高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练：水泥森林

高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练水泥

森林 改编自TheroarofmountainlionsmixeswiththeroaroftrafficLosAngelesisknownforitsbusyhighways,butitisalsohometomountainlionslivingintheSantaMonicaMountains,whicharevitaltomaintainingahealthyecosystem.Thepopulationoftheseapexpredatorsisstable,andtheirhabitatismostlypristinewilderness.However,theirexistenceisthreatenedbyhabitatfragmentationcausedbyRoute101,ahighwaycuttingthroughthemountains,effectivelyseparatingthelionsfromalargerwildernesstothenorth.Asaresult,geneticdegradationandinbreedinghavebecomesevereproblemsleadingtoincreasedchancesofextinction.Astudyconductedin2016showedthattherewasbetweena15-22%chanceofextinctionin50yearsduetoenvironmentalfactors.Still,themoresignificantconcernwasgeneticdeterioration,leadingtoa99.7%chanceofextinction.TheimportanceofgeneticdiversitypromptedCalifornianstotakeactionandcreateanoverpassbridgespanning165feet(50metres)wideoverRoute101,allowingmountainlionstopassoversafely.Similarcorridorshaveworkedelsewhere,suchastheelkoverpassesovertheTrans-CanadaHighwayandbridgesforredcrabsonChristmasIsland.Throughcampaigningandfundraisingefforts,thegovernorlaunchedconstructionofthecorridor.Mountainlionsbecomesexuallymatureattwoandahalftothreeyearsandhavecubseveryotheryear.Withintenyearsofcompletion,theoffspringofthefirstmatingbeyondthemountainscouldhavecubs,makingadifferencegenetically.Expertsbelievethatthissolutionwillhelpsustainthemountainlionpopulation,ultimatelysavingthemfromextinction.【重点词汇】LosAngeles/las'aend39li：z/n.洛杉矶highways/'haiweiz/n.高速公路mountainlions/'mauntin'laisnz/n.〃山狮〃,即美洲狮SantaMonicaMountains/'saentsmoniks'maontsnz/n.圣莫尼卡山脉vital/'vaitl/adj.必不可少的；极其重要的maintaining/mein'teinirj/v.维持，保持healthyecosystem/htlBiikaosistam/健康生态系统population/ipopjo'leijbn/n.种群;人口apexpredators/'eipsks'predstsrz/n.食物链顶端掠食者stable/'steibl/adj.稳定的habitat/'haebitaet/n.栖息地pristinewilderness/'pristi^'wildsnis/n.原始里予生existence/ig'zistsns/n.存在threatened/'Qretsncl/v.威胁，使处于危险中habitatfragmentation/haebitaetifraegmen'teijsn/栖息地分割Route101/ru:twafi'sowapi/n.美国101号公路highway/'haiwei/n.公路;高速公路effectively/I'fektivli/adv.有效地separating/'sepsreitirj/v.分离，隔开largerwilderness/h:d3a'wildsnss/更大的荒野geneticdegradation/diigraed'ei^n/遗传退化inbreeding/'inibri:dio/n.近亲繁殖problems/'prablsmz/n.问题；困难increasedchances/in'krist'tjaensiz/增加概率extinction/ik'stirjkjsn/n.灭绝study/'stAdi/n.研究environmentalfactors/iriivairsn'mentl'faektsz/环境因素concern/kQn'sairn/n.关注;担忧geneticdeterioration/diitirio'reijbn/遗传恶化takeaction/teik〔aek/n/执行行动overpassbridge/'oovsrpaesbrids/立交桥spanning/'spaemrj/v.跨越safely/'seifli/adv.安全地corridors/'ko：rsdo：rz/n.走廊;通道elkoverpasses/elkluvapocsiz/麋鹿立交桥Trans-CanadaHighway/traenz-ks'naeds'haiwei/力口拿大横贯公路bridges/'bridsiz/n.桥梁redcrabs/redkraebz/红蟹campaigning/kaem'peimrj/v.竞选;宣传fundraisingefforts/'fAndreizirj'forts/筹款努力governor/igAvanar7n.州长construction/ksn'strAkJbn/n.建设【阅读理解练习题】WhatisthemainthreattothemountainlionpopulationintheSantaMonicaMountains?LackofpreyCompetitionfromotherpredatorsHabitatfragmentationcausedbyahighwayDiseaseoutbreaksAnswer:C中文解析：SanteMonica山脉中美洲狮的主要威胁是一条切穿山脉的公路，导致栖息地被分割。Whatenvironmentalproblemiscausedbygeneticdegradationandinbreeding?IncreasedpredationHighercompetitionforresourcesReducedgeneticdiversityOverpopulationAnswer:C中文解析:基因退化和近亲繁殖带来的一个环境问题是降低了基因多样性。Whatwasthechanceofextinctionduetoenvironmentalfactorsin50yearsaccordingtothe2016study?15-22%50-75%80-90%D.99.7%Answer:A中文解析：2016年的研究显示,由于环境因素，在50年内灭绝的可能性在15-22%之间。WhatsolutiondidCalifornianscreatetoaddresstheissueofhabitatfragmentationforthemountainlions?BuildinganoverpassbridgeoverthehighwayRemovingRoute101fromthemountainsCreatingmorehousingdevelopmentsintheareaRelocatingthemountainlionpopulationtoanotherlocationAnswer:A中文解析:加利福尼亚人为解决山狮的栖息地分裂问题创造的解决方案是在公路上建造一座过街天桥。Whatisthepurposeoftheelkoverpassesandredcrabbridgesmentionedinthearticle?ToprovidebetterviewsofwildlifeTomakethehighwaysmoreaestheticallypleasingTokeepanimalsfromcrossingthehighwayTosafelyconnectfragmentedhabitatsAnswer:D中文解析:文章提到的麋鹿天桥和圣诞岛上蟹子的天桥的目的是为了安全地连接分裂的栖息地。Atwhatagedomountainlionsbecomesexuallymature?OneandahalftotwoyearsTwoandahalftothreeyearsFourtofiveyearsSixtosevenyearsAnswer:B中文解析:美洲狮在两岁半到三岁左右会变得性成熟并每隔一年生育幼崽。Howoftendomountainlionfemaleshavecubs?EveryyearEveryotheryearEverythreeyearsEveryfouryearsAnswer:B中文解析：美洲狮雌性每隔一年会生育幼崽。Whatdoexpertsbelievebuildingthecorridorwillultimatelyachieveforthemountainlionpopulation?LowergeneticdiversityIncreasedhabitatfragmentationImprovementsinhuntingsuccessProtectionagainstextinctionAnswer:D中文解析：专家认为修建走廊最终将保护山狮免于灭绝。【全文逐句对照翻译】洛杉矶以其繁忙的高速公路而闻名，但它也是生活在圣莫尼卡山脉的美洲狮的家园，它们对维持健康的生态系统至关重要。LosAngelesisknownforitsbusyhighways,butitisalsohometomountainlionslivingintheSantaMonicaMountains,whicharevitaltomaintainingahealthyecosystem.这些顶级食肉动物的数量是稳定的，它们的栖息地大多是原始的荒野。Thepopulationoftheseapexpredatorsisstable,andtheirhabitatismostlypristinewilderness.然而，它们的生存受到101号公路造成的栖息地破碎的威胁，这条公路穿过山脉，有效地将狮子与北部更大的荒野分开。However,theirexistenceisthreatenedbyhabitatfragmentationcausedbyRoute101,ahighwaycuttingthroughthemountains,effectivelyseparatingthelionsfromalargerwildernesstothenorth.因此，遗传退化和近亲繁殖已经成为严重的问题，导致灭绝的可能性增加。Asaresult,geneticdegradationandinbreedinghavebecomesevereproblemsleadingtoincreasedchancesofextinction.2016年进行的一项研究表明，由于环境因素，50年内灭绝的可能性在15-22%之间。Astudyconductedin2016showedthattherewasbetweena15-22%chanceofextinctionin50yearsduetoenvironmentalfactors.然而，更令人担忧的是基因退化，导致99.7%的灭绝几率。Still,themoresignificantconcernwasgeneticdeterioration,leadingtoa99.7%chanceofextinction.基因多样性的重要性促使加州人采取行动，在101号公路上建造了一座165英尺(50米)宽的立交桥，让美洲狮安全地通过。TheimportanceofgeneticdiversitypromptedCalifornianstotakeactionandcreateanoverpassbridgespanning165feet(50metres)wideoverRoute101,allowingmountainlionstopassoversafely.类似的走廊在其他地方也奏效了，比如加拿大横断公路上的麋鹿立交桥和圣诞岛上的红蟹桥。Si