高级英语(第三版)第一册第十二课-Ships-in-the-Desert课件

高级英语（第三版）第一册第十二课ShipsintheDesertTeachingAimsTounderstandthewriter’sviewpointsTolearnthewordsandphrasesaboutenvironmentTobeabletotalkaboutenvironmentalissue1)Theauthor

AlGorewasbornin1948inWashingtonD.C.,U.S.HehasbeenaSenator(1984-1992)representingtheStateofTennessee,andU.S.Vice-President(1992-2000)underPresidentBillClinton.HeranforthePresidencyagainstGeorgeW.Bushjr.butthelatterwonthecloselytiedelectionandhasbecomethe43rdAmericanPresident.ThetextistakenfromAlGore’sbookEarthintheBalanceAlGore’sviewpointsAlGore'sprofoundanalysisofwherehumanityhasgonewrongrangesacrosshistory,politics,science,economics,psychology,philosophy,andreligionGoredemonstratesthatthequalityofourairandwaterisurgentlyatrisk.Heclearlyillustrateshowproblemsthatoncewereregionalhavenowbecomeglobal.Gorearguesforaworldwidemobilizationtosaveusfromdisaster.

StructureAnalysisPara.1:Effectsofenvironmentalcrises(TheAral)

Paras.2-20:CausesofenvironmentalcrisesA.Thedestructionaroundtheworld-Antarctic,theArctic,theequator,aroundusB.Classificationoftheimagesofdestruction-Local-Regional-Strategic/globalcontextC.Thedominantcauseofthechange-HumancivilizationParas.21-26:SolutionA.RecognizingthestarlingimagesofdestructionB.UnderstandingthetwoaspectsC.Changingtheviewoftherelationship-Educatepeople2.DetailedstudyofthetextQuestionsWhat’sthemeaningofthetitle?Whatdoestheauthortrytotellusthroughhisarticle?WhydidthewritergototheAralSea?Whatdidheseethere?Para.1typicalexampleofenvironmentaldestructionTheAralsea

TheAralSea:*locatedinUzbekistanandKazakhstan

*historicallyasalinelake*In1960theworld’sfourthlargestlake,thesizeoftheentiretyofSouthernCalifornia*inthecenterofalarge,flatdesertbasinaprimeexampleofadynamicenvironmentAmerica’sGreatLakes

*thegroupoffivefreshwaterlakes,centralNorthAmerica,betweentheUnitedStatesandCanada,largestbodyoffreshwaterintheworldFromwesttoeast,theyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario

HOMES—HstandsforHuron,OforOntario,MforMichigan,EforErieandSforSuperior.Para.2ThesisstatementMysearchfortheunderlyingcausesoftheenvironmentalcrisishasletmetotravelaroundtheworldtocheckandstudycasesinordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmentalcrisisTrans-AntarcticMountainsAntarcticaisicycold.Trans-AntarcticMountainsdivideditintotheEastAntarcticandWestAntarcticsubcontinents.

thesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeintheskythesunshiningatmidnightthroughtheozonedepletionahole:ozonedepletion臭氧层空洞

CleanAirAct:

AmericanCongresspassedtheCleanAirActin1970,whichisoneoftheoldestenvironmentallawsoftheU.S.aswellasthemostfar-reaching,thecostliest,andthemostcontroversial.Para.3theglobalwarmingseenintheAntarcticTheArcticCircleanimaginarylinedrawnroundtheworldatacertaindistancefromthemostnorthernpoint(theNorthPole),northofwhichthereisnodarknessforsixmonthsofeachyearandalmostnolightfortheothersixmonths.cf.theAntarcticCircle

tundra:anyofthevast,nearlylevel,treelessplainsoftheArcticregionsTheimagesofdestructionattheequatorAmazonrainforestTheBrazilianAmazoncontainsaboutathirdoftheEarth'sremainingtropicalforestandaveryhighportionofitsbiologicaldiversity.Onehectare(2.47acres)ofAmazonianmoistforestcontainsmoreplantspeciesthanallofEurope.Yetstillitisbeingdestroyedjustlikeotherrainforestsaroundtheworld.

Para.7Imagesofdestructionseenalmostanywhere

Whatdoesthewritercall“ghostsinthesky”?“noctilucentclouds”

This“luminouscloud”occasionallyappears

whentheearthisfirsthiddenintheeveningdarkness;shiningunsteadilyaboveuswithapartiallytransparentwhiteness,thesecloudsdon’tseemnatural

“noctilucentcloud”

Para.8Humanattitudestowardstheimagesofdestruction

Whatshouldwefeeltowardtheseghostsinthesky:Whatshouldourattitudebetowardthesenoctilucentcloudsinthesky?Para9.Human’spuzzlingresponse

Eventhoughitissometimeshardtoseetheir

meaning,wehavebynowallwitnessedsurprisingexperiences:tounderstandthethreatofthesecloudsPara.10Theimportanceoforganizingourthoughts

itmaybehelpfultoclassifythemandthusbegintoorganizeourthoughtsandfeelingssothatwemaybeabletorespondappropriately:toarrangethemintodifferentgroupssothatwewillbeabletotakethemostsuitableaction.

Para.11Themilitarysystem:“local”skirmishes,

“regional”battles,and“strategic”conflicts

theater:sceneofoperatione.g.ThiswasthePacifictheatreofWorldWarII.这里是第二次世界大战的太平洋战区。lecturetheatre阶梯教室Whatkindofconflictwillbeconsideredas“strategic”conflict?

Onlystrugglethatcanthreatenanation’ssurvivalandmustbeunderstoodinaglobalcontextwillbeconsideredas“strategic”conflict..Para12.Thesamecasewiththeimagesofdestructionillegalwastedumping:thedisposalofwasteinawaythatviolatesthelawProblemslikeacidrain,thecontaminationofundergroundaquifers,andlargeoilspillsarefundamentallyregional:basicallybelongtoregionalcategory.Acidrain（酸雨）:

rainwithahighconcentrationofacidsproducedbysulfurdioxide(二氧化硫),nitrogenoxide(氧化氮),etc.emittedduringthecombustion（氧化）offossilfuels;ithasadestructiveeffectonplantandaquatic(水中的)life,buildings,etc.aquifer:anundergroundlayerofporous(多孔的)rock,sand,etc,containingwater,intowhichwellscanbesunk.

Para.13Anewclassofenvironmentalproblemsaffectingtheglobalecologicalsystem:chlorine氯

The600percentincrease…countriesproducingthechlorofluorocarbonsresponsibleTherehavebeen600percentincreaseintheamountofchlorineintheatmosphereduringthelastfortyyearsnotonlyinthosecountrieswhicharemainlyresponsiblefortheproductionofCFCchlorofluorocarbons:CFC氟里昂

Para.14anotherstrategicthreat—globalwarmingWhy?

Becausethisincreaseinheatseriouslythreatenstheglobalclimateequilibriumthatdeterminesthepatternofwinds,rainfall,surfacetemperatures,oceancurrentsandsealevel,andtheseinturndeterminethedistributionofvegetativeandanimallifeonlandandseaandhaveagreateffectonthelocationandpatternofhumansocieties,soitisconsideredastrategicthreat.Para.15thetransformedrelationshipbetweenhumankindandtheearthinourowntimewehavereshapedalargepartoftheearth’sfacewithconcreteinourcities:inthemoderntimewehavegivenanewshapeorformtoalargepartoftheearth’ssurfacebybuildingpavedroads,bridges,buildingsetc.concrete:metonymyPara.16Thedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalenvironment—humancivilization

Para.17DramaticchangesintwokeyfactorsasuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanpopulationasuddenaccelerationofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionPara18.Thesurgeinpopulationwhenviewedinahistoricalcontext:whenwelookatthematterfromahistoricalpointofviewJuliusCaesar:(102?B.C.-44B.C.),RomanstatesmanandgeneralChristopherColumbus:(1451-1506),discovererofAmerica,bornGenoa,ItalyThomasJefferson:[1743-1826)thirdPresidentoftheU.S.(1801-9),authoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.Para.19Thepresentfasterincreasingpopulation

inthecourseofonehumanlife—mine:duringthelifespanofanindividual–mylifetimeitisalreadymorethanhalfwaythere:theworldpopulationisalreadymorethanhalfofthatfigure.Para.20ThescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionAndthisongoingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially:

Andthiscontinuingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlydevelopedataspeedthatdoubledandtripledtheoriginalspeed.exponential:(指数的)oforrelatingtoanexponent(数学中的指数)Para.21ourchallengetorecognizethatstartlingimagesofdestructionOurchallengeistorecognizethatthestartlingimagesofenvironmentaldestructionnowoccurringallovertheworldhavemuchmoreincommonthantheirabilitytoshockandawakenus:Ourtaskistoseeandtounderstandthatthosefrighteningexamplesofenvironmentaldestructionthatarehappeningallovertheworldaresomuchthesameinnaturethattheysurpriseusnolonger.…aresofrequently/becomesocommonthattheydon’tshockandarouseusanymore.Para.22twoaspectstothischallenge:ourpowertoharmtheearthandourroleasco-architectofnature

Whatarethetwoaspectstohelppeoplerecognizetheimagesofenvironmentaldestruction?

Para.23oneprecedentforthiskindofchallengetoourthinking:militaryoneagainoneexampleinthepastwhichposedsimilardemandonusforachangeinourwayoflookingatthings.precedent:aformeractionorcasethatmaybeusedasanexampleorruleforpresentPara.24armsraceFordecades,eachnewadvance...Buteachsuchdeploymentled…amoreadvanceddeploymentofitsown:

Fordecades,thetwosuperpowershadbeencompetingintheresearch,productionanddeploymentofmoresophisticated,moreadvancedweapons,hopingthatinthistheothersidewouldbedeterrednottolaunchafirststrikeinnuclearweapons.Buttheresultwasjusttheopposite.Eachadvanceinweaponryledtoanewroundofarmsrace,araceofamuchmoredestructivelevel.leapfrog:

n.[U]agameinwhichonepersonbendsdownandanotherjumpsoverthemfrombehind

v.tojumporskipover;toadvancewellbymissingout(sth.)ontheway

e.g.Heleapfroggedtworanksandwaspromoteddirectlytocolonel.Para.25theeventualsolutiontothearmsrace:newunderstandingsandamutualtransformationoftherelationshipitself

unilateral:adj.donebyorhavinganeffectononlyoneside,esp.oneofthepoliticalgroupsinanagreementPara.26Therealsolution:reinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweenci