2020版高中英语新课标新增334个词汇强化训练 11

2020版高中英语新课标新增334个词汇强化训练11Cooperate,core,corporate9costume,council?county【核心提示】cooperatevi合作；协作；配合coren[C]果核；核心；最重要的部分adj基础的；核心的corporateadj公司的；团体的costumen[C]&[U]（某地或某历史时期的）服装|；戏装counciln[C]委员会；理事会；（英国的）地方议会countyn[C]（英国的）郡；（美国的）县一、单项选择.Ifshelpfultoputstudentsinasituationtheycanlearnhowtocooperatewitheachother.A.that B.when C.which D.petenceinacquiringEnglishtodaycomesfromtheabilitytoexpressoneselfratherthaninsimplypassingexams.A.Due B.RawC.Core D.Keen.Ourcapacityforinnovationisnotstrong,andourweaknesscoretechnologiesforkeyfieldsremainsavitalproblem.A.inresponseto B.inlinewithC.infaceof D.intermsof.Duringthelongsummerholidays,itisaforAmericanchildrentospendseveralweeksatsummercamps.A.costume B.custom C.customer D.feast.thecostumeandinthewing,thecomedianmovedhislipsasifrepeatingthelines.A.Dressedin,waiting B.Dressingin,waitingC.Puttingon,wait D.Havingon,bewaiting.AftertheUNSecurityCouncilimposedmostserioussanctionsonPyongyang,isneedednowisforall填onto.考查虚拟语气。表示命令、要求、建议的词order,command,request,require,demand,suggest等后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略，故填(should)cooperate。.考查固定搭配。ratherthan而不是，故填rather。.考查词性转换。inorderto为了，后跟动词原形,succeed成功，是动词,故填succeedo.考查固定句型。so.・.that如此……以至于・・.，信息和知识传播得很快，以至于没有人能够掌握所有的知识和信息,故填thato.考查固定搭配。by通过，是介词，后跟动名词，bybeingflexible通过变得灵活，故填being。.考查介词。_cooperation,wewilldevelopstrongerrelationships通过合作，我们将会建立起更加牢固的人际关系，故填Through/By。.考查非限制性定语从句。_arethesourceofhappinessandsatisfactioninlife这些人际关系是我们的幸福感和满足感的来源，which指代relationships,故填whicho考点：考查词性转换；固定搭配；固定短语；结果状语从句；非限制性定语从句2【答案】28.decorated29.attracting30.haswelcomed/hasbeenwelcoming31.but32.Obviously33.costumes34.greater35.where36.acceptance37.in【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要说明了中国越来越多的人开始穿传统的“汉服”，这些具有历史意义的汉族服饰正在复兴，部分原因是政府正在推广传统文化，以增强爱国主义和民族认同感，同时说明了汉服的服装特点，以不同的人为例来说明汉服的意义和影响。.考查非谓语动词。decoraled此处做后置定语，修饰robe,意为：身穿一件以花卉刺绣装饰的古代飘逸长袍，decorate和robe之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填decoratedo.考查非谓语动词。attracting这里用现在分词表示自然而然的结果。故填attracting。.考查时态。haswelcomed/hasbeenwelcoming此处是对谓语动词的考查，从duringthelasedecades这个时间状语，可知为现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填haswelcomed/hasbeenwelcomingo.考查连词。句意：在过去的几十年，中国人接受了西方的时尚和先进的未来技术，但是越来越多像肖航这样的年轻人在穿着打扮上追求复古，穿起了汉服。所以前后句意是转折关系，故填but。.考查副词。此处副词obviously修饰整个句子，用副词。故用Obviously。.考查名词。根据these可以推出此处主语应为复数，costume应使用复数形式。故填costumes0.考查形容词比较级。根据后面的higherdemand可以看出这里存在一个比较关系，因此用比较级，故填greatero.考查定语从句关系词。句意：肖航现在经营汉服生意，主要为汉服摄影顾客提供服装搭配服务，有时还会策划汉服形式婚礼。该句先行词是抽象的地点名词business,在定语从句中作地点状语。故填whereo.考查名词。该句中wide是形容词，后面修饰名词，故填acceptance0.考查固定搭配。此处inpublic,表示“公开地，在公共场合”，为固定搭配。故填in。partiestoshowwisdomandpatience.B.whatA.whichB.whatC.that D.whothepathofacountyistherightoneisamattertobedecidedbyitspeople.A.That B.What C.Whether D.Why一Whendidthecoupledie?—ItwasonMaytheearthquakehitWenchuanCounty.A.that B.which C.when D.whatItisreportedthatthescientistsinourcountyareallpossiblewaystocontrolH1N1flu.A.operatingB.designingC.replacing D.exploring二、阅读理解1Everwonderedwhetherpunishmentactuallymakespeoplecooperate（合作）？Ateamofscientistscreatedanexperimenttofigureitoutandtheresultswereprettyunexpected.Tounderstandwhattheyfound,youhavetoknowwhythesescientistswerestudyingpunishment.Theyweretryingtofigureoutwhypeoplecooperatewhenit'softensoeasytoprofitatothersexpense.Whydon'tfriendsstealfromeachother?Whydoparentsbothertofeedtheirchildren?Iftheanswertothesequestionsisobvioustoyou,congratulations,youareaheadofscientists.They'restilltryingtofigureit_put.Inthisexperiment,researchershad225Chinesestudentsplayagame^hereifthestudentscooperated^hey^allgetanumberofpoints.Butifonedefected（变节）andeveryoneelsecooperated,thedefectorwouldgetalotofpoints,andthecooperatorswouldloseout.Thisgamerepresentsalotofreallifesituationswhereyoustrugglewithadecision:worktogetheranddoOK,orrunoffwiththerewards,ruiningeverybodyelse'sday.Thisisactuallyaprettyordinaryeconomicexperiment.Buttheresearchersaddedtwochangestoseeiftheycouldmimic（模拟〉therealworldbetter.Changeone:somestudentsplayedmanyroundstogether,sothey'dlearnwhotheycouldtrust.Changetwo:peoplecouldpunisheachother,sacrificingapointortwotodestroyanotherplayer'sscore.Intheend,theresearchersfoundthatplayingmultipleroundsmadepeoplecooperatemore,whichdefinitelymimicshumansociety.Butthewholepunishmentthingledtoasurprise:punishingdidn'tactuallymakepeoplecooperatemore.Infact,itmadethemcooperateless.Sothescientistsstilldon'tknowwhypeoplecooperate,thoughitlookslikeithasmoretodowithgroupsstickingtogetherthanitdoeswithpunishment..Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?A.Whyfriendsdon'tstealfromeachother.B.Whyresearchersarestudyingpunishment.C.Whypeoplealwaysprofitatothers'expense.D.Whypeoplecooperateratherthantakeadvantageofothers.l.Whathappenedtoadefectorintheexperiment?A.Helostout. B.Hebenefitedmore.C.Hegotpunished. D.Hebecametheleader..Whatconclusionisdrawnfromtheexperiment?A.Punishinghelpspeoplerealizetheirmistakes.B.Cooperatingisawin-winpolicytoall.C.Punishmentwon'tworkasexpected.D.Peoplewhochoosetocooperateareselfless..Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Doespunishingpeopleactuallywork?B.Whyispunishmentappliedtocooperation?C.Howcanpunishmentcontributetocooperation?D.Whatisthebestwaytomakepunishmenteffective?2TheOccupyWallStreetprotestmovementhasraisedseriousquestionsabouttheroleofcapitalistinstitutions,particularlycorporationsinAmericansociety.WellbeforethefirstprotestersetfootinZucottiPark,aheckler(扰乱分子)urgedMittRomneytotaxcorporationsratherthanpeopie.Romney'sresponse—"Corporationsarepeople”stirredabriefbutintensecontroversy.Nowthousandsofdemonstratorshaveineffectjoinedtheheckler,denouncing(抨击)corporationsas“enemiesofthepeople.”Farmoreimportantthanquestionsaboutwhatcorporationsareisthequestionofwhatattitudeweshouldhavetowardthem.Shouldwe,ascorporatepublicrelationsstatementsoftensuggest,thinkofthemasfriends(ifwebuyandaresatisfiedwiththeirproducts)orasfamily(ifweworkforthem)?Doesitmakesensetobeloyaltoacorporationaseitheracustomerorasanemployee?Moregenerally,evengrantedthatcorporationsarenotfullypersonsinthewaythatindividualsare,dotheyhavesomeimportantmoralstandinginoursociety?Myanswertoallthesequestionsisno,becausecorporationshavenocorededicationtofundamentalhumanvalues.Suchcorporationsexistasinstrumentsofprofitfortheirshareholders.Infact,lefttothemselves,theycanbeseriousthreatstohumanvaluesthatconflictwiththegoalofcorporateprofit.Corporationsareaparticularthreattotruth,avalueessentialinademocracy,whichplacesapremiumontheinformeddecisionsofindividualcitizens.Thecorporatethreatismostapparentinadvertising,whichexplicitlyaimsatconvincingustopreferaproductregardlessofitsactualmerit.Theirdefininggoalistogenerateprofit.Therearecaseswhentellingthetruthisthebestmeanstoadvancecorporateprofits.In1982,whensevenpeopleinChicagodiedfrompoisonedTylenol,Johnson&Johnsonappealedtoitscredo,whichmakesconcernforitscustomersprimarycorporategoal,andtoldtheentiretruthaboutwhathadhappened.Thishonestyturnedapotentialpublic-relationsdisasterintoatriumph.ButJohnson&Johnson'simpressivecorporatecredoendsbysaying,“Ourfinalresponsibilityistoourstockholdersandmustmakesolidprofit.Thecredoisunclearaboutwhathappenswhenthereisaconflictbetweenresponsibleactionandlong-termprofit.Noneofthismeansthatcorporationsareevilorthatsocialismshouldreplacethefree-enterprisesystem.AsMichelFoucaultsaidofallpowerstructures,it'snotthatcorporationsarebadbutthattheyaredangerous.Theself-servingcorporatespeechthatfillsourmediaandhallsofgovernmentisparticularlydangerousforourdemocracy.Atleastforthisreason,theOccupyWallStreetprotestersarerighttodistrustcorporations.14.MittRomneymostprobablybelievesthat.A.individualsshouldpaymoretaxesthancorporationsB.corporationsshouldnotbeforcedtopaymoretaxesC.peopleshouldcaremoreaboutcorporations'developmentD.corporationsshouldenjoyallthelegalrightsaspeopledoAccordingtoParagraphs2and3,itcanbeinferredthatcorporations.A.shouldbesetasmoralexamplesofthesocietyB.takeemployees,faithfulnessaspartoftheirgoalsC.contributelittletothemostessentialhumanvaluesD.areactuallymeansbywhichpeopleshareprofits16.The1982eventiscitedinParagraph3toillustratethatA.colorationsalwaysmakeprofitsattheexpenseofpeople'shealthB.customersshouldalwayskeepaneyeonthequalityofanyproductC.corporationstakeeconomicprofitastheirpriorityessentiallyD.corporationprofitisalwaysincontradictionwithcustomerinterests17.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Corporations,PeopleandTruthB.CorporationsAreDifferentfromPeopleC.CorporationsAreUntrustworthyD.TheOccupyWallStreetProtest三、语法填空1Today,manypeoplethink18.(compete)isthekeytosuccess.Theypursuetheirown19.(person)goalswithnoregardforthepeoplearoundthem.Ibelievesuchthinkingis2£Lofdate.Contemporarysocietydemandsthatwe2-L(cooperate)withothers.Realsuccesswillcomewhenwegrowtogether,22Jhanholdeachotherdown.Inorderto23.(success),wemustcooperatetosolveproblems.Today,informationandknowledgearegrowingsorapidly24.noindividualcanmastereverything.Weneedeachothertofillinthegapsinourknowledgeandunderstanding.By25.(be)flexible,supportiveandwillingtocompromise,wewillhavemoresuccessinourlivesanderation,wewilldevelopstrongerrelationships.27.arethesourceofhappinessandsatisfactioninlife,andachievemore.2阅读下而材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Dressedinnflowinglongrobe28,(decorate)withfloralembroidery(花卉刺绣)fromapastera,stylistXiaoHanglookslikeshesurfacedfromatimemachine.ShewalksacrossthenoisyBeijingsubway,29.(attract)curiousglancesandquestions.China池(welcome)westernfashionandfuturistictechnologyduringthelastdecades,agrowingnumberofyoungpeoplelikeXiaoarelookingtothepastfortheirdressingchoices. (obvious),theyprefertoputontraditional“hanfu"，or“Hanclothingv.Thesehistoric翁(costume)oftheHanethnicmajorityareenjoyingarenaissancebecausethegovernmentispromotingtraditionalculture.Perioddramashavealsocontributedtoa31-.(great)interestintraditionalChineseclothingandahigherdemandforit.Xiao,whousedtoworkatastate-ownedmachinemanufacturingcompany,nowrunsherownhanfubusiness^,shedressescustomersforphotoshootsandevenplanshanfu-styleweddings.However,thereissomewaybeforethestylereacheswide(accept)inChina.Manypeoplesaytheirhesitationisduetotheoddlookstheygetwhenwearinghanfu37.public.答案与解析一、l.D【解析】试题分析：句意：将学生置于可以让他们学会怎么彼此合作的形势下是很有帮助的。这里使用了定语从句，先行词是situation,定语从句中不缺主宾表，缺少的是地点状语，用where引导定语从句，所以选D。考点：考查定语从句.C【解析】【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：当今，英语学习的核心能力来自于表达自己的能力，而不是简单的通过考试的能力。A.due到期的，预期的；B.raw生的，无经验的；C.core最重要的，主要的，基本的；D.keen渴望的；强烈的。故选Co.D【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们的创新能力并不强，我们在关键领域的核心科技的弱点依然是个重要的问题。inresponseto响应,回答;inlinewith…与…一致，相符;infaceof...面对；intermsof在…方面。指在某方面的弱点，故选Do.D【解析】试题分析：考查名词。A.costume服装；B.custom风俗习惯；C.customer顾客；D.feast节日，宴会。长署假期间，这是美国孩子在夏令营度过的几周中的一次宴会。故选D。考点：考查名词.A【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词。动词dress与句子主语thecomedian构成被动关系，所以其过去分词的形式，dressed已经转换成形容词。动词waiting与thecomedian构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词充当状语。句意：穿着戏服在后台等待，这个戏剧演员动嘴唇好像在重复台词。故A正确。考点：考查非谓语动词6.B【解析】考查名词从句的连接词。句意：联合国安理会对平壤实施了最严厉的制裁之后，现在需要的是各方拿出智慧和耐心。分析句子可知_isneedednow是名词从句，名词从句中缺少主语，指物作主语，要用what,名词从句中如果不缺少成分要用that,缺少人，在用who,而what与which的区别在于what没有范围而which有范围，分析本句中可知没有范围，故选B.C【详解】考查主语从句。句意：一个县城的道路是否是正确的路，由它的人民决定。分析句子可知，"thepathofacountyistherightone”是名词性从句中的主语从句，不缺成分，但缺少意思“是否"，whether/if（是否）符合句意，因为引导主语从句只能用whether,故选C。.A【解析】本题考查强调句。强调句结构：itis/was…that…,强调时间状语onMay12,故选A。.D【解析】词义辨析。A.操作B.设计；计划C.代替D.探索；句意：据报道我国的科学家正在探索所有可能的方法来控制H1N1流感病毒。结合语境可知选D。二、1【答案】10.D11.B.C.A【分析】本文是一篇议论文。惩罚别人真的有用吗？文章通过实验表明，惩罚不会像预期的那样起作用。.词义指代题。根据第二段第二句Theyweretryingtofigureoutwhypeoplecooperatewhenit'softensoeasyto7profitatothersexpense.他们试图弄明白为什么当人们很容易以别人的利益为代价时而是选择合作。可知，第二段最后一句中的it指的就是“为什么人们合作而不是利用别人”，故D项正确。.细节理解题。根据第三段中Butifonedefected（^7?）andeveryoneelsecooperated,thedefectorwouldgetalotofpoints,andthecooperatorswouldloseout.可知，在这个试验中背叛者获得利益更多。故B项正确。12.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Butthewholepunishmentthingledtoasurprise:punishingdidn'tactuallymakepeoplecooperatemore.Infact,itmadethemcooperateless.可知,实验表明惩罚不会像预期的那样起作用。故C项正确。13.主旨大意题。根据第一段Everwonderedwhetherpunishmentactuallymakespeoplecooperate伶作）？Ateamofscientistscreatedanexperimenttofigureitoutandtheresultswereprettyunexpected.可知本文讲述的是“惩罚别人真的有用吗？''故A项正确。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括（如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词）。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是介绍一个研究结果的，该类文章的中心一般就在第一段。因此，考生直接抓住第一段中的Everwonderedwhetherpunishmentactuallymakespeoplecooperate（合作）?Ateamofscientistscreatedanexperimenttof