中考基础【全国一等奖】

动词类单词、词组辨析★1.accept，receive【辨析】receive通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”，而accept则指主动地“接受”。注意：receive也可表“接受”，如：receive/getabettereducation，意为“接受更好的教育”。【举例】Wehaven’treceivedhisletterforalongtime.我们很久没有收到他的来信了。Sheofferedhimaliftandheaccepted(it).她请他坐她的车，他领情了。【演练】()1.OnmytwentiethbirthdayI_______severalgifts.A.getB.acceptedC.receivedD.took()2.Hecouldn’t_______oursuggestionsbutourgifts.A.acceptB.receiveC.acceptedD.expectedCA()3.Hedidnot_______agoodeducationatuniversity.A.acceptB.receiveC.receivedD.got()4.She_______hispresent，butshedidn’t_______it.A.accepted;receiveB.received;acceptC.receives;acceptD.accepts;receivedBB★2.advise，suggest【辨析】两者都是动词，都表示“向……建议”。两者的区别在于：advise的固定搭配是advisesb.(not)todo建议某人(别)做；suggest的固定搭配是suggest(sb.)doing或suggestone’sdoing建议(某人)做。当然它们都可以接宾语从句，但宾语从句的动词形式必须是(should)(not)do…【举例】Iadvisemyfathertostopsmoking.我建议我爸爸戒烟。Isuggestmyfather(father’s)stoppingsmoking.我建议我爸爸停止吸烟。Iadvise/suggest(that)myfather(should)stopsmoking.我建议我爸爸不再吸烟。【演练】()1.Thedoctoradvisedme_______.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.don’tsmokeD.nottosmoke()2.Hesuggested_______awalkwithmygrandma.A.tookB.totakeC.takingD.metotakeDC()3.Thehusbandsuggested_______tothesouth,buthiswifeadvisedhim_______uptheidea.A.moving;givingB.tomove;togiveC.moving;togiveD.tomove;givingC★3.agreewith，agreeto【辨析】agree意为“同意”，其反义词为disagree。(1)agreewithsb./sth.表示“同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等(即持同一观点)”。(2)agreetosth.意为“同意某事”，agreeto后接建议、计划、安排(suggestion，advice，plan，arrangement)等。(3)agreetodosth.(此时to是不定式符号，后接动词原形构成不定式)，意为“同意做某事”。【举例】Iquiteagreewithyou.我完全同意你(的意见)。Heagreedtotheplan.他同意了这个计划。Weagreedtoleaveearly.我们同意早点出发。【演练】()1.Doyouthinkhewill_______mysugges-tion？A.agreetoB.agreestoC.agreewithD.agreeswith()2.Herparentsboth_______whatshesaid.A.agreetoB.agreedwithC.agreeswithD.agreedto()3.Iagree_______swimmingtomorrow.A.togoB.togoingC.withgoD./ABA★4.beableto，can【辨析】两者都表示“能；会”，后面都接动词原形。beableto有人称、时态及数的变化，可以用于任何时态。而can没有人称或数的变化，但有一个过去时形式could，相当于was/wereableto，也可以表示现在的能力，相当于is/am/areableto。注意：beableto可以用于不定式；当表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事时要用beableto，而不能用can；表猜测时要用can,而不能用beableto。【举例】Hecan/isabletospeakGerman.他会说德语。Icould/wasabletodressmyselfwhenIwas10monthsold.我十个月时就会自己穿衣服。Kittywillbeabletoarriveontimeifsherunsfastenough.如果凯蒂跑得够快，她就能准时到达。Hehasnotbeenabletocomesincehegothurt.自从受伤以后，他就一直未能前来。Thatcan’tbeyourbag.那不可能是你的书包。【演练】()1.Theywill_______tellyouthenewssoon.A.abletoB.beabletoC.canD.areableto()2.—You_______usemydictionary.—Thankyou.A.canB.areabletoC.wereabletoD.couldBA()3.Somebodyisknockingatthedoor.Who_____itbe?A.isabletoB.couldC.canD.can’t()4.I_______swimtothebankaftertheboatturnedover.A.amabletoB.canC.wasabletoD.canableto()5.—CouldIborrowyourpen?—Sure,you_______.A.canB.couldC.can’tD.areabletoCCA★5.borrow，lend，keep【辨析】(1)borrow意为“借进”，borrowsth.fromsb./sw.表示“向某人/从某处借入某物”。(2)lend意为“借出”，是borrow的反义词，lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.表示“借出某物给某人”。(3)keep意为“保留；借”，borrow，lend表示的“借”是短暂性的，而keep表示的是持续性的。keepsth.＋时间段表示“借某物多长时间”，常用于完成时态。【举例】CanIborrowyourpen?我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗？Doyouoftenborrowbooksfromthelibrary?你经常从图书馆借书吗？Canyoulendmeyourpen?把你的钢笔借给我好吗？Youmustn’tlendittoothers.你一定不要把它借给别人。Hehaskeptthesebooksfortwoweeks.他借这些书两周了。—HowlongcanIkeepthebook?这本书我可以借多久？—Twoweeks.两周。【演练】()1.Youcan_______myiPodforfourdays.A.lendB.borrowC.keepD.get()2.Thanksfor_______methemoney.A.borrowingB.lendingC.keptD.lentCB()3.Joseph_______hisguitartoBettylastFriday.A.lentB.lendedC.borrowsD.kept()4.Daisy_______abookfromhercousinandshehas_______itforthreeweeks.A.borrowed;lentB.borrowed;keptC.lent;keptD.lends;borrowedAB★6.develop,developing,developed,development【辨析】(1)develop意为“发展；开发”，既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。(2)developing意为“发展中的”，为现在分词，起形容词的作用，表示主动含义。(3)developed意为“发达的”，为过去分词，起形容词的作用，表示被动含义。(4)development意为“发展”，用作名词。【举例】Thechildisdevelopingwell.这孩子发育得很好。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.中国是一个发展中国家。Japanisadevelopedcountry.日本是一个发达国家。Educationisimportanttoachild’sdevelop-ment.教育对一个孩子的发展至关重要。【演练】()1.Weshould_______thestudents’abilitytosolveproblems.A.developB.developmentC.developedD.developing()2.Whatareyourplansforthe_______ofyourcompany?A.developedB.developingC.developD.developmentAD()3.Indiaisa_______country，whileAmericaisa_______one.A.developed;developedB.developing;developingC.developing;developedD.developed;developingC★7.die，dead，death，dying【辨析】(1)die是瞬间动词，意为“死；死去”，表示生命的结束，不能用于被动语态，也不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。(2)dead是形容词，意为“死的”，在句中可以充当定语或表语。(3)death是名词，意为“死亡”。(4)dying可作die的现在分词，也可作形容词，意为“奄奄一息的；濒临死亡的”。【举例】Hisfatherdiedlastweek.上周他父亲去世了。Hefoundadeadbirdinthegarden.他在花园里发现了一只死鸟。Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfortwoyears.他的祖父逝世已经有两年了。(注：bedead可以与时间段连用，而die则不可以。此句若用die改写则为：Hisgrandpadiedtwoyearsago.他的祖父两年前去世了。)Shecriedoutafterknowingherhusband’sdeath.得知她丈夫的死讯后，她失声痛哭。Thedyingmanwassavedbyakindheartedlady.那个奄奄一息的男人被一位好心的女士救了。Ithinkhisdogisdying.我认为他的狗快要死了。【演练】()1.Thinkingofthe_______ofmygrand-father，Ifeelverysad.A.deadB.dieC.deathD.died()2.Whocansavethe_______dog？A.deadB.dyingC.diedD.dieCB()3.Thepoorman_______lastnight.A.wasdeadB.isdyingC.deadD.died()4.Thecathas_______fortwodays.A.diedB.beendiedC.beendeadD.deathDC★8.diefrom，dieof，dieout【辨析】(1)diefrom和dieof均表示“因……而死”，所接宾语均表示死亡的原因。具体使用时，dieof指死于(疾病、感情、饥寒等)自身原因；diefrom一般指死于(事故、外伤等)外部原因。若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则用of和from均可。(2)dieout意为“(家族、物种等)灭绝；绝迹”。【举例】Mr.Liudiedfromanearthquake.刘先生死于一场地震。Nowadaysmanypeopledieofcancer.如今很多人死于癌症。Manykindsofanimalsareindangerofdyingout.许多动物种类都处于濒临灭绝的危险中。【演练】()1.MissLin_______heartdiseaselastspring.A.diedofB.diedfromC.diedoutD.dieddown()2.Humanbeingsmay_______onedayiftheycontinuetodestroytheenvironment.A.dieoutB.dieofC.dieinD.diefromAA()3.Eachyear,manypeople_______trafficaccidents.A.diefromB.dieofC.dieoutD.diedownA★9.getto，arrivein/at，reach【辨析】三者均可表示“到达”。get表“到达”时是不及物动词，后接表示地点的名词时要与介词to连用，即“getto＋地点”。arrive表“到达”时也是不及物动词，后接地点名词时要借助介词in或at，即“arrivein＋大地点，arriveat＋小地点”。reach表“到达”时是及物动词，后面直接接表示地点的词。注意：(1)get，arrive后接表示地点的副词(如here，there，home等)时，不需要任何介词作为媒介。(2)到达的地点在句中没有出现时，只能单独使用arrive。【举例】Hegottothestopat5:00o’clockthisafternoon.他今天下午五点到站的。HearrivedinBeijingyesterday.他昨天到达了北京。Whenhearrivedatthestop,thebushadleft.当他到达公共汽车站时，公交车已经开走了。WhendoesthetrainreachLondon?火车什么时候到达伦敦？WhenIgotthere,thefilmhadbeenonfor5minutes.当我到那里时，电影已经上映五分钟了。—Whendidyouarrive？你什么时候到的？—Threedaysago.三天前(到的)。【演练】()1.Sadlywe______thefactoryfiveminuteslate.A.gotB.arrivedinC.reachD.arrivedat()2.Whendidhe_______homeyesterday？A.arrivedB.gettoC.reachD.getsDC()3.Whatwereyoudoingwhenthesandstorm________？

A.arrivedB.reachedC.gottoD.arrivedin()4.Thekiteisinthetree.Canyou_______it?A.gettoB.arriveatC.reachD.reachinAC★10.happen，takeplace【辨析】两者都可表示“发生”。happen意为“意外、偶然、未能预见地发生”，常见搭配有sb.happentodosth.“某人碰巧做某事”和sth.happentosb./sth.“某事意外发生在某人/某事身上”。takeplace意为“按事先计划或有预谋地发生/举行”。注意：与happen搭配的往往是accident，crash，earthquake，tsunami(海啸)等；与takeplace搭配的往往是murder，sportsmeeting，party，celebration，marriage等。此外，happen,takeplace往往不用于被动语态。【举例】IhappenedtomeettwoforeignersfromArgentinaonthemountainyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午我碰巧在山上遇见了两位来自阿根廷的外籍人士。Cindylooksupsetthesedays.Whathappenedtoher？辛迪这几天看起来很沮丧。她怎么了？AhorriblemurdertookplaceonJuly22，2009.2009年7月22号发生了一起可怕的谋杀案。【演练】()1.Whendidtheearthquake_______？A.takeplaceB.happenC.happeningD.tookplace()2.In1919，theMay4thMovement_______inChina.A.tookplaceB.happenedC.willhappenD.wastakingplaceBA()3.Greatchanges_______inthetownsince1998.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace()4.I_______toseehimonmywayhome.A.tookplaceB.happenedC.happeningD.takeplaceAB★11.havebeento，havebeenin，havegoneto【辨析】(1)have/hasbeento强调“曾经去了某个地方，此时人已经不在那里了”，后常接次数，如once，twice，threetimes等，也可和just，never，ever等连用。

(2)have/hasbeenin表示“在某地待了多长时间”，常与时间段状语for…/since…ago等连用。(3)have/hasgoneto强调“去了某个地方”，现在人可能在去的途中或已经在那个地方了，总之不在说话者处，上下文中往往出现Whereissb.？/Haveyouseensb.recently？/sb.willbebackin…之类的暗示语。注意：当它们后面接表示地点的副词(如here，there，home等)时，要省略介词in，to。【举例】MyfatherhasbeentoBeijingtwice.我父亲去过北京两次。IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.我到上海已有三年了。—WhereisJim？吉姆在哪里？—HehasgonetoEngland.他去英国了。You’veneverbeentherebefore，haveyou？你从来没有去过那里，是吗？【演练】()1.He_______Beijing.Hewillcomebackintendays.A.hasbeentoB.havegonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasgoneto()2.—Howmanytimeshaveyou_______Paris？—Onlyonce.A.beeninB.gonetoC.gotoD.beentoDD()3.—Howlonghaveyou_______thiscity？—Formorethantenyears.A.stayinB.beeninC.beentoD.cometo()4.—Longtimenosee.Wherehaveyou_______？—IwasonatriptoAustralia.A.beenB.gonetoC.goneD.comefromBA★12.hearof，hearabout，hearfrom【辨析】hearof与hearabout的意思相近，这两个词组在英语中有时可以通用。hearof意为“听说过；听到；提起某事”，直接指其对象。hearabout意为“听到、得知关于某人或某事的消息”，比hearof知道得更详细、具体。hearfrom通常接表示人的名词或代词，意为“收到……的信；收到……的电报；得到……的消息”。【举例】Ihaveneverheardofhimsinceheleft.自从他离开后，我再也没有听到过他的消息。I’vejustheardabouthisillness.我刚听说他生病的事。Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehetelephoned.自从那次他来电话后，我一直没有收到过他的来信。【演练】()1.I’vejust_______hispromotion.A.hearaboutB.heardfromC.hearofD.heardabout()2.Wedon’tknowthesinger，andwe’venever_______her.A.heardofB.hearaboutC.heardfromD.heardDA()3.—Howoftendoyou_______yourgrand