初高中英语衔接之语法基础句子成分知识点

初高中英语衔接之语法基础句子成分句子由句子成分组成。句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。一.主语Subject主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。请划出句子主语，并判断是什么成分做主语。Knowledgeispower.Sheisasmalleater.Threewillbeenoughforus.Theinjured_____(send)tohospitalatoncewhentheaccidenthappened.Tosee___tobelieve._____(read)booksismyhobby._______(我们所需要的东西)isyourhelp.改错1.Visitamuseumexcitesteenagers.2.Disabledshouldberespected.3.Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchanges.二、谓语Predicate谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。谓语有以下几种基本情况1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。Everything____(go)smoothlylastmonth.Thousandsoftrees_______(plant)everyyear.They______(finish)theworksofar.They_________(swim)intherivernow.2.情态动词+动词WemuststudyEnglishhard.Watercanbedangerous.Youcan’tparkhere-it'sanoparkingarea.Thatcan’tbeTom-heisstudyingabroad.MayIcomein?Imaygowithyou,butI'mnotsureShecriedhereyesout.Somethingterriblemust_____(happen).Theexperimentcan_________(complete)ontime.3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。(1)be动词类:am,is,are,was,were(2)表示变化类:become,get,turn,grow,go(3)感官动词类:look,sound,smell,taste,feel(4)表示延续性的动词:remain,stay,keep改错Wearestudent.Itsoundbeautiful.Theclothfeelssmoothly.Theleavesturnintoredinautumn.填词1.Thenoise____(grow)louderwhenIwaspreparedforsleep.2.Aconcert________tocelebrateMayDaynextweek.(hold)3.Severalyearsagoanewgym________forvisitorstotakeexercise.(build)4.Thestudents________howtolearnEnglishwellsincetheyenteredthenewschool(tell)5.He_________(会游泳)whenhewasfiveyearsold.6.Inaplane,allpassengers_________(必须穿)seatbelts.7.Itcanbecoldinthemountaininwinter.(be)8.Shemayaccepttheinvitation,butshehasn'tmadeuphermind.9.It_________(不可能)acomfortabletripwithsomanypeopleinsuchasmallcar.10.Helookssadandhe________（肯定被告知）thedeathofhisgrandma.11.Whatyousaid____________________(听起来很有趣).12.Whathesuggested____________________(听起来是个好主意).13.Thefoodinmyhometown____________________(尝起来很美味).14.Theathleteonthestart____________________(看起来很紧张).15.Itwasahotsummerafternoon.Themilk____________________(变馊了).三.宾语Object宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作所及的对象,一般位于谓语之后。宾语有以下几种1.直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。可以作直接宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动名词短语、不定式短语、名词化的形容词和从句.翻译：1.纸很容易着火。(catchfire)2.你在哪买的那个？3.我们应该帮助穷人.4.他最后决定听取我的建议。（decide，takeone’sadvice）5.请停止发出噪音。（makenoise）6.你明白我意思是什么没？2.双宾语1.舅舅送了我一件很好的礼物。

2.他的外公给他做了一个风筝。3.复合宾语划出宾语和宾语补足语，什么做宾补？The

war

made

him

a

soldier.(________)New

machines

make

the

job

easy.(________)They

treated

her

as

a

child.(________)Please

help

me

to

put

these

books

in

order.(________)I

saw

a

stranger

waving

to

me.(________)You

should

get

the

work

done

by

tomorrow.(________)

Note:有时在make,

think,find,feel,

consider后用it充当形式宾语,后接形容词或名词作宾语补足语,再后接充当真正宾语的从句、不定式.They

thinkitimportant

to

learn

English

well.We

feltita

pity

that

he

didn't

show

up

at

the

meeting.Exercise

6:

Translate

the

Chinese

into

English.1.I______________________when

I

entered

it.(看见她正在打扫房间)2.

She

was

dreaming

a

day

dream

when

she______________________(听见自己的名字被叫)3.

To

her

surprise,

she______________________(发现自己来到了一个不同的世界)4.

People

around

the

world______________________(认为微笑是友好的表示)5.

The

students______________________(觉得平衡学习和生活是重要的)6.

At

first

I______________________(觉得理解他是困难的)

四、定语

Attributive修饰名词、代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。1.前置定语如果定语是单个词,通常放在被修饰词的前面。可以作前置定语的有形容词、名词名词所有格、代词、数词、现在分词及过去分词等。划出定语部分，判断什么充当定语。The

little

boy

needs

a

blue

pen.(________)The

boy

needs

a

ball

pen.(________)This

is

Tom'

s

father.(________)Open

your

mouth.(________)Two

boys

need

two

pens.(________)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(________)Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.(________)2.后置定语如果被修饰词是不定代词或作定语的是短语或从句,定语常放在被修饰词的后面可以充当后置定语的有形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语及定语从句等。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(________)Thebuildingsaroundwerebadlydamaged.(________)Thebookonthedeskismine.(________)Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.(________)Themanvisitingyourschoolisourheadmaster.(________)Theproblemsolvedyesterdaywasveryimportant.(________)Helosthisnewpenthatwasboughtlastweek.(________)Exercise7:翻译1.Themanisatennisplayer.那个外向的男人是一个在网球爱好者中很受欢迎的网球选手。______________________________________________________2.Thebookiswellreceivedamongthestudents。那本封面是黑色和白色的书在对体育有兴趣的学生中很受欢迎。_______________________________________________________五、状语

Adverbial状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。修饰动词的状语常放在动词之后。如:

Listen

carefully!(但

often,

usually,

always,

still,

never,

also,

already,

certainly,

even,

almost,

quite等副词作状语时,要放在行为动词之前。如:He

usually

goes

fishing

on

weekends.She

seldom

talks

about

her

family

in

the

dormitory.修饰形容词的状语常放在它所修饰的词之前。如:If

you

say

you

are

really

sorry,

I'll

forgive

you.充当状语的可以是副词、短语及状语从句等,用于说明时间、地点、方式、程度、原因

目的结果、条件、让步及伴随情况等。如The

warn-

hearted

boy

is

well

thought

of

by

his

classmates.(副词,表程度)People

lined

up

for

buses

and

got

on

them

in

an

orderly

way.(介词短语,表方式)The

doctors

did

everything

they

could

to

save

the

boy's

life.(不定式短语,表目的)Idon'

t

like

to

sit

here

doing

nothing.(现在分词,表伴随)Moved

by

their

speech,

we

were

at

a

loss

what

to

say.(过去分词,表原因)Come

whenever

you

like.(状语从句,表时间)Exercise9:请将下列句子翻译成中文,并在状语下画线。1.On

Sundays,

there

is

no

student

in

the

classroom.2.

we're

going

to

spend

the

holiday

on

the

beach.3.

Please

make

a

sentence

using

this

phrase.4.

The

boy

needs

a

pen

very

much.5.

John

was

late

because

of

the

heavy

snow.6.

The

doctors

tried

their

best

to

save

the

patient.7.

We'll

have

a

picnic

if

it

is

fine

tomorrow.8.

Although

he

is

young,

he

knows

a

lot.9.

His

parents

lost

their

lives

in

the

accident,

leaving

him

homeless.10.

He

sat

there,

reading

a

magazine.参考答案初高中英语衔接之语法基础句子成分参考答案句子成分句子由句子成分组成。句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。一.主语Subject主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。请划出句子主语，并判断是什么成分做主语。Knowledgeispower.Sheisasmalleater.Threewillbeenoughforus.Theinjured__weresent___(send)tohospitalatoncewhentheaccidenthappened.The+形容词作主语谓语动词用复数Tosee__is_tobelieve.___Reading__(read)booksismyhobby.___whatweneed____(我们所需要的东西)isyourhelp.改错1.Visitamuseumexcitesteenagers.VisitVisiting2.Disabledshouldberespected.Disabled前加The3.Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchanges.本句应该更改为Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschool.二、谓语Predicate谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。谓语有以下几种基本情况1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。Everything___went_(go)smoothlylastmonth.Thousandsoftrees____areplanted___(plant)everyyear.They___havefinished___(finish)theworksofar.They______areswimming___(swim)intherivernow.2.情态动词+动词WemuststudyEnglishhard.Watercanbedangerous.(可能，理论上的可能性)Youcan’tparkhere-it'sanoparkingarea.Thatcan’tbeTom-heisstudyingabroad.MayIcomein?Imaygowithyou,butI'mnotsureShecriedhereyesout.Somethingterriblemust___havehappened__(happen).Musthavedone是对过去所做事情的肯定推测，表示过去肯定做过某事，它的否定形式（过去肯定没有做某事）can’thavedone/couldn’thavedoneTheexperimentcan____becompleted_____(complete)ontime.3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。(1)be动词类:am,is,are,was,were(2)表示变化类:become,get,turn,grow,go(3)感官动词类:look,sound,smell,taste,feel(4)表示延续性的动词:remain,stay,keep改错Wearestudent.StudentstudentsItsoundbeautiful.SoundsoundsTheclothfeelssmoothly.SmoothlysmoothTheleavesturnintoredinautumn.Into去掉此处直接用turn+颜色就可以表示变成某种颜色填词1.Thenoise_grew___(grow)louderwhenIwaspreparedforsleep.2.Aconcert___willbeheld_____tocelebrateMayDaynextweek.(hold)3.Severalyearsagoanewgym__wasbuilt______forvisitorstotakeexercise.(build)4.Thestudents__havebeentold______howtolearnEnglishwellsincetheyenteredthenewschool(tell)5.He___couldswim______(会游泳)whenhewasfiveyearsold.6.Inaplane,allpassengers____havetowear_____(必须穿)seatbelts.7.Itcanbecoldinthemountaininwinter.(be)can此处表示推测，有可能。8.Shemayaccepttheinvitation,butshehasn'tmadeuphermind.9.It____can’tbe_____(不可能)acomfortabletripwithsomanypeopleinsuchasmallcar.10.Helookssadandhe__musthavebeentold______（肯定被告知）thedeathofhisgrandma.11.Whatyousaid____soundsinteresting________________(听起来很有趣).12.Whathesuggested____soundslikeagoodidea________________(听起来是个好主意).13.Thefoodinmyhometown____tastesdelicious________________(尝起来很美味).14.Theathleteonthestart___looksnervous_________________(看起来很紧张).15.Itwasahotsummerafternoon.Themilk____wentbad________________(变馊了).三.宾语Object宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作所及的对象,一般位于谓语之后。宾语有以下几种1.直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。可以作直接宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动名词短语、不定式短语、名词化的形容词和从句.翻译：1.纸很容易着火。(catchfire)Thepapercatchesfireeasily.2.你在哪买的那个？Wheredidyoubuythat?3.我们应该帮助穷人.Weshouldhelpthepoor.4.他最后决定听取我的建议。（decide，takeone’sadvice）Hedecidedtotakemyadvice.5.请停止发出噪音。（makenoise）Pleasestopmakingnoise.6.你明白我意思是什么没？DoyouunderstandwhatImean?2.双宾语1.舅舅送了我一件很好的礼物。Myunclesentmeaveryspecialpresent.2.他的外公给他做了一个风筝。Hisgrandpamadehimakite.3.复合宾语划出宾语和宾语补足语，什么做宾补？The

war

made

him

a

soldier.(___名词作宾语补足语__)New

machines

make

the

job

easy.(___形容词作宾语补足语)They

treated

her

as

a

child.(____介词作宾语补足语____)Please

help

me

to

put

these

books

in

order.(___不定式作宾语补足语_____)I

saw

a

stranger

waving

to

me.(__现在分词_作宾语补足语_____)You

should

get

the

work

done

by

tomorrow.(__过去分词_作宾语补足语_____)Note:有时在make,

think,find,feel,

consider后用it充当形式宾语,后接形容词或名词作宾语补足语,再后接充当真正宾语的从句、不定式.They

thinkitimportant

to

learn

English

well.We

feltita

pity

that

he

didn't

show

up

at

the

meeting.

Exercise

6:

Translate

the

Chinese

into

English.1.I_sawhimcleaningtheroom________when

I

entered

it.(看见她正在打扫房间)2.

She

was

dreaming

a

day

dream

when

she__heardhernamecalled________(听见自己的名字被叫)3.

To

her

surprise,

she___foundherselfinadifferentworld__(发现自己来到了一个不同的世界)4.

People

around

the

world___regardsmileas_afriendlyexpression____(认为微笑是友好的表示)5.

The

students__believeitimportanttokeepbalancebetweenstudyandlife__(觉得平衡学习和生活是重要的)6.

At

first

I_finditdifficulttounderstandhim._(觉得理解他是困难的)

四、定语

Attributive修饰名词、代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。1.前置定语如果定语是单个词,通常放在被修饰词的前面。可以作前置定语的有形容词、名词

名词所有格、代词、数词、现在分词及过去分词等。划出定语部分，判断什么充当定语。The

little

boy

needs

a

blue

pen.(___形容词_____)The

boy

needs

a

ball

pen.(__名词______)This

is

Tom'

s

father.(__名词所有格______)Open

your

mouth.(___形容词性物主代词_____)Two

boys

need

two

pens.(___数词_____)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(____现在分词____)Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.(__过去分词______)2.后置定语如果被修饰词是不定代词或作定语的是短语或从句,定语常放在被修饰词的后面可以充当后置定语的有形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语及定语从句等。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(____形容词____)Thebuildingsaroundwerebadlydamaged.(____介词____)Thebookonthedeskismine.(___介词短语_____)Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.(_不定式短语_______)Themanvisitingyourschoolisourheadmaster.(__现在分词短语______)Theproblemsolvedyesterdaywasveryimportant.(____过去分词短语____)Helosthisnewpenthatwasboughtlastweek.(___定语从句_____)Exercise7:翻译1.Themanisatennisplayer.那个外向的男人是一个在网球爱好者中很受欢迎的网球选手。Theoutgoingmanisatennisplayerwhoisverypopularamongtennisfans.______________________________________________________2.Thebookiswellreceivedamongthestudents。那本封面是黑色和白色的书在对体育有兴趣的学生中很受欢迎。Thebook,whosecoverisblackandwhite,iswellreceivedamongthestudentswhoareinterestedinsports.五、状语

Adverbial状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。修饰动词的状语常放在动词之后。如:

Listen

carefully!(但

often,

usually,

always,

st