2020版高考英语精准备考一轮北师大版讲义+练习：Book8Unit22含答案

Unit22EnvironmentalProtection基础知识过关 多媒体，默写本，多个渠道抓根本；自主练，巧拓展,夯实基础是关键 基础知识默写（学生用书325〜328页）默写一.trapvt.使困住儿陷阱；圈套.reserve机保护区v.保护：保留：预订freservationn.保护：保留：预订freservedq力•.预订的，保留的.principlen.原则，道德准则.beyondprep.超出.relevantadj.有关的frelevantlyadv.有关地；得要领地frelevancen.相关.referv.指，意即「referencen.提到，谈及；参考，查阅.agriculturen.农业fagriculturalad•.农业的；农艺的.recyclevt.回收利用.threatenvt.威胁fthreatn.威胁.conservationn.保护fconservevt.保护；保存".coincidencen.巧合.condemnvt.迫使（某人）陷入不幸的境地；谴责.sacrificevt.&vi.牺牲；献出14.advocatevt.主张，提倡15.slidevi.&vt.（使）滑行；（使）滑动16.substituten.代替品，代用品v.（用……）代替.behalfn.代表.changeableadj.多变的fchangev.&n.改变.anumberof一些，许多20.inturn依次；轮流；反过来，转而leadto导致；通向；引起.takeaction采取行动.aheadof在 前面.apartfrom除 以外.answerfor对 负责26.orelse否则，不然.wrapup结束；席卷而去；包起来8.Inthelastfewdecades,scientistshavereachedconsensusandreportedthathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate...在过去的几十年里，科学家们一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化…….Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳的光线将会被反射回太空中去，那么地球将处于寒冷之中，从而使生物不可能在地球上存活。.Giventhisdata，itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鉴于这些数据，似乎人类活动与正在升高的全球温度之间的关联并不仅仅是巧合。默写二Lseizevt.依法没收；（用武力）夺取.armvt.武装.roughadj.艰难的；粗糙的froughlyadv.粗糙地；概略地.separationn.分离，分开一separateadj.分开的v.分离，分开.means机方法.constructvt.建造一construction机建造.adoptvt.采用；收养fadoptionn.采用；收养.politicsn.政治（活动）fpoliticaladj.政治的。politiciann.政治家.mountainousadj.多山的.fleevi.&vt.逃走".potentialn.可能性；潜在性fpotentiallyadv.潜在地；可能地.considerateadj.想得周到的，体贴的fconsidervt.考虑fconsiderationn.考虑.financen.资金ffinancialad：财务的；金融的.allocatevt.分配，配给fallocation上分配,配给.fragileadj.易毁的；脆弱的.sharpenvt.削尖fsharpad：尖的，锋利的一sharpenern.卷笔刀.validadj.有充分理由的；有效的；合法的fvalidlyadv.合法地；正当地.calculatevt.计算，算出升calculationn.计算fcalculatorn.计算器19.onone'sbehalf代表.forgood永远.carryoff掠走，夺走.allinall总的来说.resultin导致.earnone's/aliving谋生.allthebest祝一切顺利.sumup总结，概括.asamatteroffact实际上.breakawayfrom摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织).Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale，andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.在过去的几年里，人们已经经历了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将来临。.TherehasbeenterriblefloodinginAsia，Africa，AmericaandOceania.亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生过可怕的洪涝灾害。基础知识夯实I.语境填词1.Ifyoudon'tpayyourdebt,yourpropertywillbeseized(没收).Someminersweretrapped(使困住)undergroundafterthecollapse.3.Formostpeople,thecarisstilltheirmainmeans(方式)oftransport.t'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,political(politics)andscientificprogress.(2018・浙江)5.Theschoolsmustadopt(adoption)newmethodsofteachingforeignlanguages.6.Smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable(change).(2018・全国I)7.Beingagoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsiderate(consider)behavior.(2018・浙江).Thenumberoftheunemployedisontheriseowingtothefinancial(finance)crisis..Therearehugeamountsofreference(refer)bookswhichIamoftenconfusedtochoosefrom.(2018・江苏).Touristsarerequiredtomakereservations(reserve)inadvance..Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreat(threaten)toagriculture..Thetriptheytookmeonwasarough(roughly)one.(2017・全国I).From2004to2013,agricultural(agriculture)landvaluesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.(2018・江苏)It'sdifficulttopickupradioprogramsinthemountainous(mountain)areas..Apencilsharpenerisadevicethatcanbeusedtosharpenapencil.(sharp)II.选词成篇inturn,beyondone'scontrol,resultin,100kahead,takeaction,anumberof,orelseHumanshavedamagedtheenvironmentin1.anumberofaspects,which2.inturnhasinfluencedourlife.Besidesthis,itis3.beyondourcontrol」thinkwehumansshouldberesponsibleforit.4.Lookingahead,itistimeforusto5.takeaction；6.orelse,itwould7.resultingreaterdamage.carryoff,apartfrom,leadto,onbehalfof,answerfor,callforanendtoWithmoreandmorefactoriesbuiltinmyhometown,alotofagriculturallandhasbeen8.carriedoff,whichhas9.ledtoariseinproductprices.10.Apartfromthis,theairandrivershavebeenheavilypolluted.Obviously,thefactoriesshouldll.answerfortheconsequences.So12.onbehalfofthevillagers'benefit,thelocalgovernmenthasdecidedto13.callforanendtothefactories'illegalbehaviors.in.完成句子Since2011,thecountryhasgrownmorecornthan1元6.(完成时)(2018・全国H)自2011年以来，这个国家种的玉米比水稻多。.Withoutrules,oursocietywouldbeinchaos.没有规则，我们的社会将处于混乱中。.Givenhisage,hediditquitewell.(过去分词作条件状语)考虑到他的年龄，他做得相当好。.HistoryhaswitnessedtheendlessproductionsofShakespeareanplaysineverymajorlanguageoftheworld.(用拟人的修辞手法)历史见证了莎士比亚戏剧在世界各种语言中无尽的演出。.Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.(therebe句型)(2018・全国I)语言的出现和消失已经有几千年的历史了，但最近出现的语言越来越少，消失的越来越多。联想拓展•多积累.“各行各业”的名词(1)agriculture农业(2)industry工业(3)business商业(4)fishing渔业.“主张、建议和要求”动词集锦advocate,insist,suggest,advise,propose,ask,demand,require,request.与“环境”有关的词汇(1)species机物种(2)reserve机保护区(3)atmospheren.大气层(4)conservationn.保护(5)recyclev.回收利用(6)ecology上生态(学).“实际上”短语大全(1)asamatteroffact(2)infact(3)intruth(4)inreality(5)ineffect.“负责”短语全接触(1)answerfor(2)beresponsiblefor(3)takeresponsibilityfor(4)inchargeof.“许多，大量”词汇扫描⑴修饰不可数名词：much,agreatdealof，agoodamountof，largeamountsof(2)修饰可数名词：anumberof，afew，manya(3)既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词：lotsof，plentyof，alargequantityof，largequantitiesof考点互动探究 直击重点，突破难点.解决疑点.掌握热点trap〃.夹子；陷阱；圈套；困境v.使困住，使陷于；使落网(1)set/layatrap给 设圈套(2)trapsb.intodoing…诱骗某人做 (不说trapsb.todo...)(1)IwastrappedintotellingthepoliceallIknew.(2)Hewillfightevenmoredesperatelyiftrapped(trap).句式升级(3)Hewastrappedinatrafficjam，sohehadtobepatient，waiting.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Trappedinatrafficjam，hehadtobepatient，waiting.reservev.贮备；保留；预订n.储备；贮藏；保护区(1)reservesth.for…为 保留某物inreserve备用(2)reservation机预订；保留意见withoutreservation毫无保留地makeareservation预订，预约(1)Beijingwasonceacityofbikes,knownastheBicycleKingdom,wherecarswerereserved(reserve)forofficialbusinessandthepoliticallypowerful.(2)Franklyspeaking,Ihavelittlemoneyinreserve(备用).(3)Irecommendhimwithoutreservation(毫无保留地),asIbelieveyouwillappreciatehisabilityinhisstudies.beyondprep.超出；除……之外；在(或向)……较远的一边；晚于，迟于；非……所能及adv.在另一边；在(或向)更远处beyondsb.为某人所不能理解；超出某人的能力beyondcontrol/belief/doubt无法控制/无法相信/毫无疑问beyonddescription无法描述beyondcomprehension不可思议；令人费解beyondone'sreach够不着；高不可攀beyondone'spower是某人所不能及的beyondcompare无与伦比；非常好［写出下列句子中beyond的汉语意思］(1)Theroadcontinuesbeyondthevillageupintothehills.在(或向) 较远的一边(2)Someshopskeepopenbeyondmidnight.晚于(3)Thisproblemisfarbeyondmycomprehension.非 所能及(4)Iknownothingofitbeyondwhathetoldme.除……之外ElIrelevantadj.相关的；切题的；有意义的(1)berelevantto和 有关(2)relevance机相关性；关联；实用性haverelevanceto与 有关(1)Ilearnthatyou'recomingtovisitoneofyourChinesefriends.I'mnowwritingtotellyousomerelevantdetails(»相关细节).(2018・全国I)

(2)同义句改写Idon’tthinkwhathesaidisrelevanttothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.一Idon'tthinkwhathesaidhasrelevancetothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.Icoincidence■.巧合；同时发生；一致bycoincidence碰巧Itisacoincidencethat…恰巧的是(1)BycoincidenceIwillgotoo.Let'sgotogether.碰巧我也去，咱们一同走吧。(2)Itwasacoincidencethathewasbornonhismother'sbirthday.他在他母亲生日那天出生，真是巧事。(3)WhatacoincidencethatIwasinLondonatthesametimeasyou!真巧，你在伦敦时我也在那儿。condemnv.谴责；指责；宣判；迫使（某人）陷于不幸的境地condemnsb.for（doing）sth.因（做）某事而指责某人condemnsb.tosth.某人被处以某种刑罚；使某人被迫接受困境becondemnedto...被判处becondemnedtodo…注定要做becondemnedtodo…注定要做使某人接受困境或不愉快的状况(1)Sheknewthatsocietywouldcondemnherforleavingherchildren.(2)Asanoldperson,oneisoftencondemnedtolive(live)alone.(3)Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath(被判处死刑).sacrificevt.牺牲，献出；献祭n.牺牲;供奉；祭品(l)sacrificesth.todosth.牺牲……•去做某事sacrifice...for…为 用西牲 (2)atthesacrificeof...以牺牲…•••为代价makeasacrifice/sacrifices做出牺牲(1)Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices/asacrifice(做出牺牲).(2016・全国I)同义句改写(2)Hesacrificedhislifetosave(save)thechild.-Hesavedthechildatthesacrificeofhislife.熟词生义 选择句子中sacrifice的汉语意思(3)Acalfwasofferedupasasacrificetothegoddess.BA.牺牲B.供品；祭品C.奉献advocatevt.拥护；提倡，主张n.支持者；拥护者；提倡者(1)Itisadvocatedthat…主张，提倡 advocatedoing…主张做 (2)(an)advocateof/for支持 的人(1)He'sastrongadvocateof/forstateownershipoftherailways.他是铁路国有化的积极拥护者。句式升级(2)Theyadvocatethatthey(should)reduce(reduce)airpollution.①Theyadvocatereducingairpollution/改为简单句)②Itisadvocatedthattheyshouldreduceairpollution.(用it作形式主语改写)【易错点拨】advocate后不跟不定式；跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should)do。substitutev.替换；用 代替 n.代替物；代替者；代用品(1)asubstitutefor... 的代替者/代用品(2)substituteAforB=replaceBwith/byA用A代替Bsubstitutefor代替；取代(1)Sheisseekingasubstitutefortheverymanwhosedeparturemadehercry.一句多译(2)史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老师。①MrSmithsubstitutedfortheteacherwhowassick.②MrSmithtooktheplaceoftheteacherwhowassick.

③MrSmithwasinplaceoftheteacherwhowassick.［根据语境用substitute,replace的正确形式填空］(3)Thedriverreplacedtheworn-outtireswithnewones.（4）Wesubstitutedaredballfortheblueballtoseeifthebabywouldnotice.词义辨析 substitute,replace※这两个词的含义略有不同，substitute强调“代替，顶替"；而replace强调“替换，更换”，即把旧的或坏的东西更换成新的（通常用taketheplaceof更通俗些）。※在句型结构上，通常是：substituteAforB“用A代替B”（使用A）；replaceAwith/byB“用B替换A”（使用B）。|threaten1|threaten1.威胁；恐吓(1)threatensb.with…用 威胁某人threatentodosth.威胁要做某事(2)threat九威胁athreattosb./sth.对 的威胁(1)There'snosnakeknownthatwillhabituallyattackhumanbeingsunlessthreatened(threat)withitslife.(2)Thehijackers(劫持犯)threatenedtokill(kill)onepassengereveryhouriftheirdemandswerenotmet.(3)Terrorismisathreattothewholecountry.(4)Threatened(threat)byhisclassmates,thestudentdidn'ttellthetruthtotheteacher.11roughadj.艰难的；粗糙的；粗略的；未加工的；粗暴的；危险的(1)beroughon对 粗暴/苛刻inrough概略地；粗略地(2)roughlyspeaking大致说来；粗略地说(1)Thebosswasroughonhim(对他苛刻)，whichmadehimangry.(2)Roughlyspeaking(粗略地说)，Iwouldsaythatabout100peopleattendedtheexhibition.［写出下列句子中rough的汉语意思］⑶Theroughroadmadethecarshake.粗糙的；不平的(4)He'shadareallyroughtimerecently.艰难的(5)Thatareaofthecityisquiteroughafterdark.危险的12(6)1'vegotaroughideaofwhereIwanttogo.粗略的，大致的12〔means〃.手段；方式；方法；财富；收入bymeansof用 办法；借助 byallmeans尽一■切方法；当然可以bynomeans=notbyanymeans绝不，一■点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)(1)Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried(try),butnoneworked.(2)Hegotintothehousebymeansof(借助于)anopenwindow.句式升级(3)1'llforgiveyouthistime,butyoushallbynomeansmakethemistakeagain.(改为倒装句)I,llforgiveyouthistime,butbynomeansshallyoumakethemistakeagain.【易错点拨】means表示“方式”“方法”“手段”时，单复数同形。表示做某事的方法，means后常接ofdoingsth.,一般不接不定式。||adopt诃.收养；领养；采用；采纳(1)adoptanapproach/apolicy采用某方法政策(2)adopted//.被收养的；被采用的anadoptedson养子(3)adoptiveadj.收养的；有收养关系的anadoptivefather养父(4)adoption机收养；采纳；采用(l)Paul,smotherhadhimadopted(adopt)becauseshecouldn'tlookafterhimherself.(2)Hewascheatedintobelievingthathewasanadopted(adopt)son.(3)Havingadopted(adopt)anewmethod,theyworkedmoreefficiently.(4)—Honey,shallweadoptadog?—Adoptingapetdependsonwhetherwehavetheabilitytocareforit.Actually,wearesobusy.(adopt)(2018•北京西城区模拟)||consideratead.考虑周到的；体贴的(1)beconsiderateof/to/towardssb.对 体贴Itis/wasconsiderateofsb.todosth.某人做某事考虑得周到。(2)considerv.仔细考虑；细想；认为；以为considerdoing…考虑做 considersb./sth.(tobe/as)…认为某人(物)为 allthingsconsidered总而言之；考虑到所有情况⑶consideration机考虑；体谅takesth.intoconsideration考虑到某事；顾及某事

(4)consideringprep.&co川.考虑到；鉴于(1)ItwasconsiderateofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.迈克尔通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。(2)Iconsiderhimtobe/asthebestcandidate.我认为他是最好的候选人。句式升级(3)Ifyoutakeallthingsintoconsideration,youwillfindthatgovernmentswouldwanttobandrugs.①Takingallthingsintoconsideration,youwillfindthatgovernmentswouldwanttobandrugs.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)②Withallthingstakenintoconsideration，youwillfindthatgovernmentswouldwanttoban4皿85.(用with复合结构改写)|anumberof|anumberof许多；大量的表示“许多；大量”的词语可分为以下几类：alarge/great/goodnumberofagreat/goodmany >+可数名词复数+复数谓语动词agoodfew/quiteafew，agood/greatdealof、agreat/largeamountof>+不可数名词+单数谓语动词quitealittle ，alotof/lotsofagreat/largequantityof>। 「 十可数名词复数或不可数名词largequantitiesofplentyofmanya',卜+单数可数名词+单数谓语动词morethanone(1)Largequantitiesoflandintheareahavebeenreserved(reserve)fornationalparkstheseyears，whichare(be)nowhometobears，wolves，andotherwildanimals.(2)Amongmammalsalone，thenumberofnocturnalspeciesis(be)astonishing.(3)Morethanonequestionwas(be)raisedatthemeetingyesterday.(4)Onesurveyshowsthatlargeamountsofwaterarewasted(waste)everyyearinChina，andthatonethirdisavailabletobesaved.【易错点拨】largequantitiesof后跟名词(可数或不可数)作主语，谓语动词一■律用复数。largeamountsof后跟不可数名词作主语，谓语动词也用复数形式。thenumberof后跟名词作主语，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。16〔16〔referto查阅；参考；提到；指的是(1)refer...to…把 提交给 referto...as…把 称为/当作 (2)reference儿提及；涉及；参考；参考书in/withreferenceto关于 forreference以备查阅；以供参考(1)Thebookreferred(refer)toisnotinthelibrary.(2)TheChineserefertotheirlanguageasHan,asitbecamepopularamongthepeopleduringtheHanDynasty.［写出下列句子中referto的汉语意思］(3)Completetheexerciseswithoutreferringtoadictionary.查阅(4)WhenIsaidsomepeoplewerestupid,Iwasn'treferringtoyou.指的是(5)Yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingfora1©$匕参考(6)Thenewlawdoesnotrefertothelandusedforfarming.涉及；提至U联想发散“查词典”的各种表达形式：turntoadictionary,refertoadictionary,consultadictionary,look...upinadictionary。|inturn|inturn依次；反过来taketurns轮流taketurnstodo.../(in)doing…轮流做 outofturn不按顺序地；不合时宜地byturns轮流地；交替地It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事。(1)Morepeopleareusingonlineshopping，whichinlurn(反过来)helpstheexpressdeliveryindustry.(2018・河北石家庄二中模拟)(2)It'smyturnto(轮到我)cleantheroom.⑶一句多译 他们轮流开车。Theytookturnstodrivethecar.Theytookturns(in/at)drivingthecar.Theydrovethecarbyturns.|leadto|leadto导致；造成（后果）；通往leadsb.todo…使某人做 leadsb.to…带某人去 leadto(sb.)doingsth.导致(某人)做某事leadtheway带路leadsb.bythenose牵着某人的鼻子走lead/livea...life过 的生活(1)Inclass,Iwilldividethestudentsintosmallgroupsandleadthemtopractice(practice)speakingEnglishinaninterestingway.(2)Hisactionscouldleadtohimlosing(lose)hisjob.(3)Withhimleadingtheway(带路),wegottherewithoutanydifficulty.Butforhim,wewouldhavebeenlost,whichwouldleadto(导致)seriousconsequences.Hisactionledustobelieve(使我们相信)thathewasourtruefriend.|allinall|allinall整体说来；总而言之afterall毕竟；终究aboveall最重要的是；首先firstofall第一-；首先inall全部；总共at2取否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟(1)Hehashisfaults,but,allinall,heisagoodhelper.他有缺点，但总的说来，他是个好帮手。(2)Firstofall,youshouldnothavescoldedtheboyatall；heisachildafterall.Aboveall,hemadeonlytwomistakesinall.首先，你根本不该责备那个男孩，毕竟他还是个孩子；最重要的是，他总共只犯了两处错误。【易错点拨】(1)aboveall重在强调所列举内容在所有事物中的位置最为重要。(2)firstofall，first及firstly侧重于强调列举事物的顺序，用于举例时表示“首先；第一||breakawayfrom脱离；打破breakdown出故障；失败；垮掉；分解breakup粉碎；解散；放假；(关系等)破裂breakout(战争、火灾等)爆发；突然开始(+doing)breakthrough取得突破breakwith与 断交；背弃breakinto强行闯入；破门而入；插话；突然 起来(+n.)［根据语境用break短语的正确形式填空］(1)Thethiefbrokeawayfromthepolicemanandranaway.(2)WhenItoldthemmystory,thegirlbrokeintotears.(3)Somewomenbrokewithtraditionbygoingtostudyabroad.(4)Scientistssaythey'rebeginningtobreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.(5)Whendidyoubreakupwithyourboyfriend?(6)Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.21Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳的光线将会被反射回太空中去，那么地球将处于寒冷之中，从而使生物不可能在地球上存活。句型：without导的含蓄虚拟条件句介词短语Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases代替虚拟条件句，用来表达虚拟的事实。有时表假设的情况隐含在一■些词或短语中(如otherwise，butfor，or等)。句式升级Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonwithoutyourhelp.(1)Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonifyouhadn'thelpedme/ifithadn'tbeenforyourhelp/用if引导的虚拟条件句改写)(2)Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonbutforyourhelp.^butfor改写)22Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.在过去的几年里，人们已经经历了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将来临。句型：see表示“经历，见证，目睹”(1)see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示在某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。(2)与see用法相同的动词还有find，witness，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。句式升级Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownsincethereformandopeningpoliciesstarted.(用拟人的修辞手法改写)Ourhometownhasseen/witnessedgreatchangessincethereformandopeningpoliciesstarted.跟踪达标训练对点训练，巩固基础；升华教材,强化应用I.单句语法填空1.Inthatboxyou'vegotsomethingthatispotentially(potential)goingtosavesomebody'slife.2.Iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhavecaused(cause)ustolearnless.(2017・全国I)3.Italyhaswitnessed(witness)asharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.(2017・才斤江).Weadvocatesolving(solve)theUkraineissuebynegotiations..Hisillnessledtohisnotbeing(not,be)abletoattendthemeeting..Apartfromgoodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes..Given(give)thatthereisnotrafficdelay,Iwillbehereontime..Shesacrificedapromisingcareerto100k(look)afterhersickdaughter..Oursoldiersarewillingtosacrificetheirlivestodefend(defend)ourcountry..Considering(consider)yoursalary,youshouldputasideatleast100dollarsaweek..Moststudentswantthatknowledgetoberelevanttotheirfuturecareers..Thebravesoldiersweredeterminedtosaveallthepeopletrapped(trap)intheflood..Toconstruct(construct)aworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.(2017・全国I)14.Itisreportedthatthenewairportisstillunderconstruction(construct).15.Ifyoudrivethiscarwithoutalicence,you'llhavetoanswerfortheconsequences.II.单句改错（每小题仅有1处错误）has1.Itisclearthatallthemeanshavebeentried,butinvain.The2."A-numberofgirlswerewaitingoutsidethegatetoseethefamousstar.nthepastfewyears,thousandsoffilmshavebeenproducedallovertheworld.his.Thepolicemanseizedthethiefbythearmimmediately..Theoldcouplewereverykindandtheytreatedtheiradoptedsonverywell.lived.Theyadvocatedthateveryonelive"alow-carbonlife.-suchaniceplace,"Mothersaidasshesatatthetablereservedforcustomers.while8.Iwassittingonthegrasswhenitbegantorainheavily.for.Thisaccidentcondemnedtheoldman口apoorlife..Wemustobeytheprinciple甫(allmenareinnocentuntiltheyareprovedguilty.referring".ThepersonreferredtoatthemeetingwasafamousscientistfromtheUSA.be12.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethiefsbeingcaught.m.教材与语法填空GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperature,1.whichinturnleadstoclimatechange.Scientistsholdtheviewthatitcouldbeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblems2.facing(face)the21stcentury.Someofthescientistshavereportedthatitishumanbeingsthat3.arecausing(cause)changesintheEarth'sclimate；forinthelast50years,gasespumpedintotheEarth'satmospherebythefactoriesandvehicles4.havebeen(be)speedinguptheprocessofglobalwarming.Itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesand5.rising(rise)globaltemperaturesisnot6.merely(mere)acoincidenceaccordingtosomedata.Ifwecontinuetoproducecarbondioxideandothergasesinsuchhuge7.quantities(quantity),wearecondemninglifeonEarth8.andshouldexpectsevereconsequences.Afterall,there'snosubstitute9.forourEarth,soeachpersonshouldtakeactiontoreducetheamountofcarbondioxidetogetherwiththegovernments10.tosave(save)theEarth.W.教材与短文改错AccordingtoareportwhichaimtoassessthelevelsofnoisepollutioninChina,noisepollutionisbecomingaseriouslyproblemallovertheworld.ThereismuchnoisepollutioninChina'surbanareasthaninChina'scountryside.Globallevelsofnoisepollutionareintheincrease.TheChinesegovernmenthasadoptedseveraleffectivenoisecontrolplans,sowecanbeoptimisticaboutChinafuture.Asamatteroffact,averageurbannoisepollutionlevelsdecreasedby3decibelssince1989.Thegovernmenthopestofarreducenoisepollutionlevelsinthefuturewithcontinuedefforts.Withnewregulationsorurbanplanning,pollutionlevelsshouldbedropeverfurther.Withinthenexttenyears,Chinawouldbecomeoneoftheleastnoise-pollutedcountryinAsia.答案Accordingtoareportwhich0amstoassessthelevelsofnoisepollutioninChina,noisepollutionisbecomingaseriouslyproblemallovertheworld.ThereismudnoisepollutioninChina'surbanareasthaninChina'sserious morecountryside.Globallevelsofnoisepollutionareontheincrease.TheChinesegovernmenthasadoptedseveraleffectiveChinanoisecontrolplans,sowecanbeoptimisticaboutChina'sfuture.Asamatteroffact,averageurbannoisepollutionlevelsA - farhavedecreasedby3decibelssince1989.Thegovernmenthopestofurtherreducenoisepollutionlevelsinthefuturewithorcontinuedefforts.Withnewregulationsandurbanplanning,pollutionlevelsshouldbedropeverfurther.Withinthenexttencountry.一years,fhmawouldbecomeone0ftheleastnoise-pollutedcountriesinAsia.V.教材与微写作【写作素材】（关于环境污染问题）1.实际上,空气已经被严重污染了。.这已导致大量的人死于与空气污染有关的疾病。（定语从句）.对所有这些行为的后果是要负责的，所以我们必须要采取行动。.除了关闭一些工厂外，我们还可以限制汽车的数量。.总之，我们每个人都要尽力而为。【连句成篇】——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文.Asamatteroffact,theairhasbeenseriouslypolluted.Ithas2.ledto thatdiedofillnessesrelatedtoairpollution.Allthesearetobe3.answeredfor,sowemust4.takeaction.5.Apartfromclosingdownsomefactories,wecanlimitthenumberofcars.6.Allinall,eachofusshouldtryourbest.课时作业I.阅读理解话题：旅游难度星级：☆（2019・山东济南外国语学校模拟）WhereIsSpringBreakWhereisSpringBreakgoingtobe?Theoptionsareendless.Doyouwanttogetyourbloodpumpingfromthrillingtravels?Looknofurther!Thesetoursanddestinationswillkeepyouonyourtoesallweeklong.Panama：Thisunderrateddestinationisalittle-knownsecretofthemosttravelers!Throughthistouryou'llgettohike,snorkelandexploreallthebestsightsthisbeautifulcountryhastooffer!Eightdaystoursfor'250/day.Canada：Thisdiversecountryisfullofoptions.ExploretheEastofCanadaandvisitcitiessuchasMontreal,QuebecorToronto.Ifyou'refeelingadventurous,exploretheWesternpartofthecountrywithaCanadianRockiesTour.Duringthistwelvedaystouryouwillhikeaglaciertobeautifulsceneryandwanderthroughpostcard-worthyvillages.TourstoCanadafors200/day.Iceland：CheckoffoneofthesevenwondersoftheworldwithatouroftheNorthernLightsandGoldenCircle.Spendsevendaysfullofadventurelikehikingglaciers,snowshoeingthroughThingvellirNationalPark,relaxingintheGeysirHotSpringsandofcourseexperiencingthegloryoftheNorthernLights!Sevendaystoursfor'300/day.SouthAfrica:DiscoverthediversecultureandwildlifethatmakesupSouthAfrica.Yourtourplanincludesajourneyalongthecoastknownas“RainbowNation”.Hereyouwillenjoybeautifulscenery,ahuntingtravelthroughAddoElephantNationalParkandthewildlifeinTsitsikarnmaNationalPark.Ninedaystoursfors230/day.语篇解读本文为应用文中的广告布告类，主要介绍了四个令人激动的旅游胜地。I.Whatisthesimilarcharacteristicofthetravelsmentionedinthetext?A.Exciting. B.Risky.C.Educational. D.Environmental.答案A解析细节理解题。根据“WhereisSpringBreakgoingtobe？Theoptionsareendless.Doyouwanttogetyourbloodpumpingfromthrillingtravels？”可知，文章中提到的这些旅行的共同点是令人激动的。A项与文中的thrilling相对应。故选A。2.Whichdestinationcoststouriststhemostmoney?A.Panama. B.Canada.C.Iceland. D.SouthAfrica.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段Panama中的最后一句"Eightdaystoursfors250/day.”可知，在巴拿马旅行的费用是250X8=2000（美元）；由第三段Canada中的最后两句"Duringthistwelvedaystour...TourstoCanadafors200/day.”可知，在加拿大旅行的费用是200X12=2400（美元）；由Iceland部分中的最后一■句"Sevendaystoursfor'300/day.”可知，在冰岛旅行的费用是300X7=2100（美元）；根据SouthAfrica部分中的最后一句"Ninedaystoursfor'230/day.”可知，在南非旅行的费用是230X9=2070（美元）。通过比较可知，去加拿大的费用最高。故选B项。3.Accordingtothetext,Panamaisadestinationwhich.A.isnotasfamousastheotherthreeB.youcangotoforenjoyingsurfingC.offersanoptiontohikeintheparkD.takesthemosttimeofthefourtours答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段Panama中的"Thisunderrateddestinationisalittle-knownsecretofthemosttravelers!”中的little-known意为“鲜为人知的”，由此可知，巴拿马不像另外三个旅游地那么出名。故选A。话题：环境难度星级：☆☆☆（2018・河北保定二模）Giventherecentinterestingreenbuildingsinthemedia,let'sthinkdifferently.Insteadoffocusingonincreasingthesupplyofenergy,whatifwefocusonreducingdemand?Canwestartwithendingtheopen-doorpracticeofstreet-frontshops?Whilecoolairfromtheseshopsisrefreshingtopedestrians,itcarriesacost.Energyisusedintheairconditioningprocess.Soitmustbepossibletolookforchangesinregulationsthatwouldencouragemoreenergy-savingdesigns.Forinstance,ifwefixceilingfans,air-conditioninghomescouldsurelybeavoidedforpartoftheyear.Ceilingfansusefarlessenergy.Theywerecommoninbuildingsbeforeairconditionerswereavailable.Iwonderhowmanyhoursinayearairconditionerscouldstayifceilingfanswerefixed.Inhomesbuiltunderthesmall-housepolicyinNewTerritories,theceilingmaybetoolowforceilingfans.Ifthe9-metermaximumbuildingheightregulationwererelaxed,ceilingfanscouldbefixedtoreduceenergyuse.Currentthinkinginsustainablebuildingdesignandoperationinvolvesintegrated（协调统一的）design；thatis,bringtogetherallpartiestocreateabuildingwithbetterperformancethatachievesenergyreduction.Forintegrateddesigntosucceed,allpartiesmustcometogetherandthinkbeyondeachperson'scircleofinfluence.Bettersolutionsareimpossibletoavoidwithintegrateddesign.Buildingswouldnolongerbeengineeredafterthebasicarchitecturewasbuilt.Positiveprojectoutcomesmayincludereducedair-conditioningload,reducedpoweruseforelectriclighting,andareductionintheamountofmaterial