全高考必考语法精讲精练：代词

高考必考语法精讲精练：代词代词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考考点。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对代词考查列了六项：①人称代词②物主代词③反身代词④指示代词⑤不定代词⑥疑问代词。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第54题（完形填空）考查的是代词whoever、whatever、whichever与whenever的辨析；第63题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法；第78题（短文改错）考查的是不定代词much与many的辨析，第80题（短文改错）考查的是your与our的辨析。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第44题（完形填空）考查的是代词each，another，this与that的辨析；第68题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法（给出代词it，根据题意须将其变为its）；第71题（短文改错）考查的是关系代词that与which的辨析；第79题（短文改错）考查的是our与his的辨析。2017高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题考查的是关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。III.不定代词用法注意点：1.one,some与any:1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon'thaveanybookmarks.Ihavesomequestionstoask.2)some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Couldyougivemesomemoney?3)some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.4)some和数词连用表示"大约"，any可与比较级连用表示程度。Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?2.each和every:each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary.Each(ofus)hasadictionary.Weeachhaveadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints.Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.3.none和no：no等于notany，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.4.other和another:1)other泛指"另外的，别的"常与其他词连用，如：theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指两者中的另外一个，复数为theothers。如：Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.2)another指"又一个，另一个"无所指，复数形式是others，泛指"别的人或事"如：Idon'tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmeanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.5.all和both,neither和eitherall表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish.NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Bothofusarenotteachers.Notbothofusareteachers.Eitherofusisateacher.IV.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·代词考点规律分析：短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。语法填空主要涉及代词的单复数、人称代词主格、宾格以及所有格之间的转换，反身代词及不定代词的用法等。代词单句改错之真题训练：如果有不懂得地方，可以在评论区留言咨询，我一定认真回答。1.Davidpointedtoapathwhichithethoughtwouldprobablyleadtoavillage.2.Whenwewalkedtothecar,Billsmiledandshookhead.3.Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.TheyhavebeentoEuropemanytimes.4.AndIcan'tforgetthegoodfoodyoucookedforI.5.Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.6.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.7.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.8.NowIcan'twatchmuchtelevision,butafewyearsago…9.I'llspendallthewholeweekendreadingandpreparingforit.10.IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks.11.…inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.12.Forexample,whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputtheminasecretplaceIcouldn'tfind.13.Thenheateitallbyhimself.Heneverhelpedother.14.IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.15.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.16.AtonceIapologizeandcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.17.Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionofyourown.18.What'smore,youhavetobefriendlywithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.代词单句改错之模拟训练：1.Herearesomelettersforyouandhe.2.Shelovesswimming.Itkeepsshefit.3.HerearethecatsAuntiebroughtus.Takegoodcareofit.4.Everyoneheregetsupearlierthanherdoes.5.Hereismydog.It'snameisPetty.6.Heopenedmouthasiftosaysomething.7.Don'tloseyourheart.Tryagain.8.TheSmithshavebeenmarried,buthavenochildrenofhisown.9.Itellhimeverything,forheisagoodfriendofme.10.Hesmiledatherandlaidherhandonhers.11.Whenyouareawayfromhome,youshouldlookafteryou.12.Ifyouhaveanyquestion,putuphand.13.It'saveryimportantthing.Youmustthinkovercarefully.14.Idon'tlikethese;pleaseshowmesomeother.15.Inordertocatchthethief,thepolicedidhisbest.16.Thisisthebookwhichyouboughtitformetenyearsago.17.I'mverysorryaboutallthewholething.18.WhenIgotup,Ifoundparentswerepreparingbreakfastforme.19.Yes,moneyisveryimportant,butitisnotanything.20.Attheairport,allhisbaggagewasstolen,butsoonhegotthemback.代词单句改错之提升训练：A级1.Shegavethebookstoyou,himandI.2.Whosedictionaryisthis?----It'smy.3.ThisisTom'scap,notyour.4.Ihaven'tbroughtthedictionarywithme.Willyoulendmeyour?5.Kateandhersisterwentonholidaywithacousinofhers.6.Heistooyoungtolookafterhe.7.Healwayshelpsothers.Thisiswhywetrusthim.8.Thattookhimthreehourstofinishthehomework.9.Whoisthatman?----Heisateacher.10.Theywerebothverytired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptotakearest.B级1.Itismewhoamgoingtohelpher.2.Hethinksmoreofothersthanofoneself.3.Wehadbetteraskthepresidenthimaboutit.4.ThatisexactlyallwhatIwanttotellyou.5.Whatshesaidisthesameasus.6.TheweatherinsummerinBeijingishotterthanitinGuangzhou.7.Herunsfasterthananyoneinhisclass.8.Idon'tthinkthatpossibletomasteraforeignlanguageinashorttime.9.Eachofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofthosehadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.代词单句语法填空之真题训练：1.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree－month－oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby________(it)mother.2.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.________aretheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.3.Forthefirsttime,Ifeelgoodabout________(me)becauseI'mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.4.Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.However,women,onaverage,livelonger.Ingeneral,________canexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.5.Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom________intheUK.6.Howwouldyoulike________ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?7.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,but________knowsthedateforsure.8.Towarmhimself，thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainstthe________.9.Nikiisalwaysfullofideas，but________isusefultomyknowledge.10.Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthan________insomelargerschool.11.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,but________containedanyusefulsuggestions.12.Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.________hereiswillingtolendyouahand.13.—WhenshallIcall，inthemorningorafternoon?—________.I'llbeinallday.14.She'dlivedinLondonandManchester，butsheliked________andmovedtoCambridge.15.Susanmade________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.16.I'dappreciate________ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.参考答案及解析语法专题二：代词代词单句改错之真题训练：1.去掉it，因它与其前的关系代词which语义重复)2.head前加his，汉语可"摇头"，而英语的习惯要说shakeone'shead3.They改为We，前后人称不一致4.I改为me，因介词之后的人称代词要用宾格5.去掉both。因both与后面的two意义重复，况且词序安排也不对6.his改为their，因前面的theSmiths指的是"史密斯夫妇"或"史密斯一家"，是复数意义7.they改为we，根据句意，主从句的主语应该一致8.去掉much，因为从下文看作者现在根本就不看电视9.去掉all，因all与whole语义重复10.it改为they，因它表示thoseclasses11.去掉any，因inotherwords为固定短语，意思是"换句话说"12.them改为it，因它指代上文提到的achocolatecake13.other改为others，others泛指"其他人"14.me改为myself，expressoneself为固定结构，意为"表明意思、意见，表达思想"15.showed后加it，showed在此作及物动词，后面缺少宾语16.me改为myself，根据主语和句意，此处应用反身代词17.your改为their，主语是moreandmorepeople，故用代词their18.him改为them，因为此处要代替的是yourpupils代词单句改错之模拟训练：【参考答案】1.he改为him，因与you并列用作介词for的宾语。2.she改为her，因用作动词keeps的宾语。3.it改为them，因它指代前面的cats。4.her改为she，因其后有动词does。5.It's改为Its，it's=itis/ithas，而its意为"它的"。6.mouth前加his，按英语习惯，此物主代词不能少。7.去掉your，比较：loseheart意为灰心，loseone'sheart意为爱上。8.his改为their，因其前相应的名词theSmiths(史密斯夫妇)表复数。9.me改为mine，afriendof后习惯上名词性物主代词，不接人称代词的宾格形式。10.将herhand中的her改为his，句意为"他对她笑了笑，把他的手放在她手上"。11.将最后一个you改为yourself，lookafteroneself意为"自己照顾自己"。12.hand前加your，否则不合英语习惯。13.think后加it，因thinkover为及物动词。14.other改为others，指另外的一些；若指另外的一个，可用another。15.his改为their，指代前面的thepolice(它永远表复数意义)。16.去掉it，因it与which语义重复。17.去掉all，因它与thewhole语义重复。18.parents前加my，否则不符合英语习惯。19.anything改为everything，否则语意不通。20.them改为it，因baggage为不可数名词。代词单句改错之提升训练：A级1.I改为me2.my改为mine3.your改为yours4.your改为yours5.hers改为theirs6.第二个he改为himself7.This改为That8.That改为The9.Who改为What10.none改为neitherB级1.me改为I2.oneself改为himself3.him改为himself4.What改为that或将all去掉5.us改为ours6.it改为that7.anyone后面加else8.That改为it9.Each改为None10.those改为which代词单句语法填空之真题训练：1．its[根据空格后的名词及前文中的alivelythree－month－oldtwin可知要用形容词性物主代词。]2．Those/These[根据句意：没消息就是好消息，好消息就是没消息。对于一些晚间播报和早报来说，这是(那是)经典法则。指代前面的两句话。]3．myself[根据句意：第一