetternotgotobedlate.你最好不要晚睡

YoungPioneers少先队员

YouYenevertoooldto...你做…永不为迟

10种最需要注意的时态考点归纳

作者：佚名来源：网络转载文章属性：学习方法所属学科：英语编号42

根据试题统计，动词语法占语法考题中的50%左右，其内容主要包括动词的时态、语态、要掌握英语的时

态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do,be,have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。现将各考点分别归纳如

下。

1.一般现在时

主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有。ften,always,from

timetotime等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。

Heusuallygoestoworkat7o'clockeverymorning.

ShehasabrotherwholivesinNewYork.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.

GuangzhouissituatedinthesouthofChina.

考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：

IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.

考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时，常用的引导词有：

时间：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/minute/day/year

条件：if,unless,providedIfheacceptsthejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.

考点三：在makesure(certain),seetoit,mind,care,matter+宾语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般

将来时。

Solongasheworkshard,Idon,tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.

只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。

考点四：在themorethemore…(越…越…)句型中，若主句是一般将来时:从句通常用一般现在

时。

Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultsyouwillget.

2.现在进行时

表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；与频率副词，如always,constantly,continually,again

等连用，表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。

WearehavingEnglishclass.Thehouseisbeingbuiltthesedays.

Thelittleboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.

考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。

Lookoutwhenyouarecrossingthestreet.

Don'twakehimupifheisstillsleepingat7tomorrowmorning.

考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。

MarryisleavingonFriday.

3.现在完成时

表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时

有一些标志性的时间状语。

考点一：for+时间段；since+时间点

TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.

TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.IhavelearnedEnglishfortenyears.

考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately,recently,just,already,yet,uptonow;tillnow;sofar,thesedays

Hasitstoppedrainingyet?

考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。

inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days,overthepastfewyears,duringthelastthreemonths,forthelast

fewcenturies,throughcenturies,throughouthistory等

Inthepast30yearsChinahasmadegreatadvancesinsocialistconstruction.

考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“Itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名词+that”后面用现

在完成时。

ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.Thatistheonlybookthathehaswritten.

ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.

4.一般过去时

表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。

常与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,

lastweek,in1945,atthattime,once,duringthewar,before,afewdaysago,when。

考点一：usedto+do表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式符号，后接动词原

形。

比较：be/become/getusedto+doing表示习惯于

Heusedtosmokealot.Hehasgotusedtogettingupearly.

考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。

Hepromisedtobuymeacomputerifhegotaraise

5.过去进行时

表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。

Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.

Hewastakingawalkleisurelybythelakewhenheheardsomeoneshoutedforhelp.

Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?

Theradiowasbeingrepairedwhenyoucalledme.

6.过去完成时

表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的

参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用。

Therehadbeen25parksinourcityuptill2000.

Bytheendoflasttermwehadfinishedthebook.

Theyfinishedearlierthanwehadexpected.

考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when;nosooner...than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.

Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.

NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanthetelephonerang.（注意彳到装）

考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时•，从句用过去完成时。

Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.

考点三：动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、

打算和意图。

IhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.IhadintendedtoseeyoubutIwastoobusy.

7.一般将来时

表示在将来某个时间发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow,nextyear,in2008等表示将来的时间状语连用,

其表现形式多达5种。

考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中。

Wewillbeginourclassassoonastheteachercomes.

（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）

考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。

IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.

考点三：“祈使句+and/or+句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。

Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.

考点四："begoingto+动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。

"beaboutto+动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。

“beto+动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事.

TheyaretobemarriedinMay.

8.将来进行时

表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。

r11bedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow.明天这会我正在写作业。

ThePresidentwillbemeetingtheforeigndelegationattheairport.

9将来完成时

表示在将来某时刻之前业一完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。

考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来时间，如：bytheendofthisyear,by8o*clockthisevening,

byMarchnextyear以及由bythetime…，before或when等引导的从句。

Bytheendofnextmonth,hewillhavetraveled1000milesonfoot.

Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrainwillhaveleft.

BynextTuesday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexams.

考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。

Thechildrenwilldotheirhomeworkthemomenttheyhavearrivedbackfromschool.

10.动词的语态

•般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语动词的语态•般不单独考，而是和时

态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，需要注意以下考点。

考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组

cometrue,consistof,takeplace,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,breakout,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,

exist,fail,succeed

Ittookplacebeforeliberation.

考点二：卜列动词的主动语态表示被动意义，而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用：lock,wash,

sell,read,wear,blame,ride,write

Glassbreakseasily.玻璃容易破碎。Thecarridessmoothly.这车走起来很稳。

Thecaselockseasily.这箱子很好锁。Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销。

考点三：一些常用经典被动句型

Itissaid***,ItisreportedItiswidelybelieved-,,,Itisexpected•・•，Itisestimated,,,,

这些句子一般翻译为“据说…”，“人们认为…,，，而“以前人们认为…”则应该说：Itwasbelieved…,It

wasthought…。

英语常见的修辞格

作者：佚名来源：网络转载文章属性：学习方法所属学科：英语编号43

Figuresofspeech（修辞）arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheir

ordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidto

bespeakingorwritingfiguratively.Nowwearegoingtotalkaboutsomecommonformsoffiguresofspeech.

1）Simile：（明喻）Ilisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingat

leastonequalityorcharacteristic（特性）incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlike

areusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Forexample,Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,so

isgoodnewsfromafarcountry.

2）Metaphor：（暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikea

simile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,theworldisastage.

3）Analogy:（类比）Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyuses

comparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveral

commonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.

4）Personification:（拟人）Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes（赋予）

toinanimate（无生命的）objects,ortoideasandabstractions（抽象）.Forexample,thewindwhistledthroughthe

trees.

5）Hyperbole:（夸张）Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.For

instance,healmostdiedlaughing.

6）Understatement:（含蓄陈述）Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,oroverstatement.Itachievesitseffectof

emphasizingafactbydeliberately（故意地）understatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatis

merelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Forinstance,Itisnolaughingmatter.

7）Euphemism:（委婉）Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive（无冒犯）expressionforonethat

mayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,wereferto"die"as“passaway".

8）Metonymy（转喻）Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonething

forthatofanother.Forinstance,thepen（words）ismightierthanthesword（forces）.

9）Synecdoche（提喻）Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.For

instance,theysaythere'sbreadandworkforall.Shewasdressedinsilks.

10）Antonomasia（换喻）Ithasalsotodowithsubstitution.Itisnotoftenmentionednow,thoughitisstillin

frequentuse.Forexample,Solomonforawiseman.Danielforawiseandfairjudge.Judasforatraitor.

11）Pun:（双关语）Itisaplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords.Forinstance,a

cannon-balltookoffhislegs,sohelaiddownhisarms.（HereHarms"hastwomeanings:aperson'sbody;weapons

carriedbyasoldier.）

12）Syllepsis:（一语双叙）Ithastwoconnotations.

Inthefirstcase,itisafigurebywhichaword,oraparticularformorinflectionofaword,refersto

twoormorewordsinthesamesentence,whileproperlyapplyingtooragreeingwithonlyonofthemingrammar

orsyntax徇法）.Forexample,Headdressedyouandme,anddesiredustofollowhim.（Hereusisusedtoreferto

youandme.）

Inthesecondcase,itawordmayrefertotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence.Forexample,while

hewasfighting,andlosinglimbandmind,anddying,othersstayedbehindtopursueeducationandcareer.（Here

tolosingone'slimbsinliteral;toloseone'smindisfigurative,andmeanstogomad.）

13）Zeugma:（短式搭配）Itisasinglewordwhichismadetomodifyortogoverntwoormorewordsinthe

samesentence,witherproperlyapplyinginsensetoonlyoneofthem,orapplyingtothemindifferentsenses.For

example,Thesunshallnotbumyoubyday,northemoonbynight.（Herenoonisnotstrongenoughtobum）

14）Irony:（反语）Itisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,the

intendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.Forinstance,wearelucky,whatyousaid

makesmefeelrealgood.

15）Innuendo:（暗讽）Itisamildformofirony,hintinginaratherroundabout（曲折）wayatsomething

disparaging（不一致）oruncomplimentary（不赞美）tothepersonorsubjectmentioned.Forexample,the

weathermansaiditwouldbeworm.Hemusttakehisreadingsinabathroom.

16）Sarcasm:（讽刺）ItSarcasmisastrongformofirony.Itattacksinatauntingandbittermanner,andits

aimistodisparage,ridiculeandwoundthefeelingsofthesubjectattacked.Forexample,lawsarelikecobwebs,

whichmaycatchsmallflies,butletwaspsbreakthrough.

17）Paradox:（似非而是的隽语）Itisafigureofspeechconsistingofastatementorpropositionwhichon

thefaceofitseemsself-contradictory,absurdorcontrarytoestablishedfactorpractice,butwhichonfurther

thinkingandstudymayprovetobetrue,well-founded,andeventocontainasuccinctpoint.Forexamplemore

haste,lessspeed.

18）Oxymoron:（矛盾修饰）Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoining（结合）oftwocontrasting,

contradictoryorincongruous（不协'调）termsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaos（¥昆舌L）andproud

humility（侮辱）.

19）Antithesis:（对照）Itisthedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructural

formstoachieveemphasis.Forexample,speechissilver;silenceisgolden.

20）Epigram:（警句）Itstatesasimpletruthpithily（有利地）andpungently（强烈地）.Itisusuallyterseand

arousesinterestandsurprisebyitsdeepinsightintocertainaspectsofhumanbehaviororfeeling.Forinstance,

Few,savethepoor,feelforthepoor.

21）Climax:（渐进）ItisderivedfromtheGreekwordfor"ladder“andimpliestheprogressionofthoughtat

auniformoralmostuniformrateofsignificanceorintensity,likethestepsofaladderascendingevenly.For

example,Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.

22）Anti-climaxorbathos:（突降）ItistheoppositeofClimax.Itinvolvesstatingone'sthoughtsina

descendingorderofsignificanceorintensity,fromstrongtoweak,fromweightytolightorfrivolous.Forinstance,

Butthousandsdie,withoutorthisorthat,die,andendow（赋予）acollege,oracat.

23）Apostrophe：（顿呼）Inthisfigureofspeech,athing,place,ideaorperson（deadorabsent）isaddressed

asifpresent,listeningandunderstandingwhatisbeingsaid.Forinstance,England!awake!awake!awake!

24）TransferredEpithet:（转类形容词）Itisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet（anadjectiveordescriptive

phrase）istransferredfromthenounitshouldrightlymodify（修饰）toanothertowhichitdoesnot