经济金融术语汉英对照表2

经济金融术语汉英对照表A安全网safetynet按可比口径oncomparablebasis按轻重缓急toprioritize暗补implicitsubsidy暗亏hiddenlossB颁发营业执照tolicense;tograntalicenceto办理存款业务totakedeposits保护农民的生产积极性toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce备付金（超额准备金）excessreserves本外币并账consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts本外币对冲操作sterilizationoperation本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do避税（请见“逃税”）taxavoidance币种搭配不当currencymismatch币种构成currencycomposition变相社会集资disguisedirregular（orillegal）fundraising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheetitems（operation）薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes不变成本fixedcost不变价atconstantprice;inrealterms不动产realestate不良贷款（资产）problemloans；non-performingloans（assets）C财务公司financecompanies财政赤字fiscaldeficit财政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank（overmonetarypolicy）财政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies采取循序渐进的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner操作弹性operationalflexibility操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate产品构成productcomposition;productmix产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory产销率currentperiodinventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/outputratio产销衔接marketability产业政策industrialpolicy长期国债treasurybonds敞口头寸openposition炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket承购包销underwrite（securities）成套机电产品completesetsofequipment;completeplant（s）城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks城市商业银行municipalcommercialbanks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome持续升温persistentoverheating重复布点duplicateprojects重置成本replacementcost重组计划restructuringplan筹资渠道fundingsources;financingchannels初见成效initialsuccess出口统一管理、归口经营canalizationofexports出口退税exporttaxrebate储蓄存款householddeposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）储蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits储源萎缩declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings传导机制transmissionmechanism从价税advaloremtax从紧控制tightcontrol存贷款比例loan/depositratio存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem存款货币银行depositmoneybanks存款准备金requiredreservesD打白条issueIOU大额存单certificateofdeposit（CD）大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono-banksystem呆账（请见“坏账”）badloans呆账准备金loanlossreserves（provisions）呆滞贷款idleloans贷款沉淀non-performingloans贷款分类loanclassification贷款限额管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理国库toactasfiscalagent代理金融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions戴帽贷款ear-markedloans倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition道德风险moralhazard地区差别regionaldisparity第一产业theprimaryindustry第二产业thesecondaryindustry第三产业theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry递延资产deferrableassets订货不足insufficientorders定期存款timedeposits定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources东道国（请见“母国”）hostcountry独立核算independentaccounting短期国债treasurybills对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financialsector多种所有制形式diversifiedownershipE恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation二级市场secondarymarketF发行货币toissuecurrency发行总股本totalstockissue法定准备金requiredreserves;reserverequirement法人股institutionalshares法人股东institutionalshareholders法治ruleoflaw房地产投资realestateinvestment放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring）非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem分业经营segregationoffinancialbusiness（services）;divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions风险暴露（风险敞口）riskexposure风险管理riskmanagement风险意识riskawareness风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstandard服务事业收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges扶贫povertyalleviation负增长negativegrowth复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccountG改革试点reformexperimentation杠杆率leverageratio杠杆收购leveragedbuyout高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest个人股non-institutionalshares根本扭转fundamentalturnaround（orreversal）公开市场操作openmarketoperations公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts公用事业publicutilities公有经济thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector公有制publicownership工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio工业增加值industrialvalueadded供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply鼓励措施incentives股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises股份制企业joint-equityenterprises股份制银行joint-equitybanks固定资产贷款fixedassetloans关税减免tariffreductionandexemption关税减让tariffconcessions关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment规范行为toregularize（orstandardize）…behavior规模效益economiesofscale国计民生nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood国家对个人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals国家风险countryrisk国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor国际收支balanceofpayments国有独资商业银行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks国有经济（部门）thestate-owned（orpublic）sector国有企业state-ownedenterprises（SOEs）国有制state-ownership国有资产流失erosionofstateassets国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase国债一级自营商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities过度竞争excessivecompetition过度膨胀excessiveexpansion过热迹象signsofoverheatingH合理预期rationalexpectation核心资本corecapital合资企业joint-ventureenterprises红利dividend宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement（oradjustment）宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives（ortargets）坏账baddebt还本付息debtservice换汇成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings汇兑在途fundsinfloat汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates活期存款demanddeposits汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership货币政策态势monetarypolicystance货款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliersJ基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure基本经济要素economicfundamentals基本适度broadlyappropriate基准利率benchmarkinterestrate机关团体存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions机会成本opportunitycost激励机制incentivemechanism积压严重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory挤提存款runonbanks挤占挪用unwarranteddiversionof（financial）resources（fromdesignateduses）技改投资investmentintechnologicalupgrading技术密集型产品technology-intensiveproduct计划单列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus计划经济plannedeconomy集体经济thecollectivesector加大结构调整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment加工贸易processingtrade加快态势acceleratingtrend加强税收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration加权价weightedaverageprice价格放开priceliberalization价格形成机制pricingmechanism减亏toreducelosses简化手续tocutredtape;tosimplify（streamline）procedures交投活跃brisktrading缴存准备金todepositrequiredreserves结构扭曲structuraldistortion结构失调structuralimbalance结构性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance结构优化structuralimprovement（optimization）结汇、售汇saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange金融脆弱financialfragility金融动荡financialturbulence金融风波financialdisturbance金融恐慌financialpanic金融危机financialcrisis金融压抑financialrepression金融衍生物financialderivatives金融诈骗financialfraud紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy紧缩政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibility经济特区specialeconomiczones（SEZs）经济体制改革economicreform经济增长方式的转变changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth（frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains）经济增长减速economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth经济制裁economicsanction经营自主权autonomyinmanagement景气回升recoveryinbusinessactivity境外投资overseasinvestment竞争加剧intensifyingcompetition局部性金融风波localized（isolated）financialdisturbanceK开办人民币业务toengageinRMBbusiness可维持（可持续）经济增长sustainableeconomicgrowth可变成本variablecost可自由兑换货币freelyconvertiblecurrency控制现金投放controlcurrencyissuance扣除物价因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis库存产品inventory跨国银行业务cross-borderbanking跨年度采购cross-yearprocurement会计准则accountingstandardL来料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport离岸银行业务off-shorebanking（business）理顺外贸体制torationalizeforeigntraderegime利率杠杆的调节作用theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation利润驱动profit-driven利息回收率interestcollectionratio联行清算inter-banksettlement连锁企业franchise（businesses）;chainbusinesses良性循环virtuouscycle两极分化growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution零售物价指数retailpriceindex（RPI）流动性比例liquidityratio流动资产周转率/流通速度velocityofliquidassets流动资金贷款workingcapitalloans流通体制distributionsystem流通网络distributionnetwork留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）hirepurchase垄断行业monopolizedindustry（sector）乱集资irregular（illegal）fundraising乱收费irregular（illegal）charges乱摊派unjustified（arbitrary）leviesM买方市场buyer'smarket卖方市场seller'smarket卖出回购证券matchedsaleofrepo贸易差额tradebalance民间信用non-institutionalizedcredit免二减三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears明补explicitsubsidy明亏explicitloss名牌产品brandproducts母国（请见“东道国”）homecountryN内部控制internalcontrol内部审计internalaudit内地与香港themainlandandHongKong内债domesticdebt扭亏为盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone扭曲金融分配distortedallocationoffinancialresources农副产品采购支出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement农村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives（RCCs）P泡沫效应bubbleeffect泡沫经济bubbleeconomy培育新的经济增长点totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth片面追求发展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth平衡发展balanceddevelopment瓶颈制约bottleneck（constraints）平稳回升steadyrecovery铺底流动资金initial（start-up）workingcapital普遍回升broad-basedrecovery配套改革concomitant（supporting）reforms配套人民币资金localcurrencyfundingof…Q企业办社会enterprisesburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities企业集团战略corporategroupstrategy企业兼并重组companymergerandrestructuring企业领导班子enterprisemanagement企业所得税enterprise（corporate）incometax企业效益corporateprofitability企业资金违规流入股市irregularflowofenterprisefundsintothestockmarket欠税taxarrears欠息overdueinterest强化税收征管tostrengthentaxadministration强制措施enforcementaction翘尾因素carryovereffect切一刀partialapplication清理收回贷款cleanupandrecoverloans（破产）清算liquidation倾斜政策preferentialpolicy区别对待differentialtreatment趋势加强intensifyingtrend全球化globalization权益回报率returnsonequity（ROE）缺乏后劲unsustainablemomentumR绕规模贷款tocircumventcreditceiling人均国内生产总值percapitaGDP人均收入percapitaincome人民币升值压力upwardpressureontheRenminbi（exchangerate）认缴资本subscribedcapital软贷款softloans软预算约束softbudgetconstraint软着陆softlandingS三角债chaindebts;inter-enterprisearrears善政廉政goodgovernance商业贷款commercialloans上市公司（publicly）listedcorporations设备利用capacityutilization社会保障socialsafetynet;socialsecurity（insurance）深层次矛盾deep-rootedstructuralimbalance审批金融机构tolicensefinancialinstitutions审慎监管prudentialsupervision生产能力闲置unutilizedcapacity生息资产interest-bearingassets实际利用外资disbursementofforeigncapital;actualinflowofforeigninvestment实际有效汇率realeffectiveexchangerate实时realtime实收资本paid-incapital实现利润realizedprofit市场分割marketsegmentation市场经济marketeconomy市场占有率（市场份额）marketshare市场准入marketaccess（指商品和劳务的进入）；marketentry（指机构的审批）市价总值marketcapitalization适度从紧appropriatelytight适时调节timelyadjustment收回对金融机构贷款torecallcentralbankloans（tofinancialinstitutions）税后还贷amortization（repaymentofloans）aftertax税收流失taxerosion税源不足weaktaxbase私营经济（私人经济）theprivatesector私有制privateownership所有者权益owner'sequity册T膜逃税乘（请乖见“低避税某”）伴t移a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nisteredplan制定和实施货币政策toconductmonetarypolicy;toformulateandimplementmonetarypolicy滞后影响laggedeffect中介机构intermediaries中央与地方财政delineationoffiscalresponsibilities分灶吃饭重点建设keyconstructionprojects;keyin