2022华政博士英语基础试题

千里之行，始于足下让知识带有温度。第2页/共2页精品文档推荐2022华政博士英语基础试题华东政法学院

2022年博士讨论生入学考试英语试卷

PartOne:Grammar&Vocabulary(20%)

Directions:ChoosethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachsentenceandthenmarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.

1.Theeveningwasbeginningtoaswewaited.

A.extend

B.prolong

C.drag

D.delay

2.Pleaseuswithyourplans.

A.acquaint

B.inform

C.tell

D.notify

3.Thebook’ssignificancehim.

A.failed

B.missed

C.escaped

D.deluded

4.Shesaidshewouldbelate,shearrivedontime.

A.anyhow

B.yet

C.however

D.accordingly

5.Let’sthisroomabit.

A.cheerup

B.inspire

C.stimulate

D.livenup

6.amountsofnoxiouswastesweredumpedintotheSonghuajiangRiver.

A.Appreciated

B.Appreciable

C.Appreciative

D.Appreciating

7.Theirdemandforapayraisehasnottheslightest______ofbeingmet.

A.prospect

B.prediction

C.prosperity

D.permission

8.Asyourteacher,I’mjustcuriouswhatdifficultiesanyofyoumaycomewhenwritinginEnglish.

A.upwith

B.upagainst

C.roundto

D.inon

9.Amidfearsofaglobalflupandemic,RochehasdecidedtoupproductionofTamiflu,theonlydrugthatmaybeabletotreattheillness.

A.pull

B.play

C.turn

D.step

10.Scientists,archaeologistsandhistoriansaretryingtothemysteryofEgypt'ssunkencities.

A.unbind

B.untangle

C.unwind

D.unravel

11.TheywalkedthroughthewarmthoflateSeptembertoacafeacrossthestreet.

A.remaining

B.delaying

C.loitering

D.lingering

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12.IwastakenwhenIsawhimbecausehehadlostallhishair.

A.aback

B.aside

C.about

D.apart

13.Investorsrushedintothemarket,thatpriceswouldrise.

A.instructing

B.entrusting

C.relying

D.assuming

14.Becauseofherpoorperformance,Janehadtothepossibilityofbeingfired.

A.faceupto

B.lookupto

C.standupto

D.wakeupto

15.Inanefforttocultureshocks,Ithinkthereisvalueinknowingsomethingaboutthenatureofculture.

A.getoff

B.getby

C.getthrough

D.getover

16.Myremarkwill____toyourearliercommentsabouttheissueofcultureshocks.

A.compare

B.relate

C.depend

D.accord

17.Amemorial_____washeldyesterdayforthevictimsoftheNanjingMassacre.

A.inspection

B.investigation

C.observance

D.observation

18.Itisajokeamongthenativesthatyouhavetoliedownonyourbacktoseethesun.

A.steady

B.standing

C.stable

D.persisting

19.WhenwritinginEnglish,weshallalwaysbetodetails.

A.attentive

B.observant

C.recurrent

D.earnest

20.______youfindyourselfinaconditionofbeingtroubledorworriedaboutsometrifles,pleasecultivateahobby.

A.Could

B.Should

C.Might

D.May

PartTwo.ReadingComprehension(30%).

Directions:Inthissectiontherearefivereadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmultiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.

TEXTA

PolicemanasaWriter

Idecidedtobegintheterm'sworkwiththeshortstorysincethatformwouldbetheeasiestforthepoliceofficers,notonlybecausemostoftheirreadinguptothenhadprobablybeeninthatgenre,butalsobecauseastudyofthereactionofpeopletovarioussituationswassomethingtheyreliedonintheirdailywork.Forinstance,theyhadtobeabletopredicthowotherswouldreacttotheirdirectivesandinterventionsbeforedecidingontheirownformofaction;theyhadtobeabletotakeinthedetailsofasituationquicklyandcorrectlybeforeintervening.Nomatterhowfactual

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andsparsepolicereportsmayseemtous,theymustmakeuseofaselectionofvitaldetail,similartothatwhichawriterofashortstoryhastomake.

Thiswastaughttomebyoneofmystudents,acaptain,attheendoftheterm.Ihadbegunthestudyoftheshortstorybystressingthedifferencesbetweenafactualreport,suchasascientist'sorapoliceman'sreport,andthepresentationofacreativewriter.Whileaselectionofnecessarydetailsisinvolvedinboth,theofficermustremainneutralandclearlytrytopresentapictureofthefacts,whiletheartistusuallybeginswithapreconceivedmessageorattitudewhichisthentransmittedthroughtheuseofcarefullyselecteddetailsofactiondescribedinwordsintendedtoprovokeassociationsandemotionalreactionsinthereader.Onlyattheendofthetermdidthecaptainpointouttomethatheandhismenalsotrytoevaluatetheeventstheydescribeandthattheirdescriptionofasequenceofeventsmustofnecessitybestructuredandcoloredbytheirunderstandingofwhathastakenplace.

Thepolicemen'sreactionstoeventsandcharactersinthestoriesweresurprisinglyunprejudiced...Theydidnotobjecttowriterswhosestorieshadtodowiththeirprotagonist'srebellionagainstsociety'sacceptedvalues.Nordidstoriesinwhichthestrongfatherbecomesthevillainandinwhichourusualidealsofmanhoodareturnedaroundoffendthem.Themanyhuntersamongmystudentsreadilygrantedthemessageinthosehuntingtalesinwhichsensitivitytriumphsovermaleaggressiveness,storiesthatshowtheboybecomingamanbecausehefailstoshootthedeer,goose,orcatbird.Theonlycharacterstheydidobjecttowerethosetheythoughtunrealistic.Asthepreviousclasshaddone,thisonealsoexcelledininterpretingthewaysinwhichcharactersrevealthemselves,subtlymanipulateandinfluenceeachother;they,too,understoodhowthestoryusuallysavesitsinsight,itsrevelation,fortheend.

Thisalmostinstinctivegraspofthewritingoffictionwasrevealedwhenthepolicemenvolunteeredtowritetheirownshortstories.Theynotonlytookgreatpainswithplotandcharacter,butwithstyleandlanguage.Thestoriesweresurprisinglywellwritten,revealinganunderstandingofwhatasolidshortstorymustcontain:therevelationofcharacter,theuseofbackgrounddescriptionandlanguagetocreateatmosphereandmood,theneedtosustainsuspenseandgetmakeeacheventasitoccursseemnatural,theinsightachievedeitherbythecharactersinthestoryorthereaderorboth.Theytendedtofavorsurpriseendings.Somestoriesweresheerfantasies,orderivedfrompreviousreading,films,ortelevisionshows.Mostwrotestories,obviouslybasedontheirownexperiences,thatrevealedtheamazingdistancetheymustputbetweentheirpersonallivesandtheirwork,whichispartofthetrainingforbeingagoodcop.Thesestories,aswellastheirdiscussionsofthem,showedhowcoollytheyjudgedtheirownweaknessesaswellasthehumorwithwhichtheyacceptedsomeofthedifficultiesorinjusticesofexistence.Despitetheirauthors'unmistakablesenseofironyandawarenessofcorruption,thesestoriesdemonstratedhowclearly,almostnaively,thesepolicemenwantedtocontinuetobelieveinsomeoftheso-calledAmericanvirtues—thatcourageisworththeeffortandwillbeadmired;thathardworkwillberewarded;thatlifeissomehowgood;andthat,despitetheweariness,boredom,andoccasionaluglinessanddanger,despitealltheirdislikeofmostoftheirroutineanddespitetheirownoccasionalgrousingandcomplaints,theysomehowdidlikebeingcops;thatlife,eveninachaoticandviolentworld,isworthitafterall.

21.Comparedtotheartist,thepolicemanis____.

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A.aggressiveandnotpassive

B.factualandnotfanciful

C.neutralandnotprejudiced

D.amanofaction,notwords

22.Likewriters,policemenmust____.

A.analyzesituations

B.haveanartisticbent

C.behavecoolly

D.intervenequickly

23.Accordingtotheauthor,policemenviewtheirprofessionas____.

A.dangerousbutadventuresome

B.fullofcorruption

C.fullofroutine

D.worththeeffort

TEXTB

BusinessinLiterature

Literatureisatoncethemostintimateandthemostarticulateofthearts.Itcannotimpartitseffectthroughthesensesorthenervesastheotherartscan;itisbeautifulonlythroughtheintelligence;itisthemindspeakingtothemind;untilithasbeenputintoabsoluteterms,ofaninvariablesignificance,itdoesnotexistatall.Itcannotawakenthisemotioninone,andthatinanother;ifitfailstoexpresspreciselythemeaningoftheauthor,ifitdoesnotsayhim,itsaysnothing,andisnothing.Sothatwhenapoethasputhisheart,muchorlittle,intoapoem,andsoldittoamagazine,thescandalisgreaterthanwhenapainterhassoldapicturetoapatron,orasculptorhasmodeledastatuetoorder.Theseareartistslessarticulateandlessintimatethanthepoet;theyaremoreexteriortotheirwork;theyarelesspersonallyinit;theypartwithlessofthemselvesinthedicker.ItdoesnotchangethenatureofthecasetosaythatTennysonandLongfellowandEmersonsoldthepoemsinwhichtheycouchedthemostmysticalmessagestheirgeniuswaschargedtobearmankind.Theysubmittedtotheconditionswhichnonecanescape;butthatdoesnotjustifytheconditions,whicharenonethelesstheconditionsofhuckstersbecausetheyareimposeduponpoets.Ifitwillservetomakemymeaningalittleclearer,wewillsupposethatapoethasbeencrossedinlove,orhassufferedsomerealsorrow,likethelossofawifeorchild.Hepoursouthisbrokenheartinversethatshallbringtearsofsacredsympathyfromhisreaders,andaneditorpayshimahundreddollarsfortherightofbringinghisversetotheirnotice.Itisperfectlytruethatthepoemwasnotwrittenforthesedollars,butitisperfectlytruethatitwassoldforthem.Thepoetmustusehisemotionstopayhisprovisionbills;hehasnoothermeans;societydoesnotproposetopayhisbillsforhim.Yet,andattheendoftheends,theunsophisticatedwitnessfindsthetransactionridiculous,findsitrepulsive,findsitshabby.Somehowheknowsthatifourhucksteringcivilizationdidnotateverymomentviolatetheeternalfinenessofthings,thepoet'ssongwouldhavebeengiventotheworld,andthepoetwouldhavebeencaredforbythewholehumanbrotherhood,asanymanshouldbewhodoesthedutythateverymanowesit.

Theinstinctivesenseofthedishonorwhichmoneypurchasedoestoartissostrongthatsometimesamanofletterswhocanpayhiswayotherwiserefusespayforhiswork,asLordBryrondid,forawhile,fromanoblepride,andasCountTolstoyhastriedtodo,fromanoble

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conscience.ButByron'spublisherprofitedbyagenerositywhichdidnotreachhisreaders;andtheCountessTolstoycollectsthecopyrightwhichherhusbandforegoes;sothatthesetwoeminentinstancesofprotestagainstbusinessinliteraturemaybesaidnottohaveshakenitsmoneybasis.Iknowofnoothers;buttheremaybemanythatIamculpablyignorantof.Still,IdoubtifthereareenoughtoaffectthefactthatLiteratureisBussinessaswellasArt,andalmostassoon.Atpresentbusinessistheonlyhumansolidarity;weareallboundtogetherwiththatchain,whateverinterestsandtastesandprinciplesseparateus.

24.Theauthorimpliesthatwritersare____.

A.hucksters

B.profitingagainsttheirwill

C.incompetentbusinessmen

D.notsufficientlypaidfortheirwork

25.Accordingtotheauthor,LordByron___.

A.refusedpaymentforhiswork

B.waswellknowninthebusinesscommunity

C.didnotcopyrighthiswork

D.combinedbusinesswithliterature

26.Theauthorofthepassageimpliesthat___.

A.writersshouldrebelagainstthebusinesssystem

B.writersshouldnotattempttochangesociety

C.societyshouldsubsidizeartistsandwriters

D.morewritersshouldfollowtheexamplesetbyLordByron

TextC

Petroleum

Petroleum,likecoal,isfoundinsedimentaryrocks,andwasprobablyformedformlong-deadlivingorganisms.Therocksinwhichitisfoundarealmostalwaysofoceanoriginandthepetroleum-formingorganismsmusthavebeenoceancreaturesratherthantrees.

Insteadoforiginatinginaccumulatingwoodymatter,petroleummaybetheproductoftheaccumulatingfattymatterofoceanorganismssuchasplankton,themyriadsofsingle-celledcreaturesthatfloatinthesurfacelayersoftheocean.

Thefatoflivingorganismsconsistsofatomcombinationsthatarechieflymadeupofcarbonandhydrogenatoms.Itdoesnottakemuchinthewayofchemicalchangetoturnthatintopetroleum.Itisonlynecessarythattheorganismssettledownintotheoozeunderlyingshallowarmsoftheoceanunderconditionsofoxygenshortage.Insteadofdecomposinganddecaying,thefataccumulates,istrappedunderfurtherlayersofooze,undergoesminorrearrangementsofatoms,andfinallyispetroleum.

Petroleumislighterthanwaterand,beingliquid,bendstooozeupwardthroughtheporousrockthatcoversit.ThereareregionsonEarthwheresomereachesthesurfaceandtheancientsspoke

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ofpitch,bitumen,orasphalt.Inancientandmedievaltimes,suchpetroleumseepagesweremoreoftenlookedonasmedicinesratherthanfuels.

Ofcourse,thesurfaceseepagesareinveryminorquantities.Petroleumstores,however,aresometimesoverlainwithnonporousrock.Thepetroleumseepingupwardreachesthatrockandthemremainsbelowitinaslowlyaccumulatingpool.Ifaholecanbedrilledthroughtherockoverhead,thepetroleumcanmoveupthroughthehole.Sometimesthepressureonthepoolissogreatthatthepetroleumgusheshighintotheair.Thefirstsuccessfuldrillingwascarriedthroughin1859inTitusville,Pennsylvania,byEdwinDrake.

Ifonefoundtherightspotthenitwaseasytobringuptheliquidmaterial.Itwasmucheasiertodothatthantosendmenundergroundtochipoutchunksofsolidcoal.Oncethepetroleumwasobtained,itcouldbemovedoverlandthroughpipes,ratherthaninfrighttrainsthathadtobelaboriouslyloadedandunloaded,aswasthecasewithcoal.

Theconvenienceofobtainingandtransportingpetroleumencourageditsuse.Thepetroleumcouldbedistilledintoseparatefractions,eachmadeupofmoleculesofaparticularsize.Thesmallerthemolecules,theeasieritwastoevaporatethefraction.

Throughthelatterhalfofthenineteenthcentury,themostimportantfractionofpetroleumwas“kerosene,”madeupofmiddle-sizedmoleculesthatdidnoteasilyevaporate.Kerosenewasusedinlampstogivelight.

Towardtheendofthenineteenthcentury,however,enginesweredevelopedwhichwerepoweredbytheexplosionsofmixturesofairandinflammablevaporswithintheircylinders.Themostconvenientinflammablevaporwasthatderivedfrom“gasoline,”apetroleumfractionmadeupofsmallmoleculesandonethatthereforevaporizedeasily.

Such“internalcombustionengines”aremorecompactthatearliersteamenginesandcanbemadetostartatamoments'notice,whereassteamenginesrequireawaitingperiodwhilethewaterreservewarmstobeboilingpoint.

Asautomobiles,trucks,buses,andaircraftofallsortscameintouse,eachwithinternalcombustionengines,thedemandforpetroleumzoomedupward.Housesbegantobeheatedbyburningfueloilratherthancoal.Shipsbegantouseoil;electricitybegantobeformedfromtheenergyofburningoil.

In1900,theenergyderivedfromburningpetroleumwasonly4percentthatofcoal.AfterWorldWarⅡ,theenergyderivedfromburningthevariousfractionsofpetroleumexceededthatofcoal,andpetroleumisnotthechieffuelpoweringtheworld'stechnology.

Thegreaterconvenienceofpetroleumascomparedwithcoalis,however,balancedbythefactthatpetroleumexistonEarthinfarsmallerquantitiesthancoaldoes.(Thisisnotsurprising,sincethefattysubstancesfromwhichpetroleumwasformedarefarlesscommononEarththanthewoodysubstancesfromwhichcoalwasformed.)

ThetotalquantityofpetroleumnowthoughttoexistonEarthisabout14trilliongallons.Inweightthatisonlyone-ninthasmuchasthetotalexistingquantityofcoaland,atthepresentmoment,petroleumisbeingusedupmuchmorequickly.Atthepresentrateoftheuse,theworld's

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supplyofpetroleummaylastforonlythirtyyearsorso.

Thereisanothercomplicationinthefactthatpetroleumisnotnearlysoevenlydistributedascoalis.Themajorconsumersofenergyhaveenoughlocalcoaltokeepgoingbutare,however,seriouslyshortofpetroleum.TheUnitedStatedhas10percentofthetotalpetroleumreservesoftheworldinitsownterritory,andhasbeenamajorproducerfordecades.Itstillis,butitsenormousconsumptionofpetroleumproductsisnowmakingitanoilimporter,sothatitisincreasinglydependentonforeignnationsforthisvitalresource.TheSovietUnionhasaboutasmuchpetroleumastheUnitedStates,butitusesless,soitcanbeanexporter.

Nearlythree-fifthsofallknownpetroleumreservesonEarthistobefoundintheterritoryofthevariousArabic-speakingcountries.Kuwait,forinstance,whichisasmallnationattheheadofthePersianGulf,withanareaonlythree-fourthsthatofMassachusettsandapopulationofabouthalfamillion,possessesaboutone-fifthofalltheknownpetroleumreservesintheworld.

Thepoliticalproblemsthiscreatesarealreadybecomingcrucial.

27.Petroleumisunlikecoalintheway___.

A.petroleumisfoundinsedimentaryrocksandwasprobablyformedfromlong-deadlivingorganisms.

B.oncethepetroleumwasobtained,itcouldbemovedoverlandinfreighttrains.

C.petroleumisnotnearlysoevenlydistributedascoalis.

D.petroleumexistsonEarthinfargreaterquantitiesthancoaldoes.

28.Theuseofpetroleumisgreatlyencouragedby____.

A.thefactthatpetroleumislighterthanwater

B.thefactthatpetroleumistheproduceoftheaccumulatingfattymatterofoceanorganisms.

C.thefactthatobtainingandtransportingpetroleumisveryconvenient.

D.thefactthattheenergyderivedfromburningpetroleumisonly4percentthatofcoal.

29.Whichofthefollowingisapetroleumfractionmadeupofsmallmoleculesandonethatthereforevaporizedeasily?

A.kerosene.

B.gasoline

C.asphalt

D.vapor

TEXTD

ANewWorkingRevolution

AsilentrevolutionissweepingAmerica.AccordingtoTerriLonier,self-styled“Lenin”ofthismovement,moreandmorepeopleareworkingoutsidetraditionalcorporatestructures.Shesays:“Ibelievewearewitnessingthebiggestchangeinworkingpeople'slivessincetheindustrialrevolution.”

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Morethanone-sixthofAmerica'sworking-agepopulation-closeto27millionpeople-donotoweallegiancetoasingleemployer.AccordingtoLinkResources,aNewYork-basedgroupthatgathersstatisticsonmarkettrends,thenumberwillhaverisento36.5millionbytheyear2022.

Thesepeopleworkmainlyfromhome,sellingtheirskillsintheopenmarketplace.Plumbers,electriciansandhousepaintershavebeendoingitforyears.Whatisstrikinglynewisthesheerscaleofaphenomenonthatstraddlesthesocialclassesandpromisestoredefinethenatureofworkinthe21stcentury.

Whethertheirfieldismarketing,sales,advertising,journalismsecretarialwork,banking,cateringorhi-tech,moreandmorepeoplearediscoveringthatpossessionofasaleableskillwillprovidethemwiththeopportunitytogoitalone,toshapetheirlifefreeofthetraditionalcorporategrip.

TerriLonier’smissionistospreadtheword;herbusiness,WorkingSoloInc,dispensesadvicetoindividualswhowishtodoitaloneandtobigbusinesseseagertotapintothepoolofindependenttalent.Lonierhaspublishedtwobooks—WorkingSoloandTheWorkingSoloSourcebook-andsheisinconstantdemandasalecturer.Unlikeearlierrevolutionaries,shedoesnotneedaliveaudience.LonierworksfromhomeintheHudsonValley,70milesnorthofNewYork.ShereachesfollowersviaherwebsiteandhasclientsalloverAmerica,mostofthenacontinentawayinCalifornia’sSiliconeValley.Itisnocoincidence,shesays,thatthenewworkingculturebegantomushroominthelate1980sandearly1990s,whenpersonalcomputersbecameaffordabletolargegroupsofpeople:“Theninthelasttwoyearswe'veseenremarkablegrowthbecauseoftheInternet,whichgivespeopletheopportunitybycreatingtheirownwebpages,tosetuptheirowninstantstorefronts.”

DanPink,untilrecentlythechiefspeechwriterforVicePresidentAlGore,isaflesh-and-bloodexampleofthecapitalistNewMan.A33-year-oldgraduateofYaleLawSchool,Pinkhadbeenaresoundingsuccessatthepoliticalgameinhis10yearsinWashingtonDC.HecouldhaveexpectedtoplayakeynotewhenGorerunsforthepresidencyin2000,but,withpleasingsymbolism,hechose1997’sIndependenceDay,thefourthofJuly,toforsakethepowerandgloryoftheWhiteHouseforthefreedomandself-sufficiencyof“ThePinkHouse”.

Whenwemetovercoffeeat11o'clockoneweekdaymorningfollowinghisresignation,Pink-sportingaloosesweateroveraT-shirt-saidthatasaworkenvironmenttheWhiteHousewasprobablybetterthantheaverageFortune500firm.“Buttherewerestilltheofficepolitics….”Duringaleisurely90-minuteconversationheexplained:“Now,Ihaveabettercorrelationbetweenlaborandreward.Imakemoremoney-twiceasmuchasbefore.”

ThenewPinkworksfromhomeasafreelancejournalistandoccasionalspeechwriterWhilewritingamajorarticleforFastCompany,amagazinededicatedtoreportingnewtrendsinbusiness,hetravelled7,000milesaroundtheUnitedStates,interviewingdozensofthose27millionself-employedpeople.Hehasbecomealeadingauthorityontheriseof“freeagents,”ashecallsthem.

“Thishashappenedextremelyquietly.Peoplehaveprivatelybeenmakingindividualdecisions;it’shappenedbelowthepoliticalandmediaradarscreens.Yetthecollectiveforceofitisgigantic.Traditionaljobswillnotbetheonlywayweorganizeworkinthefuture;soontheymaynotevenbethemostcommonway.”Whatbeckonsisaredefinitionoftheroleofunions,ofpensionsand

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healthbenefits-andofpoliticsitself.

Computertechnologymayhaveprovidedthetoolsforindividualstoworkalone,but,accordingtoPink,theengineofthefreeagentrevolutionhasbeenthefundamentalchangeinrelationsbetweenworkersandemployers.Untilrecently,employeeswhoputupwithindignitiesatworkconsoledthemselvesthat“atleast”theycouldcountonapaychequetocovertheirmortgages,theirchildren'seducations,theirretirement.Nowthatconsolationhasgone,butthecuriousconsequenceisthatthesuccessfulfreeagentlifeismoresecurethanthatofthesuccessfulemployee.

LonierhasreachedthesameconclusionasPink.“Whatwehavetodayisnotjobsecuritybutskillssecurity,”shesays,“Beinganindividualentrepreneur,youarealotmoresecurebecauseyoucandiversifyyourincome.Ifthecompanydecidestheynolongerwantyou,you'reatgroundzero.Ifyouworkindependently,youhavemanyclients;yourbusinessismoreresistanttomarketchange.”

30.WhichofthefollowingismorepossibletobestatedbyDanPinkinaninterview?

A.Ifanemployerofferedmetwomilliondollarsayeartoreadnewspapersallday,Imightgobacktoworkforhim.

B.EvenfortwomilliondollarsIdon'tthinkI'dgiveupwhatInowhave.

C.Icanimagineajobthatwouldluremeawayfromafreeagent.

D.Workingfreelyisthemostterriblethingthathadeverhappenedtothem,becauseIfeelun-secure.

31.Accordingtothepassagewhattheoldworkingsystemis?

A.Peoplearetoworkmainlyfromhome,sellingtheirskillsintheopenmarketplace.

B.Morethanone-sixthofAmerica'sworking-agepopulationdonotoweloyaltytoasingleemployer.

C.Peoplearetoseekskillssecurityinsteadofjobsecurity.

D.Peopleremaininonecompanyforoneemployerandcountonapaychequetocovertheirmortgages,theirchildren'seducations,theirretirement.

32.AccordingtoTerriLonier,wearewitnessingthebiggestchangeinworkingpeople'slivessincetheindustrialrevolutionbecause

A.personalcomputersbecomeaffordabletolargegroupsofpeople.

B.theInternethasremarkablegrowth.

C.theworkplace'sregulationshavebeenchanged.

D.thenatureofworkhasthedifferentconnotation.

TextE

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Thebannersarepacked,theticketsbooked.Theglitterandwhiteoverallshavebeenbought,the

gasmasksjustfitandthemobilephonesareready.Allthatremainsistogettotheparties.

Thisweekwillseeafeastofpan-Europeanprotests.ItstartedonBastilleDay,lastSaturday,withtheFrenchunionsandimmigrantsonthestreetsandthefirstdemonstrationsinBritainandGermanyaboutclimatechange.ItwillcontinuetomorrowandThursdaywithenvironmentaland

peaceralliesagainstPresidentBush.ButthebigoneisinGenoa,onFridayandSaturday,where

UnlikePrague,Gothenburg,CologneorNice,GenoaisexpectedtobeEurope’sSeattle,thecomingtogetherofthedisparatestrandsofresistancetocorporateglobalization.Neithertheprotestersnortheauthoritiesknowwhatwillhappen,butsomethingsarepredictable.Yes,therewillbeviolenceandyes,themassmediawillfocusonit.WhatshouldseriouslyconcerntheG8isnotsomuchtheviolence,thenumbersinthestreetsoreventhattheythemselveslooklikeidiotshidingbehindthebarricades,butthatthedeeprootsofagenuinenewversionofinternationalismaregrowing.

Forthefirsttimeinageneration,theinternatio