新冠病毒英文简介

经典word整理文档，仅参考，转Word此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！Whatisacoronavirus?Coronavirusesarealargefamilyofvirusesfoundinbothanimalsandhumans.SomeinfectpeopleandareknowntocauseillnessrangingfromthecommoncoldtomoreseverediseasessuchasMiddleEastRespiratorySyndrome(MERS)andSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome(SARS).Whatisa"novel"coronavirus?Anovelcoronavirus(CoV)isanewstrainofcoronavirusthathasnotbeenpreviouslyidentifiedinhumans.Thenew,or“novel”coronavirus,nowcalled2019-nCoV,hadnotpreviouslydetectedbeforetheoutbreakwasreportedinWuhan,ChinainDecember2019.IsthenewvirusthesameasSARS?No,2019-nCoVisfromthesamefamilyofvirusesasSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome(SARS-CoV)butitisnotthesamevirus.Howdangerousisit?Aswithotherrespiratoryillnesses,infectionwith2019-nCoVcancausemildsymptomsincludingarunnynose,sorethroat,cough,andfever.Itcanbemoresevereforsomepersonsandcanleadtopneumoniaorbreathingdifficulties.Morerarely,thediseasecanbefatal.Olderpeople,andpeoplewithpre-existingmedicalconditions(suchas,diabetesandheartdisease)appeartobemorevulnerabletobecomingseverelyillwiththevirus.Canhumansbecomeinfectedwiththe2019-nCoVfromananimalsource?DetailedinvestigationsfoundthatSARS-CoVwastransmittedfromcivetcatstohumansinChinain2002andMERS-CoVfromdromedarycamelstohumansinSaudiArabiain2012.Severalknowncoronavirusesarecirculatinginanimalsthathavenotyetinfectedhumans.Assurveillanceimprovesaroundtheworld,morecoronavirusesarelikelytobeidentifiedTheanimalsourceofthe2019-nCoVhasnotyetbeenidentified.ThisdoesnotmeanyoucancatchnCoVfromanyanimalorfromyourpet.It’slikelythatananimalsourcefromaliveanimalmarketinChinawasresponsibleforsomeofthefirstreportedhumaninfections.Toprotectyourself,whenvisitingliveanimalmarkets,avoiddirectunprotectedcontactwithliveanimalsandsurfacesincontactwithanimals.Theconsumptionofraworundercookedanimalproductsshouldbeavoided.Rawmeat,milkoranimalorgansshouldbehandledwithcare,toavoidcross-contaminationwithuncookedfoods,aspergoodfoodsafetypractices.WhatcanIdotoprotectmyself?WashyourhandsfrequentlyWashyourhandsfrequentlywithsoapandwateroruseanalcohol-basedhandrubifyourhandsarenotvisiblydirty.Why?Washingyourhandswithsoapandwaterorusingalcohol-basedhandrubeliminatesthevirusifitisonyourhands.PracticerespiratoryhygieneWhencoughingandsneezing,covermouthandnosewithflexedelbowortissue–discardtissueimmediatelyintoaclosedbinandcleanyourhandswithalcohol-basedhandruborsoapandwater.Why?Coveringyourmouthandnosewhencoughingandsneezingpreventthespreadofgermsandviruses.Ifyousneezeorcoughintoyourhands,youmaycontaminateobjectsorpeoplethatyoutouch.MaintainsocialdistancingMaintainatleast1metre(3feet)distancebetweenyourselfandotherpeople,particularlythosewhoarecoughing,sneezingandhaveafever.Why?Whensomeonewhoisinfectedwitharespiratorydisease,like2019-nCoV,coughsorsneezestheyprojectsmalldropletscontainingthevirus.Ifyouaretooclose,youcanbreatheinthevirus.Avoidtouchingeyes,noseandmouthWhy?Handstouchmanysurfaceswhichcanbecontaminatedwiththevirus.Ifyoutouchyoureyes,noseormouthwithyourcontaminatedhands,youcantransferthevirusfromthesurfacetoyourself.Ifyouhavefever,coughanddifficultybreathing,seekmedicalcareearlyTellyourhealthcareproviderifyouhavetraveledinanareainChinawhere2019-nCoVhasbeenreported,orifyouhavebeeninclosecontactwithsomeonewithwhohastraveledfromChinaandhasrespiratorysymptoms.Why?Wheneveryouhavefever,coughanddifficultybreathingit’simportanttoseekmedicalattentionpromptlyasthismaybeduetoarespiratoryinfectionorotherseriouscondition.Respiratorysymptomswithfevercanhavearangeofcauses,anddependingonyourpersonaltravelhistoryandcircumstances,2019-nCoVcouldbeoneofthem.IfyouhavemildrespiratorysymptomsandnotravelhistorytoorwithinChinaIfyouhavemildrespiratorysymptomsandnotravelhistorytoorwithinChina,carefullypracticebasicrespiratoryandhandhygieneandstayhomeuntilyouarerecovered,ifpossible.Asageneralprecaution,practicegeneralhygienemeasureswhenvisitingliveanimalmarkets,wetmarketsoranimalproductmarketsEnsureregularhandwashingwithsoapandpotablewateraftertouchinganimalsandanimalproducts;avoidtouchingeyes,noseormouthwithhands;andavoidcontactwithsickanimalsorspoiledanimalproducts.Strictlyavoidanycontactwithotheranimalsinthemarket(e.g.,straycatsanddogs,rodents,birds,bats).Avoidcontactwithpotentiallycontaminatedanimalwasteorfluidsonthesoilorstructuresofshopsandmarketfacilities.AvoidconsumptionofraworundercookedanimalproductsHandlerawmeat,milkoranimalorganswithcare,toavoidcross-contaminationwithuncookedfoods,aspergoodfoodsafetypractices.ShouldIwearamasktoprotectmyself?Wearingamedicalmaskcanhelplimitthespreadofsomerespiratorydisease.However,usingamaskaloneisnotguaranteedtostopinfectionsandshouldbecombinedwithotherpreventionmeasuresincludinghandandrespiratoryhygieneandavoidingclosecontact–atleast1metre(3feet)distancebetweenyourselfandotherpeople.WHOadvisesonrationaluseofmedicalmasksthusavoidingunnecessarywastageofpreciousresourcesandpotentialmisuseofmasks(seeAdviceontheuseofmasks).Thismeansusingmasksonlyifyouhaverespiratorysymptoms(coughingorsneezing),havesuspected2019-nCoVinfectionwithmildsymptomsorarecaringforsomeonewithsuspected2019-nCoVinfection.Asuspected2019-nCoVinfectionislinkedtotravelinanareainChinawhere2019-nCoVhasbeenreported,orclosecontactwithsomeonewhohastraveledfromChinaandhasrespiratorysymptoms.Howtoputon,use,takeofanddisposeofamask1.Beforeputtingonamask,washhandswithalcohol-basedhandruborsoapandwater2.Covermouthandnosewithmaskandmakesuretherearenogapsbetweenyourfaceandthemask3.Avoidtouchingthemaskwhileusingit;ifyoudo,cleanyourhandswithalcohol-basedhandruborsoapandwater4.Replacethemaskwithanewoneassoonasitisdampanddonotre-usesingle-usemasks5.Toremovethemask:removeitfrombehind(donottouchthefrontofmask);discardimmediatelyinaclosedbin;washhandswithalcohol-basedhandruborsoapandwaterWhocancatchthisvirus?eoplelivingortravellinginanareawherethe2019-nCoVvirusiscirculatingmaybeatriskofinfection.Atpresent,2019-nCoViscirculatinginChinawherethevastmajorityofpeopleinfectedhavebeenreported.ThoseinfectedfromothercountriesareamongpeoplewhohaverecentlytraveledfromChinaorwhohavebeenlivingorworkingcloselywiththosetravellers,suchasfamilymembers,co-workersormedicalprofessionalscaringforapatientbeforetheyknewthepatientwasinfectedwith2019-nCoV.Healthworkerscaringforpersonswhoaresickwith2019-nCoVareathigherriskandmustprotectthemselveswithappropriateinfectionpreventionandcontrolprocedures.WHOiscontinuouslymonitoringtheepidemiologyofthisoutbreaktobetterunderstandwherethevirusiscirculatingandhowpeoplecanprotectthemselvesfrominfection.Formoreinformation,seeWHO’slatestsituationreports.Whoisatriskofdevelopingsevereillness?Whilewestillneedtolearnmoreabouthow2019-nCoVaffectspeople,thusfar,olderpeople,andpeoplewithpre-existingmedicalconditions(suchasdiabetesandheartdisease)appeartobemoreatriskofdevelopingseveredisease.Howdoesthevirusspread?Thenewcoronavirusisarespiratoryviruswhichspreadsprimarilythroughcontactwithaninfectedpersonthroughrespiratorydropletsgeneratedwhenaperson,forexample,coughsorsneezes,orthroughdropletsofsalivaordischargefromthenose.Itisimportantthateveryonepracticegoodrespiratoryhygiene.Forexample,sneezeorcoughintoaflexedelbow,oruseatissueanddiscarditimmediatelyintoaclosedbin.Itisalsoveryimportantforpeopletowashtheirhandsregularlywitheitheralcohol-basedhandruborsoapandwater.What'sthedifferencebetweenillnesscausedbythefluoracold?Peoplewith2019-nCoVinfection,theflu,oracoldtypicallydeveloprespiratorysymptomssuchasfever,coughandrunnynose.Eventhoughmanysymptomsarealike,theyarecausedbydifferentviruses.Becauseoftheirsimilarities,itcanbedifficulttoidentifythediseasebasedonsymptomsalone.That’swhylaboratorytestsarerequiredtoconfirmifsomeonehas2019-nCoV.Asalways,WHOrecommendsthatpeoplewhohavecough,feveranddifficultybreathingshouldseekmedicalcareearly.Patientsshouldinformhealthcareprovidersiftheyhavetravelledinthe14daysbeforetheydevelopedsymptoms,oriftheyhavebeeninclosecontactwithsomeonewithwhohasbeensickwithrespiratorysymptoms.Howlongistheincubationperiod?Theincubationperiodisthetimebetweeninfectionandtheonsetofclinicalsymptomsofdisease.Currentestimatesoftheincubationperiodrangefrom1-12.5dayswithmedianestimatesof5-6days.Theseestimateswillberefinedasmoredatabecomeavailable.Basedoninformationfromothercoronavirusdiseases,suchasMERSandSARS,theincubationperiodof2019-nCoVcouldbeupto14days.WHOrecommendsthatthefollow-upofcontactsofconfirmedcasesis14days.IsitsafetoreceiveapackagefromChinaoranyotherplacewherethevirushasbeenidentified?Yes,itissafe.Peoplereceivingpackagesarenotatriskofcontractingthenewcoronavirus.Fromexperiencewithothercoronaviruses,weknowthatthesetypesofvirusesdon’tsurvivelongonobjects,suchaslettersorpackages.Arethereanyspecificmedicinestopreventortreat2019-nCoV?Todate,thereisnospecificmedicinerecommendedtopreventortreatthenovelcoronavirus.However,t