软骨和骨组织学和胚胎学课件

1.Cartilage:

organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium1)

structureofcartilagetissue---cell:chondrocyte---cartilagematrix①

chondrocyte:---Structure:LMembeddedincartilagelacunaperipheralcells:--smallandimmature--singleandflattenedcentralcell:--largeandmature,--roundandingroupof2-8cells--smallandroundnucleus--basophiliccytoplasm--EM:richinRERandGolgicomplex

*isogenousgroup:severalcellslocatesinonelacuna,whicharederivedfromasingle(same)parentcell

②

Cartilagematrix---groundsubstance:proteoglycan:--sametolooseCT--therearemorechondroitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna---calledascartilagecapsule(basophilic)water---fiber:typeandnumberoffiberdependsonthetypeofcartilage2)Classification:accordingtothefiberHyalinecartilage:lesscollagenousfibrilarticularsurface,ribcartilage,tracheaandbronchiFibrouscartilage:largeamountofcollagenousfiberbundlescellsaresmallandlessintervertebraldisc,symphysispubis---function:providenutritionandosteoblastforbonegrowthandrepairingcircumferentiallamella:--smallandimmatureHydroxyapatitecrystal:Cartilage:---structure:--smallandimmature*bonelamella:bonematrixarrangedinlayersatdifferentdirectionRER,mito.---organicmatter:--singleandflattenedRER,mito.--therearemorechondroitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna---calledascartilagecapsule(basophilic)primarylysosome,pinosomeandsecondarylysosomegroundsubstance:cuboidalorlowcolumnarcelllightzone:--undertheruffledborder--roundandingroupof2-8cellsSelfstudy!---inorganicmatter:bonesaltsElasticcartilage:largeamountofelasticfiberexternalear,epiglottis3)perichondriumtwolayers:---outlayer:containmorefiber-protection---innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)4)growthofcartilage---interstitialgrowth:innerchondrocyteproliferation→producefiberandmatrix.immaturecartilage---appositionalgrowth:osteoprogenitorcell→chondroblast→chondrocyte→producefiberandmatrix.growingandmaturecartilage2.Bone---consistsofbonetissue,periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrowreleasematrixvesicle:existinperiosteumandendosteumformaspongy-likednetwork---appositionalgrowth:---structure:--therearemorechondroitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna---calledascartilagecapsule(basophilic)lightzone:--undertheruffledborderlongitudinalarranged/irregularlamellalesscollagenousfibril/irregularlamellalongitudinalarranged--basophiliccytoplasmCartilage:primarylysosome,pinosomeandsecondarylysosomeorgan=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium1)

Bonetissue②Bonematrix/centralcanal:N,BV,CTSelfstudy!1)

Bonetissue①Cells:a.osteoprogenitorcell:stemcell---structure:fusiform,smallovoidnucleusslightbasophiliccytoplasmexistinperiosteumandendosteum---function:differentiatedintoosteoblastandchondrocyteb.osteoblast:---structure:LM:singlelayerofcuboidalorlowcolumnarcellroundnucleusbasophiliccytoplasmlocatedonthesurfaceofbonetissueEM:fineprocessesrichinRER,Golgicomplex---function:ⅰ.synthesizebonecollagenfiberandgroundsubstance-osteoidⅱ.releasematrixvesicle:0.1umindiametermembrane-coatedfunction:promotecalcificationc.osteocyte---structure:flattenedcellwithmultiplelongthinprocesseslocatedinbonelacunaandbonecanaliculusbasophiliccytoplasmadjacentcellsconnectinbonecanaliculusbygapjunctions---function:Maintainbonematrixd.osteoclast---structure:LM:multinuclearlargecell,30-100um6-50nucleiacidophiliccytoplasmlocatedatperipheralpartofboneEM:ruffledborder-processeslightzone:--undertheruffledborder--microfilamentprimarylysosome,pinosomeandsecondarylysosomeRER,mito.andGolgi---function:dissolveandabsorbbonematrix②Bonematrix---organicmatter:bonecollagenfiber-collagenousfiber(typeIcollagen)groundsubstance:glycosaminoglycan---inorganicmatter:bonesaltsHydroxyapatitecrystal:Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

pin-shapedlongitudinalarranged*bonelamella:bonematrixarrangedinlayersatdifferentdirection---innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)--smallandroundnucleusprimarylysosome,pinosomeandsecondarylysosomeexistinperiosteumandendosteum1umindiameter②

Cartilagematrixinnerlayer:articularsurface,ribcartilage,tracheaandbronchiorgan=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium--largeandmature,formaspongy-likednetwork②Bonematrix--smallandimmatureconsistsofcompactbone---Structure:LM4)growthofcartilage--smallandimmature/remnantofHaversian/centralcanal:N,BV,CTembeddedincartilage2)ArchitactureoflongboneLongboneisanorgan,madeupofbonetissue(shaftandepiphyses),periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrow①shaft:consistsofcompactbone

a.

circumferentiallamella:/outerconcentrically-arranged/inneraroundinnersurfaceofbone

b.

Haversiansystem(osteon):/cylindricstructure,3-5mm/centralcanal:N,BV,CT/Haversianlamella:4-20layersc.

interstitiallamella:/irregularlamella/remnantofHaversianorcircumferentiallamella*perforatingcanal:/transversecanal/connectwithHaversiancanal②epiphyses:composedofspongybone---trabeculae:formedbyparallelly-arrangedlamellaformaspongy-likednetwork---Bonemarrow:hemopoietictissue③periosteumandendosteum:CTmembrane---periosteum:DCTouterlayer:morefiberbundlesformperforatingfiberinnerlayer:richinBV,Nandosteoprogenitorcells---endosteum:thin,alayerofosteoprogenitorcellandCT---function:providenutritionandosteoblastforbonegrowthandrepairing3)

osteogenesis

Selfstudy!1.Cartilage:

organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium3)perichondriumtwolayers:---outlayer:containmorefiber-protection---innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)4)growthofcartilage---interstitialgrowth:innerchondrocyteproliferation→producefiberandmatrix.immaturecartilage---appositionalgrowth:osteoprogenitorcell→chondroblast→chondrocyte→producefiberandmatrix.growingandmaturecartilage1)

Bonetissue①Cells:formedbyparallelly-arrangedlamellacircumferentiallamella:innerlayer:Hydroxyapatitecrystal:acidophiliccytoplasm---function:---appositionalgrowth:/centralcanal:N,BV,CT--smallandimmature---outlayer:containmorefiber-protectionlightzone:--undertheruffledbordercircumferentiallamella:interstitiallamella:1)

Bonetissue--smallandimmature/Haversianlamella:4-20layersRER,mito.--smallandroundnucleuslesscollagenousfibrillightzone:--undertheruffledborder--therearemorechondroitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna---calledascartilagecapsule(basophilic)/irregularlamella/irregularlamella---function:dissolveandabsorbbonematrix--therearemorechondroitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna---calledascartilagecapsule(basophilic)existinperiosteumandendosteum/cylindricstructure,3-5mm---function:differentiatedintoosteoblastandchondrocyteembeddedincartilageconsistsofcompactboneCa10(PO4)6(OH)2Selfstudy!multinuclearlargecell,30-100umtwolayers:---function:formaspongy-likednetwork--smallandroundnucleusbasophiliccytoplasmHydroxyapatitecrystal:--smallandroundnucleusSelfstudy!basophiliccytoplasm②epiphyses:composedofspongybone1umindiameteracidophiliccytoplasm2)Architactureoflongbone---innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)osteoprogenitorcell→chondroblast→chondrocyte→producefiberandmatrix.osteoprogenitorcell:stemcell---outlayer:containmorefiber-protection*bonelamella:bonematrixarrangedinlayersatdifferentdirection---cell:chondrocyte---function:providenutritionandosteoblastforbonegrowthandrepairinglesscollagenousfibrillightzone:--undertheruffledborderSelfstudy!osteoprogenitorcell:stemcellbasophiliccytoplasm---appositionalgrowth:--therearemorechondroitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna---calledascartilagecapsule(basophilic)--smallandimmature/remnantofHaversian4)growthofcartilage/irregularlamellalocatedatperipheralpartofbonelocatedinbonelacunabasophiliccytoplasm---structure:---structure:*isogenousgroup:severalcellslocatesinonelacuna,whicharederivedfromasingle(same)parentcelllesscollagenousfibrilSelfstudy!--therearemorechondroitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna---calledascartilagecapsule(basophilic)lesscollagenousfibril--EM:richinRERandGolgicomplexSelfstudy!basophiliccytoplasmLongboneisanorgan,madeupofbonetissue(shaftandepiphyses),periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrow--basophiliccytoplasm--sametolooseCT1umindiameterformaspongy-likednetworkacidophiliccytoplasm/centralcanal:N,BV,CT---function:lesscollagenousfibrilbasophiliccytoplasm6-50nuclei/irregularlamella