翻译理论基础7 风格与翻译

Lecture7StyleandLiteraryTranslation

whatisthedifference?1)Nowallowmetoproposeatoasttothefriendshipbetween…2)Here’stothehealthofourfriends!3)Cheers!4)Bottomsup!Translationpractice1)Ibeg,sir,thatyouwillofferhimmysincerestapologies.敬请向他转达在下最诚挚的歉意。

2)Pleasesendmysincerestapologiestohim.请向他转达我最诚挚的歉意。

3)TellhimI’mawfullysorry.告诉他我很抱歉。TeachingContents1.Whatisstyle?2.StyleandLiterature3.StyleandLiteraryTranslationAccordingtoDavidCrystalinInvestigatingEnglishStyle,therearefourcommonlyoccurringsensesofthetermSTYLE:1)thelanguagehabitsofoneperson:Shakespeare,JamesJoyce,Hemingway

2)thelanguagehabitssharedbyagroupatonetime:theOldEnglish‘heroic’poetry.3)saytherightthinginthemosteffectiveway—goodmanners:‘clear’or‘refined’style.4)evaluationanddescriptionofliteratureinliterarycriticismorappreciation:‘good’

‘effective’beautiful’writing.

Whatisstyle?Consideringdifferentcommunicativeenvironment,methods,objectivesandpurposes,communicatorswouldoptdifferentlanguagevarieties(语言变体)thathasdifferentfunctionssoastoperformtheircommunicationeffectively.Thelanguagevarietiesarewhatpeoplecalled“style”(文体或语体).Properwordsinproperplacesmakethetruedefinitionofastyle.（JonathanSwift）(适当的词用于适当的场合,就是风格的确切定义。)Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmost-rightwordisasgreatasthatbetweenlightingandthelightingbug.(MarkTwain)用词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如同闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。

1989年版《辞海》是这样定义风格的：作家、艺术家在创作中所表现出来的艺术特色和创作个性，具有主观和客观两个方面。主观方面是作家的创作追求，客观方面是时代，民族，阶级乃至文体对创作的规定性。在北京外国语大学执教40余年的英籍专家DavidCrook曾经讲过这样一件事，中国学生在课本里学了“Fancymeetingyouhere.”（没想到在这儿碰到你。）之后就到处套用。而且有一次，一个学生在厕所里见到他还这么说，令他十分尴尬。Styleistheman.(Buffon)(文如其人)e.g.LiBaiVSDuFu李白夜宿山寺危楼高百尺，手可摘星辰。不敢高声语，恐惊天上人。

杜甫

兵车行车辚辚，马萧萧，行人弓箭各在腰。耶娘妻子走相送，尘埃不见咸阳桥。牵衣顿足阑拦道哭，哭声直上干云霄。道旁过者问行人，行人但云点行频。…Differenttypesofstyle:

levelofformalityMartinJoos(1962)inhis‘TheFiveClocks’suggestsfivedegreesofformality:

frozen,formal,consultative,casualandintimate.ThefiveclocksbyMartinJoosFrozen/Formal/Consultative/Casual/IntimateFormal<------------------------->InformalThefiveclocksbyMartinJoos(1)thefrozenstyle(庄严体):mostusedonceremonies,inveryformaloccasion,inwrittenlegaldocumentsorhighlysolemnspeech(2)theformalstyle(正式体):publicaddress(3)theconsultativestyle(商谈体、一般体):lessformalgatherings,usedindailylives(4)thecasualstyle(随意体):amongfriends(5)theintimatestyle(亲密体):betweenfamilymembersorbosomfriendse.g.A)Visitorswouldmaketheirwayatoncetotheupperfloorbywayofthestaircase.B)Visitorsshouldgoupthestairsatonce.C)Wouldyoumindgoingupstairsplease?D)Timeyouallwentupstairsnow.E)Upyougo,Chaps!

(frozen)(formal)(consultative)(casual)(intimate)TranslationpracticeMybelovedparenthasjoinedtheheavenlychoir.Mydearfatherhasexpired.

Myfatherhaspassedaway.Mydadhasdied.Myoldmanjustkickedthebucket.吾父升天矣（

frozen）

我亲爱的父亲已经过世了(formal)父亲走了(consultative)

父亲死了(casual)我家那个老头儿翘辫子了(intimate)

(Alecturerisgoingtomakeaspeech,butitisnoisyinthehall,sohesaidthefollowing:)Yoursilenceisrequested.Quiet,please.Wouldyoubesogood?Doshutup.Putasockinit.Dropdead!

（Herethespeaker’stonechangesfromverypolitetodissatisfied,toimpatient,untilatlastshoutingabuse.

）2.StyleandLiterature文艺语体是通过艺术形象来反映客观现实的，特点是广泛运用带有感情色彩和描绘色彩的语言成分。语言的形象性是最主要的特征。Somefishingboatswerebecalmedjustinfrontofus.Theirshadowsslept,oralmostslept,uponthewater,agentlequiveringaloneshowingthatwasnotcompletesleeporifsleep,thatwassleepwithdream.眼前不远,渔舟三五,凝滞不前,樯影映在水上,仿佛睡去,偶尔微见颤动,似又未尝熟睡,恍若惊梦。thelanguageofliteratureisusedasanartisticmedium,tocreateimages,tobringouttherichmulti-levelmeaningandthematicsignificanceofaliterarywork.

3.StyleandLiteraryTranslatione.g.Dombeywasabouteight-and-fortyyearsofage.Sonabouteight-and-fortyminutes.Dombeywasratherbald,ratherred,andthoughahandsomewell-mademan,toosternandpompousinappearance,tobeprepossessing.Sonwasverybald,andveryred,andthough(ofcourse)anundeniablyfineinfant,somewhatcrushedandspottyinhisgeneraleffect,asyet.(CharlesDickens:DombeyandSon)DombeywasaboutSonabouteight-and-fortyeight-and-fortyyearsofage.minutes.Dombeywasratherbald,Sonwasverybald,

ratherred,andveryred,

andthoughahandsomethough(ofcourse)an

well-mademan,undeniablyfineinfant,toosternsomewhatcrushedandpompousandspotty

inappearance,inhisgeneraleffect,tobeprepossessing.asyet.

参考译文：董贝大约四十八岁。他的儿子出世大约四十八分钟。董贝的头稍稍有些秃，脸色稍稍有些红；虽然他是一位外貌漂亮、身材匀称的男子，可是神色过分严厉与傲慢，因此不能使人产生好感。他的儿子的头很秃，脸色很红；虽然他当然不可否认地是一个可爱的婴孩，可是看上去有些皱巴巴的，身上斑斑点点。analysis

董贝大约四十八岁。

他的儿子出世大约四十八分钟。董贝的头稍稍有些秃，脸色稍稍有些红；

他的儿子的头很秃，脸色很红；虽然他是一位外貌漂亮、身材匀称的男子，可是神色过分严厉与傲慢，因此不能使人产生好感。

虽然他当然不可否认地是一个可爱的婴孩，可是看上去有些皱巴巴的，身上斑斑点点。

Intranslation,attentionshouldbepaidtoacarefulunderstandingofthelevelofformalitytheoriginaltextbelongsto.他对小儿子说，“那时候，干一天活儿累得连炕都上不去，浑身疼得要命，睡也睡不着。”

(1)Hesaidtohislittleson,“Atthattime,Iwasso

fatigued

afteraday’sdrudgerythatIfounditveryhardtomountthekang.Mywholeframeachingacutely,Icouldn’tgotosleephoweverhardItried.”(2)Hesaidtohislittleson,“Inthosedays,Iwasusuallysodoneupafteraday’shardworkthatIcouldhardlygetonthekang.Asmywholebodyachedlikeanything,Isimplycouldn’tgettosleepevenItriedto.

“Dearlittleinnocentlamb,youneedone,”saidtheMarquis,andhisjawthrustout,andhebegantogrinhideously”(非常讨厌地),hislittleeyesleeringtowards(睨视)Rebecca.(VanityFair)“亲爱的小羔羊，你多么纯洁，真需要一只看羊狗来保护你。”他伸出下巴涎着脸儿笑起来，乜斜着一双小眼睛对她一溜，那样子难看极了。《名利场》杨必女士在这段译文中充分发挥自己文笔轻灵、俏皮的特点，通过把“hideously”(非常讨厌地)译成方言“涎着脸”（死皮赖脸地纠缠他人），把“leertowards”(睨视)译为“乜斜”（色迷迷地睨视），将斯坦恩侯爵厚颜无耻、淫秽猥陋的嘴脸描摹得活灵活现，如见其人，从而充分地体现了作者讽刺资产阶级贵族丑恶嘴脸的本意，成功地再现了原作的风格意义。培根作品汉译：谈读书OFSTUDIESbyFrancisBacon1．Studiesservefor