考研真题：广东暨南大学2022年基础英语考试真题

考研真题：暨南大学2022年[基础英语]考试真题PartICloze(10points)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassageandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Brazilhas__1__toofferthevisitor:7,300kmofcoastline,muchofitempty,endlessbeaches;theplanet’sbiggestrainforest;anareaofwetlandsfullofalligatorsandjaguars;colonialcitiesandspectacularwaterfalls.TheBahiacoastinnorth-eastBrazilisaparticularlyattractivearea__2__tourism.Severalluxuryresortshavebeenbuiltthere.Recentlya$170millionfive-hotel__3__atSauipeopened.Withits18-holegolf__4__anddesignershops,Sauipeishopingtoattractrich,foreignvisitors.Thetouristindustry__5__problemsinthepast__6__highinflationwhichledtoshort-termplanning.Hotels,__7__,arelong-terminvestments,oftenwith__8__periodsofover15years.IfresortssuchasSauipe__9__attractsignificantnumbersoftourists,theyhavetosolveseveralproblems.__10__astart,Brazilneedscheaperandmorefrequentinternationalairtravel.Brazilianairlineshaveactuallydecreasedthenumberof__11__internationalflightsinthepasttwoyearsbecauseofacurrency__12__.Foreignvisitorsalsodemandalevelofservice__13__needslengthytraining–aconsiderabletaskformostoftheresortsinthenortheastwhichdonothavea__14__populationtoprovidesuitablestaff.TheotherbigchallengeforSauipe’smanagersis__15__thesocialproblemsthatothernewresortshavecaused,whenlargenumbersofpeoplehavecomefromtheinteriorinsearch__16__jobs,quickly__17__slums.Theresort__18__todealwiththesepressuresbysettingupcoursesinthesurroundingvillagesformakinghandicraftswhichwill__19__atSauipeandbyorganizing__20__forlocalco-operativestoproducefoodstuffsforthehotels.1. A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.somehow2. A.to B.for C.with D.on3. A.complexity B.complicated C.complex D.compliment4. A.course B.court C.pitch D.ground5. A.has B.have C.having D.had6. A.due B.because C.for D.becauseof7. A.however B.therefore C.because D.while8. A.pay B.payback C.payoff D.paycheck9. A.goto B.aregoingto C.gofor D.goesto10. A.With B.On C.For D.To11. A.schedule B.scheduling C.scheduled D.toschedule12. A.boom B.infrastructure C.increasing D.devaluation13. A.that B.inthat C.who D.what14. A.well-located B.well-educated C.well-designed D.well-done15. A.forget B.toforget C.avoid D.toavoid16. A.to B.at C.of D.on17. A.create B.tocreate C.created D.creating18. A.ishoping B.hope C.hoped D.hashoped19. A.sell B.besold C.sold D.beselling20. A.believe B.belief C.credit D.moneyPartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA(40points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AttheKyotoconferenceonglobalwarminginDecember1997,itbecameabundantlyclearhowcomplexithasbecometoworkoutinternationalagreementsrelatingtotheenvironmentbecauseofeconomicconcernsuniquetoeachcountry.Itisnolongerenoughtotrytoforbidcertainactivitiesortoreduceemissionsofcertainsubstances.Theglobalchallengesoftheinterlinkbetweentheenvironmentandthedevelopmentincreasinglybringsustothecoreoftheeconomiclifeofthestates.Duringthelate1980swewereable,throughinternationalagreements,tomakedeepcutsinemissionsharmfultotheozonelayer.Thesereductionsweremadepossiblebecausesubstitutionshadbeenfoundformanyoftheharmfulchemicalsand,moreimportant,becausetheharmfulsubstancescouldbereplacedwithoutnegativeeffectsonemploymentandeconomiesofstates.Althoughthethreatofglobalwarminghasbeenknowntotheworldfordecadesandallcountriesandleadersagreethatweneedtodealtheproblem,wealsoknowthattheeffectsofmeasures,especiallyharshmeasurestakeninsomecountries,wouldbenullified(使无效，取消)ifothercountriesdonotcontroltheiremissions.WhereastheUNteamonclimatechangehasfoundthattheemissionsofcarbondioxidewouldhavetobecutgloballyby60%tostabilizethecontentofCO2intheatmosphere,thispathisnotfeasibleforseveralreasons.Suchdeepcutswouldcauseabreakdownoftheworldeconomy.Importantandpopulouslow-or-medium-incomecountriesarenotyetwillingtoundertakelegalcommitmentsabouttheirenergyuses.Inaddition,thestateofworldtechnologywouldnotyetpermitustomakesuchabigleap.Wemust,however,findasolutiontothethreatofglobalwarmingearlyinthe21stcentury.Suchacommitmentwouldrequireadegreeofsharedvisionandcommonresponsibilitiesnewtohumanity.Successliesintheforceofimaginations,inimaginingwhatwouldhappenifwefailtoact.Althoughmanylivingincoldregionswouldwelcometheglobalwarmingeffectsofawarmersummer,fewwouldcheerthearrivalofthesubsequenttropicaldiseases,especiallywheretherehadbeennone.21.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto_______________.A.analyzetheproblemofglobalwarmingB.argueagainstmakingdeepcutsinemissionsC.convincepeoplethatglobalwarmingisarealthreatD.criticizesomecountriesforrefusingtocutdownharmfulemissions22.Thereasonwhyitisdifficulttogetridofthethreatofglobalwarmingisthat_____________.A.notallcountriesarewillingtomakedeepcutsinemissionsB.manypeoplewelcometheglobalwarmingeffectofawarmersummerC.theleadersofmanycountriesarenotfullyawareofthegravityoftheproblemD.theworldtechnologyisnotabletosolvetheproblem23.Inthepassagetheauthorimpliesthat_______________.A.theworldhasrecentlybecomeawareofthethreatofglobalwarmingB.theproblemofglobalwarminghaslargelybeensolvedC.itiseasytoworkoutinternationalagreementstocutdownharmfulemissionsD.itisnolongereasytoreachinternationalagreementsrelatingtotheenvironment24.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimpossibleatthepresenttocut60%ofcarbondioxideemissionsgloballybecause___________.A.somepeopleareirresponsibleB.itwouldcauseacollapseoftheworldeconomyC.itisonlyagoaltobereachedinthefutureD.somepeoplearelackinginimagination25.Whatshouldallcountiesdotohelpsolvetheproblemofglobalwarming?A.Theyshouldholdanotherworldconferenceonclimatechange.B.Theyshouldprovideadvancedtechnology.C.Theyshouldreplacealltheharmfulsubstances.D.Theyshouldwillinglyundertakelegalcommitmentsabouttheirenergyuses.Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ramoswasbrilliant,handsome,wealthy,andoneofRiodeJaneiro’sbeautifulpeople.Atagethirty-six,hewasapermanentplasticsurgeonwhoownedtwomedicalclinics.Atparties,hemetandtalkedtofamousHollywoodmoviepersonalitiesandsportsstars.Heseemedtobetheperfectexampleofthegoodlife.ButbyMarchof1982,thirty-six-year-oldRamoswasfoundinaBrazilianprisonchargedwitheighteencrimesincludingarmedrobbery,drugsmuggling,andmurder.Accordingtopolice,Ramosusedhispersonalfriendshipswithwealthypeopletoprepareforhiscrimes.Hewouldattendthepartiesofhisfriends,inspecttheirhousescarefullyforvaluables,drawdiagramsoftheirhomes,andthensendinprofessionalburglarstorobthem.Hisvictimswerejeweldesigner,diplomats,andwealthysocialfigures.SometimesRamosevenstolethingshimself.Oneofhiscrimeswasstealinganexpensivewatchfromthefamoussoccerplayer,Pele.Healsosoldstolencarsandusedtwoprivateairplanestosmugglecocaine.Inthefallof1981,however,thefamousplasticsurgeon’sdoublelifecameapart.HewasarrestedafteraninformanttoldthepolicethatRamoswasinvolvedinaseriesofthethefts.RamosescapedbysimplywalkingoutthemaindooroftheRiodeJaneiropolicebuilding,butpolicesoonfoundthebodyhispersonalpilotandaccuseddrug-smugglingpartnerinanoldhotel.PolicebelievedhewasmurderedforinformingthemaboutRamos.ThenRamoshidwithanotherofhisaccomplices,whowaslaterfoundshottodeathonanoldcountyroad.Inlessthanamonth,policemanagedtofindRamoswashidinginarun-downneighborhood.Whenhewascaught,hehadadiamondringworthover$90,000inhisjeanspocket.Inlaterinterviews,Ramossaidhereallydidn’tknowhecommittedthecrimes.Hedeniedthemurders,andhislawyerssaidhewasinsane.PerhapsonereasonforRamos’sbehaviorcouldbefoundinhisfamilyhistory.Hisgrandfatherhadmurderedsixmembersofonefamily,andhisfatherwasaccusedofkillinghismother’slover,butthosechargeswerelaterdropped.RamosseemedtoescapethatbackgroundbystudyingmedicineandsocializingwithsomeofthemostimportantpeopleinBraziliansociety.Butthatwasn’tenough.26.WhichofthefollowingdescriptiveadjectivescanbestbeusedtodescribethepersonalityofRamos?A.Double-faced.B.Perfect.C.BeautifulD.Dissociated.27.WhatwerethechiefcrimesthatRamoscommittedaccordingtothepassage?A.Smuggling,briberyandthefts.B.Robbery,pick-pocketingandspying.C.Burglary,smugglingandcorruption.D.Smuggling,robbery,andmurder.28.WhatkindofpsychologicalbackgroundcanprobablybestaccountforcrimesRamoscommitted?A.Hewasinsane.B.Hehadsomefamilymurderingrecords.C.Hewasassociatedwithsomeimportantfiguresinthecountry.D.Thearticledidn’tgiveaclearanswertothequestion.29.Inthesentence“PolicebelievedhewasmurderedforinformingthemaboutRamos”(Para.4),hemayreferto______________.A.Ramos’spersonalpilot.B.theaccuseddrug-smugglingpartnerC.RamoshimselfD.BothAandB30.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe__________________.A.BeingWealthyDoesNotMeanEverythingB.ADouble-facedDoctorC.AManwithComplexPsychologicalBackgroundD.DoctororMurderer,Smuggler?Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)wasexperiencingadownswinginridershipalongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandautomobilebecameAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1)anxiousfliers---thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2)travel-lovers---thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.).Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.31.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.B.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes.C.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.D.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.32.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat_______________________.A.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportationB.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenienceC.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobeD.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation33.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized_________________.A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedbytrainsB.thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintripsC.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravelD.theadventurousaspectsoftraintrips34.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause____________.A.theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiencesB.theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percentC.theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprogramsD.mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences35.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofitsbecause________________.A.itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattleB.itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoorsC.theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertisedD.itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperienceQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfofthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld’spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdon’thavetotroubletheworld---ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafter1970soilcrisis,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreesourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundway.Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigationwaterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycropland.Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocal,regional,andnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwateruse,countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.36.Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?A.Onlyhalfoftheworld’swatercanbeused.B.Theworldpopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.C.Halfoftheworld’swaterresourceshavebeenseriouslypolluted.D.Humanityhasnotplacedsufficientvalueonwaterresources.37.Asindicatedinthepassage,thewaterproblem_____________.A.isalreadyseriousincertainpartsoftheworldB.hasbeenexaggeratedbysomeexpertsinthefieldC.posesachallengetothetechnologyofbuildingreservoirs.D.isunderestimatedbygovernmentorganizationsatdifferentlevels38.Accordingtotheauthor,thewaterpriceshould_____________.A.bereducedtotheminimumB.stimulatedomesticdemandC.correspondtoitsrealvalueD.takeintoaccounttheoccurrencesofdroughts39.Theauthorsaysthatinsomehotanddryareasitisavailableto____________.A.buildbiglakestostorewaterB.constructbigpumpingstationsC.buildsmallandcheapirrigationsystemsD.channelwaterfromnearbyriverstocropland40.Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofwatersupply,measuresshouldbetakento_____________.A.guaranteefullprotectionoftheenvironmentB.centralizethemanagementofwaterresourcesC.increasethesenseofresponsibilityofagenciesatalllevelsD.encouragelocalandregionalcontrolofwaterresourcesSectionB(20points)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.OnOctober31,hordesofchildrenarmedwithJack-o’-lantern-shapedbucketsandpillowcaseswilltaketothestreetsinsearchofsugar.(41)Trick-or-treatingforcandyissynonymouswithHalloween,butthetraditionhadtogothroughacenturies-longevolutiontoarriveattheplaceitistoday.HistoriansagreethataCelticautumnfestivalcalledSamhainwastheprecursortomodernHalloween.Samhainwasatimetocelebratethelastharvestoftheyearandtheapproachofthewinterseason.Itwasalsoafestivalforhonoringthedead.OnewayCelticsmayhaveappeasedthespiritstheybelievedstillwalkedtheEarthwasbyleavingtreatsontheirdoorsteps.WhenCatholicsinfiltratedIrelandinthe1stcenturyCE,theyrebrandedmanypaganholidaystofittheirreligion.November1becamethe“feastsofAllSaintsandAllSouls”,andthedaybeforeitwasdubbed“All-Hallows’-Eve”.ThenewholidayslookedalotdifferentfromtheoriginalCelticfestival,butmanytraditionsstuckaround,includingthepracticeofhonoringthedeadwithfood.ThefoodofchoiceforChristiansbecame“soulcakes”.(42)Insteadofleavingthemoutsideforpassingghosts,“soulcakes”weredistributedtobeggarswhowentdoor-to-doorpromisingtoprayforsoulsofthedeceasedinexchangeforsomethingtoeat.Sometimestheyworecostumestohonorthesaints—somethingpagansoriginally