tpo31听力题目解析及精确section

Student&ApointaboutsouthernsettlementsthatthestudentdidnotAproblemwithanassignmentoncolonialshipReasonswhythestudentpreferstowriteapaperrelatestoAnaspectofcolonialsettlementsthestudentwantstoD.AnaspectofcolonialsettlementsthestudentwantstoYeah.Butnow,IseethatIprobablyneedtocomeupwithanewpapertopic.Actually,therewasoneotherideaIhad.IhavebeenthinkingaboutngsomethingaboutcommunitynningintheearlyBritishsettlementsinEasternNorthAmerica.Whatistheprofessor’sopinionaboutthestudent’sinterestinHethinksthestudent’sfocusonarchitecturepreventsherfrombroadening.HethinksitmaycontributetoherproducinganinterestingresearchHehopesshewillchoosetomajorinbothhistoryandHesthatitmaynotprovideherwiththenecessarybackgroundforthepapersheiswriting.B.Hethinksitmaycontributetoherproducinganinterestingresearch...ButIthink,youknow,foracareer,architectureismoreforThat'sgreat.l'vegottensomeverythought-provokingpapersfromstudentswhoseinterestsgobeyondhistory.That’sgreatbroadening...”和D“”.教授随后用其他在历史学意外的学生写的“引人深思的”来做个对照。意味着该生的建筑学同样可以帮助她写出吸引人的文章。WhatdoestheprofessorwantthestudenttodowhentheywritetheirShowaconnectionbetweenhistoryandanotherfieldinwhichtheyareDeveloparesearchtopicthathasnotbeeninvestigatedExinhowanaspectofUnitedStatesculturehaschangedoverDescribeearlydifferencebetweenregionsoftheUnitedD.DescribeearlydifferencebetweenregionsoftheUnited...Butanyway...uh...developmentinthecoloniesdifferedgreatlydependingongeography.IamlookingforpapersthathaveideasaboutsomethingthathappenedonewayintheNortherncolonieshappenedadifferentwayintheSoutherncolonies.意愿语气处：Iamlooking分析教授说“殖民地的发展根据地理差异呈不同的状态”，他希望看到有关“南北殖民地不同情 。对应D选项“不同地区早期的差异”。WhydoestheprofessormentionmedievalTopointoutanimportantdifferenceEuropeandtheUnitedTointroduceareasonthatthefirstEuropeansettlersmovedtoNorthToindicatethestyleofcommunitynningfollowedbyinthenorthernTopointoutthaturbannninghaschangedconsiderablysincethemedievalC.Toindicatethestyleofcommunitynningfollowedbyinthenorthern...Actually,themodelfornningatowninthenortherncolonieswasnotunlikethemodelforthedevelopmentoftownsinmedievalEurope.Afterall,thecolonistshadjustcomefromEuropeandthemedievalperiodwasjustending.否定not+unlike= WhatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutstorageandportTheywereoneindicatoroftheemphasisputontradeinthesouthernTheywereasignofsomethingthenorthernandsoutherncolonieshadinTheyweremultipurposefacilitiesalsousedforcommunityTheyweredesignedtobesimilartothosefoundinTheywereoneindicatoroftheemphasisputontradeinthesouthern...IntheSouth,atleastinitially,theydidn'tbuildtownssomuchastheybuilttradingThat'sright.MostofthesettlersintheNorthwantedtostartawholenewlife.ButmostofthepeoplewhocamefromEuropetotheSouthjustwantedtomakesomemoneyandthengoback.Itisnotsurprisingthatsomeofmostcommonbuildingswerestoragefacilitiesandportfacilities.否定处否定（强调）：Itisnotsurprisingthat教授首先肯定了学“南方不建城镇而建站But 后面作进一步解释也是结尾“仓库和港口设施是最常见建筑的原因因“大部分欧洲人到南方只是想要赚钱然后离开。到南只做贸易钱要的是库和港口不规城建设所以库和港是贸的表强调的南殖地易重要性对应A项。ListentopartofaconversationbetweenastudentandherUnitedStatesHistorySo,Amanda,you'veaskedalotofquestionsabouttradeduringthecolonialperiodoftheUnitedStates.Hasourdiscussionclarifiedthingsforyou?Well,yeah,butnow,Ithinkwritingabouttradeformypaperisn'tgoingtoOh,soyourquestionsaboutshiprouteswereforyourresearchYeah.Butnow,IseethatIprobablyneedtocomeupwithanewpapertopic.Actually,therewasoneotherideaIhad.IhavebeenthinkingaboutngsomethingaboutcommunitynningintheearlyBritishsettlementsinEasternNorthAmerica.Oh,OK.Iamcurious.Whyareyouinterestedinngsomethingoncommunitynningincolonialtimes?Well,Iammuchmoreintoarchitecture.lt'smymajorandImean,nningoutatownorcitygoesalongwiththat.Imean,notthatIdon'tlikehistory...laminterestedinhistory...reallyinterested...ButIthink,youknow,foracareer,architectureismoreforme.That'sgreat.l'vegottensomeverythought-provokingpapersfromstudentswhoseinterestsgobeyondhistory.OK.Butforthepaperyouwantedustotrytoincludeacomparison,Yes.Actually,thatwasreallythepurposeoftheassignment.ThewaytheUnitedStatesdevelopedorperhapsIshouldsaythecolonies,sincethelandthatwould etheEasternUnitedStates...uh...therewereBritishcoloniestherefourhundredyearsago.Butanyway...uh...developmentinthecoloniesdifferedgreatlydependingongeography.IamlookingforpapersthathaveideasaboutsomethingthathappenedonewayintheNortherncolonieshappenedadifferentwayintheSoutherncolonies.IsthattrueintermsofurbanVerytrue.TownsintheNortherncolonieswerecentralizedandcompact.Theyprovidedameetingpointforexchanginggoods,forparticipatoryernment,andforpracticingreligion.Houseswouldbebuiltalongtheroadsthatledintotown.Andjustoutsidethedevelopedarea,therewouldusuallybeanopenfieldofsomesortforgrazinganimalsandalsogroupactivities.Actually,themodelfornningatownintheNortherncolonieswasnotunlikethemodelforthedevelopmentoftownsinmedievalEurope.Afterall,thecolonistshadjustcomefromEuropeandthemedievalperiodwasjustending.MedievalEurope.ButwhatabouttheSouth?IfIremembercorrectly...IntheSouth,atleastinitially,theydidn'tbuildtownssomuchastheybuilttradingposts.That'sright.MostofthesettlersintheNorthwantedtostartawholenewlife.ButmostofthepeoplewhocamefromEuropetotheSouthjustwantedtomakesomemoneyandthengoback.Itisnotsurprisingthatsomeofmostcommonbuildingswerestoragefacilitiesandportfacilities. WhatisthemaintopicoftheThehistoryofGreekmusicfromancienttimestotheTheinfluenceofancientGreekmusiconthemusicofneighboringThecharacteristicsofancientGreekTheattitudeoftheancientGreektowardD.TheattitudeoftheancientGreektowardWell,todayIwanttostarttalkingaboutwesternmusicandIamgoingtostartinancientGreece.But,nowhere'sthepartthat'sdifferent.We'renotgoingtotalkverymuchabouttheactualmusic.Instead,wearegoingtotalkaboutwhattheGreeksbelievedabout转折处：But,教授一开始在回顾往期的课程，But转折后出现这次课程的重点，教授说“但现在这是不同于其他的部分。我们并备讲真正的音乐本身，来讨论希腊人对音乐的看法”对应D选项，“希腊人对音乐的态度或看法”。Whattworeasonsdoestheprofessorgiveforapproachingthelecturematerialashedoes?Clickon2WehavealimitedideaofwhatancientGreekmusicsoundedGreekmusicsharedmanycharacteristicswithothertypesofancientGreekmelodieswereadmiredbymusiciansfromotherWehavealimitedideaofwhatancientGreekmusicsoundedNow,therearesomeverygoodreasonstoapproachthematerialinthisway.First,well,wedon'thaveverymuchancientGreekmusicstudied.Onlyabout45piecessurvived...uh...thesearemostlyrecordsofpoemsandsongs.Andwearenotsurehowwellwecanreproducethemelodiesorrhythms,becausetheywereapparentlyimprovisedinmanycases.Sowereallydon'tknowallthatmuchaboutwhatthemusicsoundedlike.Whatwedoknowabout-andthisreallyisthemostimportantreasonIamapproachingtoday'slecturethewayIam-istheGreekphilosophyaboutmusicanditscontinuinginfluenceonwesternattitudestowardmusic.因果处强调处：really,themost“Now,therearesomeverygoodreasonstoapproachthematerialinthisway.”后文中“thisreallyisthemostimportantreasonIamapproachingtoday'slecturethewayIam”又对应了题目，接着是第二个解释：“希腊的音乐哲学以及它对西方音乐态度的持续影响”。所以B“希腊音乐哲学影响了西方的思想”也对。Accordingtotheprofessor,whatdidtheancientGreeksbelieveaboutThatmusicconnectedthemtotheirThatthesamelawsruledmusicandtheThatmusiccouldnotbeexinedbyThatthesamelawsruledmusicandtheUm...andfortheGreeks,thesamemathematicalprinciplesthaternmusicalsoerntheuniverseaswellasthehumancharacter,theessenceof 在否定了目的之后，教授把话题转到了数学定律上。教授说“对希腊人来说，支配着音乐的Accordingtotheprofessor,whatwasto’sattitudetowardMusichadthepowertohelpcreatethefutureleadersofaMusicneededtobeconstantlyevolvingtokeepupwithsocialMusichadthepowertohelpcreatethefutureleadersofaForto,musicisanimportantelementineducation,butonlytherightkindofmusic.Thatmeansthekindofmusicthatbuildsthekindofcharacteragoodcitizenorafutureleaderwouldneed.Yes.Forto,thereisakindofmusicthatinstillsthequalitiesofleadership,justasthereisakindofmusicthatmakesa softandweak.but后强调认为“只有合适的音乐才是教育的关键，什么样的音乐造就什么样的公民和未来”。Yes后再强调认为“有一种音乐可以灌输的品质”。对应A选项Whydoestheprofessormentionrock-and-rollTomakeaconnectionbetweenancientandmodernattitudestowardTocontrastitscharacteristicswiththecharacteristicsofancientGreekTointroduceatopichewilldiscusslaterintheTofindoutwhatkindofmusicstudentsintheclasslikeTomakeaconnectionbetweenancientandmodernattitudestowardNow,tohasveryspecific,veryconventionalkindsofmusicinmind.Heisnotfondofinnovation.Thereweremusiciansinto'sdaywhowereexperimentingwithdifferentmelodiesandrhythms.Adefiniteno-noforto.Hethinksthatbreakingwithtraditionleadstoallsortsofsocialproblems,seriousproblems,eventhebreakdownofthefabricofsociety.IamthinkingbacknowtowhenIfirststartedlisteningtorock'n'rollandIremembermyfathersayingitwasabadinfluenceonus.Ithinkhewouldhavegottenalongwellwithto.强调处：very,not,definiteno-举例处：musicians,my分析教授指明了 例子。在 Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?HedoesnotthinkhisopinionsarerelevanttoclassHebelieveshisstudentscaninferwhatheHewantsthestudentstotaketo’sideasHedoesnotwanttoinfluencehisstudents’Hebelieveshisstudentscaninferwhathe （重听部分Anyway,Idon'tneedtolyouwhatIthinkaboutto'sideasaboutinnovation,dodon’tneed,do反问表达的是加强版的肯定语气，need再告诉你我对关于创新的看法，对吗？”结合上文，教授已经很明确地表示在音乐上很传统，不喜欢创新，还结合了自己父亲的例子予以证明。所以他认为这个观点在学生看来自ListentopartofalectureinamusicTodaywearegoingtodosomethingalittledifferent.Inthepastfewclasses,we'velistenedtotraditionalmusicfromaroundtheworldandwe'vetalkedaboutthecharacteristicsofthismusic,whatmakesthesestylesdistinctive,whatkindsofinstrumentsareused.Andyou'vetalkedaboutwhatsoundsfamiliartoyouandwhatsoundsstrange.Andmanyofyoufoundsomeofwhatwe'velistenedtoverystrangeWell,todayIwanttostarttalkingaboutwesternmusicandIamgoingtostartinancientGreece.But,nowhere'sthepartthat'sdifferent.We'renotgoingtotalkverymuchabouttheactualmusic.Instead,wearegoingtotalkaboutwhattheGreeksbelievedaboutNow,therearesomeverygoodreasonstoapproachthematerialinthisway.First,well,wedon'thaveverymuchancientGreekmusicstudied.Onlyabout45piecessurvived...uh...thesearemostlyrecordsofpoemsandsongs.Andwearenotsurehowwellwecanreproducethemelodiesorrhythms,becausetheywereapparentlyimprovisedinmanycases.Sowereallydon'tknowallthatmuchaboutwhatthemusicsoundedlike.Whatwedoknowabout-andthisreallyisthemostimportantreasonIamapproachingtoday'slecturethewayIam-istheGreekphilosophyaboutmusicanditscontinuinginfluenceonwesternattitudestowardmusic.Now,ifwe'regoingtounderstandthephilosophy,wehavetofirstunderstandthatmusicfortheGreekswasaboutmuchmorethanentertainment.Yes,therewasmusicatfestivalsandwehavesculpturesandpaintingsshowingpeoplelisteningtomusicformanyofthesamereasonsthatwedo.Butthisisn'tthewholestory.Theimportantthingaboutmusicwasthatitwasernedbyrules,mathematicalrules.Andforthoseofyouwhoarealsostudyingmusictheory,you'llseethatitisinfacthighlymathematical.Um...andfortheGreeks,thesamemathematicalprinciplesthaternmusicalsoerntheuniverseaswellasthehumancharacter,theessenceof ality.People'scharacterswerebelievedtobeverysensitivetomusic.Ifyoustartedyingaroundwiththerules,youknow,messingupthemathematicalorder,youcoulddoseriousharm.That'swhymusicwasconsideredsopowerful.Ifyouknewtherules,youcoulddogreatgood.Butifyoubrokethem,youcoulddogreatharmtothecharacterofthelistener.So,wehavethisGreekideathatmusicisdirectlyrelatedtohumancharacterandbehavior.Thephilosopher,to,talksaboutthisinthecontextofeducation.Forto,musicisanimportantelementineducation,butonlytherightkindofmusic.Thatmeansthekindofmusicthatbuildsthekindofcharacteragoodcitizenorafutureleaderwouldneed.Yes.Forto,thereisakindofmusicthatinstillsthequalitiesofleadership,justasthereisakindofmusicthatmakes softandweak.Now,tohasveryspecific,conventionalkindsofmusicinmind.Heisnotfondofinnovation.Thereweremusiciansinto'sdaywhowereexperimentingwithdifferentmelodiesandrhythms.Adefiniteno- to.Hethinksthatbreakingwithtraditionleadstoallsortsofsocialseriousproblems,eventhebreakdownofthefabricofsociety.IamthinkingbacknowtowhenIfirststartedlisteningtorock'n'rollandIremembermyfathersayingitwasabadinfluenceonus.Ithinkhewouldhavegottenalongwellwithto.Anyway,Idon'tneedtolyouwhatIthinkaboutto'sideasaboutinnovation,dol?ThoughIhavetosayit'sinterestingthatthesameargumentsagainstnewmusicandartarestillbeingmade.PerhapsliketheGreeks,werecognize,andmaybeevenfearthepowerofmusic.WhatisthelecturemainlyHowtopredicttherateoftectonicteAgeologist’sattempttodeterminethepositionofcontinentsintheSomeideasaboutfuturemovementsofEarth’stectonicThehistoryofadebatebetweentwotetectonicSomeideasaboutfuturemovementsofEarth’stectonicOK.Well,asstudyingthemovementofthetes lusaboutthelocationofcontinentsinthepast,itcanconceivably lusabouttheirlocationinthefuturetoo,right?So,inrecentyears,somegeologistshaveusedtetectonictheorytomakewhattheycallgeopredictions.GeopredictionsareguessesaboutwhatEarth'ssurfacemightlooklikemillionsofyearsfromnow.So提起学生注意，引入。再用地理学家的一个定义“geopredictions”来确定所要讲的内Theprofessorstatesthatsomecontinuesarecurrentlymovingnorthwardandsomearemovingwestward.Indicatethedirectioninwhichthecontinentsarecurrentlymoving.√√√细节题 “教授，有些大陆目前在向北移动，有些则向西移动。辨别目前大陆移动的方向”So,weknowhowcertaincontinentsarecurrentlymoving.Forexample,thecontinentsofAfricahasbeencreenorthtowardEurope.AndAustraliahasbeenmakingitswaynorthtoo,towardAsia.Doesanyoneknowwhat'shappeningtotheAmericas?l...lthinkwe'vetalkedaboutthatbefore.Lisa?Theyaremovingwestward,awayfromEuropeandAfrica.Right.Andwhatmakesusthink举例处：For提问处：Doesanyone分析教授在讲到大陆目前正在移动时举了个例子：“非洲大陆正缓慢地朝北向欧洲大陆移动，澳大利亚也正在朝北向亚洲移动”。之后提问学生的移动状况，学生答道“它们正在向西移WhatprocessiscurrentlytakingceintheAtlanticOnehalfoftheoceanteissinkingbeneaththeotherNewrockisformingbetweentwosectionsoftheoceanAsubductionzoneisformingattheeasternedgeoftheoceanTheoceanteismovingawayfromthecontinentaltesthatareundertheB.NewrockisformingbetweentwosectionsoftheoceanTheAtlanticOceanfloorisspreadingandgettingwider,sothereismoreoceanbetweentheAmericasandEuropeandAfrica.OK.AndwhyisitWell,theseafloorissplit.Thereisaridge,amountainrangethatrunsnorthandsouththere.AndnewrockmaterialflowsupfromEarth'sinteriorhere,atthesplit,whichsthetwosidesoftheoceanfloortospreadapart,tomakeroomforthenewrockmaterial.学生说到海底扩张，教授便问其原因。学生解释道“新的岩石材料从地球内部浮出 底两侧便被迫扩张来给新的岩石材料留出位置”。因此B“海底两侧之间正在形成新岩石”。Whatlong-termgeopredictiondomanygeologists esmallerthantheyareSubductionwillcauseonecontinenttosinkunderanNorthandSouthAmericawillmoveawayfromeachThecurrentcontinentswilleventuallyjoinD.ThecurrentcontinentswilleventuallyjoinButwhataboutoverthelongterm?Say250millionyearsormore.Well,overthatlengthoftime,forecasts emoreuncertain.Butlotsofgeologistspredictthateventuallyallthecontinents,includingAntarctica,willmergeand eonegiantlandmass,asupercontinent,oneresearcherscallingPangaeaUltima,whichmoreorlessmeansthelastsupercontinent.转折处butbut极洲在内的所有大陆都会合并成一个巨大的超级大洲”。对应“目前的大陆到最终会连接在一起”。Basedonthediscussion,whathappenswhenacontinentalteandanoceanictecollide?TheedgeoftheoceanictemovesdownintotheSlabpullcausestheoceanfloortoNewrockmaterialrisestothesurfaceatthesubductionPartsofeachtebreakoffintotheTheedgeoftheoceanictemovesdownintotheYeah.Um...basically,asubductionzoneiswheretwotectonictescollide.Soifanoceanfloortectonictemeetstheedgeofacontinentandtheypushagainsteachother,theheavieronesinksdownandgoesundertheotherone.Sothe...um...theoceanicteismadeofdenserandheavierrock,soitbeginstosinkdownunderthecontinentalteandintothemantle.Right.Sotheoceanfloorwouldkindofslideundertheedgeofthe设问处定义处：处：right边缘相互挤压，重的一方下沉到另一方。因为海洋板块是由密度更大和更重的岩石构成的WhatisimportantdifferencebetweenthetwohypothesesdiscussedbytheTheymakedifferentpredictionsaboutthedirectioninwhichtheAmericancontinentswillmove.TheymakedifferentpredictionsabouthowlongitwilltaleforPangaeaUltimatoOnlyonepredictsthatAsiawilleventuallybegintomoveOnlyonepredictsthatsometectonicteswilleventuallystopTheymakedifferentpredictionsaboutthedirectioninwhichtheAmericancontinentswillmove.Um...overtheshortterm,wecanpredictthattheAmericaswillcontinuetomovewestward,fartherawayfromEurope,whileAfricaandAustraliawillcontinuetomove...Ifthathappens,slabpullcoulddrawtheoceaniccrustunderthecontinent,actuallycausingtheAmericastomoveeastwardtowardEuropeandtheoceanfloortogetsmaller.Thatis,theAtlanticOceanwouldstarttocloseup,narrowingthedistancebetweentheeasternedgeoftheAmericasandEuropeandAfrica.Sotheyformasinglesuper分析本题跨度较大，前后两种主要假设的一种主要区别。第一种假设说“会继续向西移ListentopartofalectureinageologyAswe'vediscussed,Earth'scrustismadeupoflargetesthatrestonamantleofmoltenrock.Thesetes...uh...knownastectonictes,supportthecontinentsandoceans.Overtime,thetectonictesmoveandshift,whichmovesthecontinentsandtheoceanfloorstoo.Onceitwasunderstoodhowthesetesmove,itwaspossibletodeterminepastmovementsofEarth'scontinentsandhowtheseslowmovementshavereshapedEarth'sfeaturesatdifferenttimes.OK.Well,asstudyingthemovementofthetescanlusaboutthelocationofthecontinentsinthepast,itcanconceivablylusabouttheirlocationinthefuturetoo,right?So,inrecentyears,somegeologistshaveusedtetectonictheorytomakewhattheycallgeopredictions.GeopredictionsareguessesaboutwhatEarth'ssurfacemightlooklikemillionsofyearsfromnow.So,weknowhowcertaincontinentsarecurrentlymoving.Forexample,thecontinentsofAfricahasbeencreenorthtowardEurope.AndAustraliahasbeenmakingitswaynorthtoo,towardAsia.Doesanyoneknowwhat'shappeningtotheAmericas?l...lthinkwe'vetalkedaboutthatbefore.Lisa?Theyaremovingwestward,awayfromEuropeandAfrica.Right.AndwhatmakesusthinkTheAtlanticOceanfloorisspreadingandgettingwider,sothereismoreoceanbetweentheAmericasandEuropeandAfrica.OK.AndwhyisitWell,theseafloorissplit.Thereisaridge,amountainrangethatrunsnorthandsouththere.AndnewrockmaterialflowsupfromEarth'sinteriorhere,atthesplit,whichsthetwosidesoftheoceanfloortospreadapart,tomakeroomforthenewrockmaterial.Good.Andthatmeans,overtheshortterm...uh...andbyshorttermImean50millionyears,that'sablinkoftheeyeingeologicaltime.Um...overtheshortterm,wecanpredictthattheAmericaswillcontinuetomovewestward,fartherawayfromEurope,whileAfricaandAustraliaw