2023年考研考博-考博英语-西北师范大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案篇

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她2023年考研考博-考博英语-西北师范大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she（）muchbetterresultsnow.问题1选项A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget2.单选题Thereisno（）evidencethatpeoplecancontroltheirdreams,atleastinexperimentalsituationsinalab.问题1选项A.rigidB.solidC.smoothD.harsh3.填空题

reconstitute

capable

power

literal

communicateTheword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(visio:sight)roots,can（1）beinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthe（2）ofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronically（3）intothatsameimage.Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehiclefor（4）,andassuchbecomesa（5）toolforreachingotherhumanbeings.4.单选题Thecentralprovinceshavefloodsinsomeyears,and（）.问题1选项A.droughtsinothersB.droughtsareothersC.whileotherdroughtsD.othersindrought5.单选题TheBostonMarathonisanannualmarathonsportingeventhostedbythecityofBoston,Massachusetts,onPatriots’Day,thethirdMondayofApril.Begunin1897andinspiredbythesuccessofthefirstmodern-daymarathoncompetitioninthe1896SummerOlympics,theBostonMarathonistheworld’soldestannualmarathonandranksasoneoftheworld’smostwell-knownroadracingevents.ThemarathonisoneoffivemembersoftheWorldMarathonMajors.Theeventattractsanaverageofabout20,000registeredparticipantseachyear.Inthe100thrunningoftheBostonMarathonin1996,thenumberofparticipantsreached38,000.Whiletherearecashprizesawardedtothewinnersofthemarathon,mostoftherunnersparticipatefortheaccomplishmentofhavingruntheraceatall.TheBostonMarathonwasoriginallyalocalevent,butitsfameandstatushaveattractedrunnersfromallovertheworld.Formostofitshistory,theBostonMarathonwasafreeevent,andtheonlyprizeawardedforwinningtheracewasawreathwovenfromolivebranches.However,corporate-sponsoredcashprizesbegantobeawardedinthe1980s,whenprofessionalathletesbegantorefusetoruntheracewithoutcashawards.Thefirstcashprizeforwinningthemarathonwasawardedin1986.WomenwerenotallowedtoentertheBostonMarathonofficiallyuntil1972.Roberta(Bobbi)GibbisrecognizedasthefirstwomantoruntheentireBostonMarathon(in1966).In1967,KathrineSwitzer,whohadregisteredas“K.V.Switzer”,wasthefirstwomantorunwitharacenumber.Shefinished,despiteacelebratedincidentinwhichraceofficialJockSempletriedtoripoffhernumbersandejectherfromtherace.In1996theB.A.Aretroactivelyrecognizedaschampionstheunofficialwomen’sleadersof1966through1971.Inrecentyears,criticshavepointedtothedominanceofforeign-bornathletesintheevent(especiallyrunnersfromKenya)tobacktheirargumentsthatAmericanprofessionalrunningislaggingbehindtherestoftheworldintermsofproducingqualityathletes.However,foreigndominanceoftheraceisnothingnew.Between1946and1967onlyoneAmerican(JohnJ.Kelleyin1957)wonthemarathoninanerawhenFinlandandJapanwerethedistancepowerhouses.TheBostonMarathonisopentoallrunners,maleandfemale,fromanynation,buttheymustmeetcertainqualifyingstandards.Toqualify,arunnermustfirstcompleteastandardmarathoncoursecertifiedbyanationalgoverningbodyaffiliatedwiththeInternationalAssociationofAthleticsFederationswithinacertainperiodoftimebeforethedateofthedesiredBostonMarathon(usuallywithinapproximately18monthsprior).Prospectiverunnersintheagerangeof18-34mustrunatimeofnomorethan3:10:59(3hoursand10minutes)ifmale,or3:40:59(3hoursand40minutes)iffemale;thequalifyingtimeisadjustedupwardasageincreases.Forexample,a40-44yearoldmalecanstillqualifywithatimeof3:20:59.Anexceptiontothequalificationrequirementisawardedto1,250runnerswhoraiseapre-determinedlevelofsponsorshipforofficiallydesignatedlocalcharities.BesidestheOlympictrialsandtheOlympicmarathons,BostonistheonlymajorAmericanmarathonthatrequiresaqualifyingtime.ThusformanymarathonerstoqualifyforBoston(to“BQ”)isagoalandachievementinitself,makingita“people’sOlympicevent”.1.Thefirstmarathoncompetitionbegan（）.2.Mostofmarathonerstakepartintheraceto（）.3.Theoriginalprizeawardedforwinningthemarathonin1800swas（）.4.WhydopeoplecriticizethatAmericacan’ttrainbetterprofessionalrunnersthansomeothercountries?5.WhocanparticipateintheBostonMarathonwithoutaqualifyingtime?问题1选项A.inBoston,MassachusettsB.onPatriots’Day,1897C.in1896SummerOlympicsD.ahundredyearsago问题2选项A.achievesuccessB.wincashprizesC.attractaudienceD.winanolive-branch-wovenwreath问题3选项A.moneysponsoredbycompaniesB.aprofessionalstatusC.afloralcirclemadefromolivetreesD.bravefame问题4选项A.Becausemostwinnersoftheracecomefromforeigncountries.B.BecauseFinlandandJapanwerethestrongteamswithqualityathletes.C.BecauseAmericanprofessionalrunningisfarbehind.D.BecauseonlyoneAmericanwontheracebetween1946and1967.问题5选项A.Malerunners.B.Femalerunners.C.Charityraisers.D.Amateurrunners.6.单选题Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.（1）theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasborn,Americahadnoprominent（2）ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas（3）,orbywhom.Butitbegantobe（4）intheearly1900s.JazzisAmericascontributionto（5）music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusic,which（6）formalEuropeantraditions,jazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy,（7）themoods,interests,andemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920sjazz（8）likeAmerica,and（9）itdoestoday.The（10）ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic（11）.AmericanNegroes,orblacks,astheyarecalledtoday,werethejazz（12）.TheywerebroughttoSouthernStates（13）slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong（14）.WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendandrelatives（15）aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleans,abandoftenaccompaniedthe（16）.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslow,solemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.（17）onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir（18）,butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed（19）music,improvisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes（20）atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.问题1选项A.ByB.AtC.InD.On问题2选项A.musicB.songC.melodyD.style问题3选项A.discoveredB.actedC.inventedD.designed问题4选项A.noticedB.foundC.listenedD.heard问题5选项A.classicalB.sacredC.popularD.light问题6选项A.formsB.followsC.approachesD.introduces问题7选项A.expressingB.explainingC.exposingD.illustrating问题8选项A.appearedB.feltC.seemedD.sounded问题9选项A.asB.soC.eitherD.neither问题10选项A.originsB.originalsC.discoveriesD.resources问题11选项A.concernedB.itselfC.availableD.oneself问题12选项A.playersB.followersC.fansD.pioneers问题13选项A.forB.asC.withD.by问题14选项A.monthsB.weeksC.hoursD.times问题15选项A.demonstratedB.composedC.hostedD.formed问题16选项A.demonstrationB.processionC.bodyD.march问题17选项A.EvenB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.But问题18选项A.numberB.membersC.bodyD.relations问题19选项A.sadB.solemnC.happyD.funeral问题20选项A.whistledB.sungC.presentedD.showed7.单选题Oncealighthouseisbuilt,noshipofanynationalitycanbeeffectively（）fromtheutilizationofthelighthousefornavigationalpurposes.问题1选项A.isolatedB.dismissedC.distractedD.excluded8.单选题Thedoctorsdon’t（）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.问题1选项A.monitorB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate9.单选题London’sHeathrowAirportisnotoriousforqueuesanddelays.Whyisthishappeningandwhatcanyoudotoavoidthefrustration?InthefilmCatchMeIfYouCan,LeonardoDiCaprioplaysadashingyoungconartistwhofoolsanairlineintobelievingheisoneoftheircaptains.Hestrollsthroughasleekandfuturisticairterminalflankedbyagaggleofstewardesses,hisprogressserene.Themessageisclear:Airtravelisglamorous,sexyandatotalbreeze.CuttoHeathrow,2007,andwhatisstilltheworld’slargestairport(bypassengernumbers)isstretchedtobreakingpoint,besetbydelaysandhamperedbyacreakinginfrastructure.KenLivingstone,London’sgarrulousMayor,saystheairportis“shamingLondon”.Howdiditcometothis?Inasense,Heathrow’skeyroleinthedevelopmentofBritain’s(andtheworld’s)aviationindustryhasbeenitsundoing.Firstopenedtocommercialfightsin1946,Heathrowhasalwaysbeentherefirst;consequently,ithasinheritedalegacyofagingterminalbuildings.ThenSeptember11happened,andsecurityprotocolswentthroughtheroof.The2005Londonbombingsdidn’thelpmatters.ThequeuestoclearHeathrow’ssecuritycantakehourstoclear,especiallywhennotalltheX-raymachinesareopen.Attheotherendoftheprocess,passengershavefacedseeminglynever-endingwaitsforluggage.ArecentAssociationofEuropeanAirlinesreportshowedthatbetweenAprilandJunethisyeartheluggagesystematHeathrowbrokedown11times.TheBritishgovernment,spurredonbyangryairlines,passengergroupsandanincreasinglyvocalmedia,hasannouncedanenquiryintohowtheairportisrun.Heathrow,likesevenothermajorairportsintheUK,isrunbytheBritishAirportsAuthority(BAA),whohasbeenaccusedofputtingtheprofitsfromthevastshoppingmallsineachterminalbeforeinvestmentinsecurityandstaff.Ryanair,BritishAirwaysandtheheadoftheInternationalAirTransportAssociationhaveallcriticizedtherunningoftheairport,blamingunder-investment.AspokesmanforHeathrownotesthatallmaynotbelostquiteyet.Ninety-sevenpercentofpassengersgetthroughsecurityafterlessthan10minutesofqueuing.ThebaggagerulesforusingUKairportshavebeenthesameforawhilenow,sotravelersshouldbegettingusedtotheplasticbagsandoneitemofhand-luggagerule.AndBAAisrecommendingthatpeopledon’tturnupearlierthantheyshould—threehoursforlong-haul,twoforshorthauland90minutesfordomesticshouldbefine.Heathrowhasalsoemployed500newsecuritystaffandopenedninenewsecuritylanesthisyear.Andthenthere’sTerminalFive,thegleaming,light-filledRichardRodgerscreation,completewithalandscapedcivicspace,duetoopeninMarch2008.ItwillbeBritishAirways’newhomeandshouldtakethepressureofftherestoftheairport.FarmoresuitableforaLeonardo-stylesashay.1.Leonardo’sperformanceconveystheideathatairtravelis（）.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?3.Itcantakehourstopasstheairportsecurity,especiallywhen（）.4.Who’stoblamefortheunder-investmentinBritishairports?5.AccordingtoBAA,whenshoulddomesticpassengersarriveattheairport?问题1选项A.enchantingB.dangerousC.frustratingD.time-consuming问题2选项A.HeathrowAirporthasthelargestsurfaceareaintheworld.B.Thesignificantpositionoftheairportinhistoryhasbecomethemaincauseforitspresentsituation.C.HeathrowAirportisabouttocollapseasaresultofhugepassengernumbers.D.Theairportisdeterminedtorenovateitsoldterminalbuildings.问题3选项A.onlysomeoftheX-raymachinesareopenB.alltheX-raymachinesareshutdownC.luggagecheckedoverandoveragainD.theluggagesystembreaksdown问题4选项A.BritishAirportsAuthority.B.AssociationofEuropeanAirlines.C.HeathrowAirport.D.InternationalAirTransportAssociation.问题5选项A.1hoursbeforeboarding.B.2hoursbeforeboarding.C.3hoursbeforeboarding.D.1.5hoursbeforeboarding.10.单选题Althoughtheylosttheirjobs,savingsandunemploymentbenefitsallowthecoupleto（）theircomfortablehome.问题1选项A.comeinforB.catchupwithC.lookforwardtoD.holdonto第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】考查错综虚拟语气。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，省略了if，因此为倒装形式；主句是对现在情况的虚拟，因此主句用woulddo结构。句意：如果朱迪在数学考试时能更加认真的话，她现在就会得到一个更好的分数。因此D选项正确。2.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigid“严格的”；B选项solid“可靠的”；C选项smooth“光滑的”；D选项harsh“严酷的”。句意：没有确凿的证据表明人们可以控制自己的梦，至少在实验室的实验情况下是这样。本句表示可靠确凿的证据。因此B选项正确。3.【答案】1.munication5.powerful【解析】1.句意：可以从字面上理解为来自远处的景象。此处应用副词形式，因此填literally。2.句意：电视能够将一幅图像（这幅图像被聚焦在一部摄像机内的一块特殊的光导底片上）转换成能经过导线或电缆发送出去的电子脉冲信号。此处应用名词形式，因此填capability。3.句意：可以用电子学的方法把脉冲信号重新恢复成同一幅图像。此处应用被动语态，因此填reconstituted。4.句意：它是表达的手段和交流的载体。此处应用名词形式，因此填communication。5.句意：因此成为联系他人的有力工具。此处应用形容词形式，因此填powerful。4.【答案】A【解析】考查并列结构。句意：中部各省有些年遭受洪涝，有些年遭受干旱。and连接两个并列的成分，因后面没有谓语，说明二者的谓语相同，都是have，那么填入的内容就应该与floodsinsomeyears并列，droughtinothers中others指代years，表示“另一些年遭受干旱”。因此A选项正确。5.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“firstmarathoncompetition”可以定位到第一段第二句inspiredbythesuccessofthefirstmodern-daymarathoncompetitioninthe1896SummerOlympics（受到1896年夏季奥运会第一个现代马拉松比赛成功的启发），说明第一次马拉松比赛在1896年的夏季奥运会上。因此C选项“在1896年夏季奥运会上”正确。A选项“在马萨诸塞州的波士顿”，B选项“1897年爱国者日”，D选项“一百年前”说的是波士顿马拉松比赛的情况，所以A，B，D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Mostofmarathoners”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句mostoftherunnersparticipatefortheaccomplishmentofhavingruntheraceatall（大多数选手都是为了参加比赛的成就感而参加的），说明大多数选手参赛的理由是为了获得成就感。因此A选项“获得成功”正确。B选项“赢得现金奖励”，C选项“吸引观众”，D选项“赢得一个橄榄枝编织的花环”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“originalprize”可以定位到文章第三段第二句Formostofitshistory,theBostonMarathonwasafreeevent,andtheonlyprizeawardedforwinningtheracewasawreathwovenfromolivebranches.（在历史上的大部分时间里，波士顿马拉松都是免费的活动，而赢得比赛的唯一奖品是一个用橄榄枝编织的花环。），说明最初比赛的奖品是橄榄枝花环。因此C选项“用橄榄枝编织的花环”正确。A选项“公司赞助的钱”，B选项“职业地位”，D选项“勇敢的名声”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一句Inrecentyears,criticshavepointedtothedominanceofforeign-bornathletesintheevent(especiallyrunnersfromKenya)tobacktheirargumentsthatAmericanprofessionalrunningislaggingbehindtherestoftheworldintermsofproducingqualityathletes.（近年来，批评人士指出在这项赛事中外国出生的运动员，尤其是来自肯尼亚的运动员占主导地位，以支持他们的观点，即美国职业长跑在培养高质量运动员方面落后于世界其他地区。），说明批评美国没有好的职业长跑运动员的原因是外国的运动员经常在这项比赛上获胜。因此A选项“因为这项比赛的大多数冠军都来自外国”正确。B选项“因为芬兰和日本是拥有优质运动员的强队”，D选项“因为在1946年至1967年期间，只有一个美国人赢得了比赛”都是美国长跑运动员落后于其他地区的表现之一，不能完整概括批评美国的原因，所以B，D错误。C选项“因为美国的职业长跑远远落后于其他国家”，原文说的是在培养高质量运动员方面落后于其他国家，而不是整体远远落后于其他国家，所以C错误。5.客观细节题。由题干关键词“qualifyingtime”可以定位到第六段，第六段最后一句说到Anexceptiontothequalificationrequirementisawardedto1,250runnerswhoraiseapre-determinedlevelofsponsorshipforofficiallydesignatedlocalcharities.（1,250名为官方指定的本地慈善机构筹得预先设定赞助金额的运动员可免除资格要求。），说明为慈善机构筹款的运动员可以免除参赛资格要求。因此C选项“慈善募捐者”正确。A选项“男运动员”，B选项“女运动员”，D选项“业余运动员”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。6.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:A第10题:A第11题:B第12题:D第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D第16题:B第17题:D第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C【解析】1.考查介词辨析。A选项By“通过”；B选项At“在……时”；C选项In“在……里面”；D选项On“在……上面”。attheturnofthecentury表示的是“在本世纪初”这一具体时间，只有at符合。句意：在爵士乐诞生的世纪之交。因此B选项符合题意。2.考查名词辨析。A选项music“音乐”；B选项song“歌曲”；C选项melody“旋律”；D选项style“风格”。根据上文所说的大多数国家都有自己的音乐风格“style”，而美国却没有自己突出的，后面也应该是风格。句意：美国没有自己的突出风格。因此D选项符合题意。3.考查动词辨析。A选项discovered“发现”；B选项acted“行动”；C选项invented“发明”；D选项designed“设计”。句意：没有人知道爵士乐是什么时候发明的，由谁发明的。因此C选项符合题意。4.考查动词辨析。A选项noticed“注意”；B选项found“找到”；C选项listened“听”，后面需接介词to；D选项heard“听到”。句意：它是在20世纪初开始被人听到的。因此D选项符合题意。5.考查形容词辨析。A选项classical“古典的”；B选项sacred“神圣的”；C选项popular“流行的”；D选项light“轻的”。popularmusic是指“流行音乐”，与classicalmusic“古典音乐”相对，爵士乐是流行音乐的一种。句意：爵士乐是美国对流行音乐的贡献。因此C选项符合题意。6.考查动词辨析。A选项forms“形成”；B选项follows“遵循”；C选项approaches“接近”；D选项introduces“引入”。句意：与遵循正规的欧洲传统的古典音乐相比。因此B选项符合题意。7.考查动词辨析。A选项expressing“表达”；B选项explaining“解释”；C选项exposing“揭露”；D选项illustrating“说明”。句意：表达人们的情绪、兴趣和情感。因此A选项符合题意。8.考查系动词辨析。A选项appeared“表现得”；B选项felt“感觉是”；C选项seemed“看起来”；D选项sounded“听起来”。句意：20世纪20年代的爵士乐听起来很像美国风格。因此D选项符合题意。9.考查连词辨析。A选项as“正如”；B选项so“所以”；C选项either“或者”；D选项neither“也不”。句意：现在爵士乐也是如此。因此A选项符合题意。10.考查名词辨析。A选项origins“起源”；B选项originals“原创”；C选项discoveries“发现”；D选项resources“资源”。句意：这种音乐的起源。因此A选项符合题意。11.考查反身代词。A选项concerned“关心的”；B选项itself“它自己”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项oneself“自己”。句意：这种音乐的起源和音乐本身一样有趣。因此B选项符合题意。12.考查名词辨析。A选项players“玩家”；B选项followers“追随者”；C选项fans“粉丝”；D选项pioneers“先锋”。句意：美国黑人是爵士乐的先锋。因此D选项符合题意。13.考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项as“作为”；C选项with“和……一起”；D选项by“通过”。句意：他们作为奴隶被带到南方各州。因此B选项符合题意。14.考查名词辨析。A选项months“月份”；B选项weeks“周”；C选项hours“时间”；D选项times“次数”。句意：他们被卖给种植园主，被迫长时间工作。因此C选项符合题意。15.考查动词辨析。A选项demonstrated“论证”；B选项composed“组成”，后面接of；C选项hosted“主持”；D选项formed“形成”。句意：他的朋友和亲戚会形成一个游行队伍。因此D选项符合题意。16.考查名词辨析。A选项demonstration“示范”；B选项procession“队伍”；C选项body“身体”；D选项march“行进”。句意：游行队伍通常由乐队伴奏。上句提到形成队伍，本句意为这样的队伍经常伴随有一支乐队。因此B选项符合题意。17.考查转折关系。A选项Even“甚至”；B选项Therefore“因此”；C选项Furthermore“此外”；D选项But“但是”。句意：但在回家的路上，气氛变了。上句说在去墓地的路上，乐队演奏缓慢的、庄重的音乐以便和悲痛的场合相配合。而本句说在回来的路上，情绪变化了。所以这两句之间应该是转折的关系。因此D选项符合题意。18.考查名词辨析。A选项number“数字”；B选项members“成员”；C选项body“身体”；D选项relations“亲戚”。句意：死神带走了他们的一个亲人。因此D选项符合题意。19.考查形容词辨析。A选项sad“伤心的”；B选项solemn“庄严的”；C选项happy“开心的”；D选项funeral“丧葬的”。句意：在葬礼上，乐队演奏了欢快的音乐。跟上句中提到的slow和solemn相对应。因此C选项符合题意。20.考查动词辨析。A选项whistled“吹口哨”；B选项sung“唱歌”；C选项presented“表演”；D选项showed“展示”。句意：即兴演奏了葬礼上表演的和声和旋律。因此C选项符合题意。7.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项isolated“孤立”；B选项dismissed“解散”；C选项distracted“分心”；D选项excluded“排除”。句意：灯塔一旦建成，任何国籍的船舶都可以有效地利用它来航行。本句表示没有船舶会被排除在外，因此D选项正确。8.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项monitor“监视”；B选项manifest“表明”；C选项articulate“清晰地表达”；D选项anticipate“预计”。句意：医生们预计那位病人活不了太久了。本句表示预计病人的存活时间，因此D选项正确。9.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Leonardo”可以定位到文章第二段，第二段最后一句说到Themessageisclear:Airtravelisglamorous,sexyandatotalbreeze.（传达出的信息很明确：航空旅行是充满魅力、性感和轻松的。），说明莱昂纳多的表演传达了航空旅行是迷人