2022届山西省运城市高三4月份考前适应性测试（二模）英语试题

2022届山西省运城市高三4月份考前适应性测试（二模）英

语试题

学校:姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

BestInternationalPhotographyConteststoEnter

RHSPhotographicCompetition

Ifyouareinterestedintakingphotosofyourgarden,enterthisflower-photo-friendly

contest,whichincludescategoriesfor1l-17-year-oldsandevenkidsunder11yearsold.This

photocompetitionisorganizedbytheRoyalHorticulture（园艺）Society,whichisintended

forphotographers,horticulturistsandgardenlovers.

EntryFee:Free

Prize:$6,000foreachwinneroffirstprize

IstanbulPhotoAwards

OrganizedbytheAnadoluAgency,theinternationalnewsphotographycontestaimsto

developthenewsphotographyareaandseekstorewardhard-workingnewsphotographers

aroundtheworld.ThecategoriesinthiscontestarePhotooftheYear,SingleNews,Story

News,SingleSportsandStorySports.

EntryFee:Free

Prize:$8,000forPhotooftheYearandfirstprizeinSingleNewsCategory.Thefirst

prizeinothercategoriesis$5,000.

ZEISSPhotographyAward

ZEISSPhotographyAwardisorganizedwiththepartnershipofZeissandtheWorld

PhotographyOrganization.Thephotographersareinvitedtosubmitphotosthemed"Seeing

BeyondDiscoveries".Eachphotographerhastosubmit5〜10imageswhichhavenotbeen

publishedbefore.WinnerswillbeinvitedtoLondontoparticipateintheSonyWorld

PhotographyAwardsexhibitionopening.

EntryFee:Free

Prize:ZEISSlenses（镜头）ofyourchoice（worth12,000Euros）and3,000Eurosto

covertravelexpenses

MonoVisionsPhotographyAwards

LeadingphotographymagazineMonoVisionswillawardcreativeexpressioninthe

blackandwhitemedium.Thisblackandwhitephotographycompetitionisalsoopenfor

amateurs,andphotostakenwithtraditionalordigitalmediaareaccepted.Thetwosectionsof

thecompetitionaretheBlackandWhiteSeriesoftheYearandBlackandWhitePhotoofthe

Year.

EntryFee:$20forasinglephoto;$25foraseries（maximum8photoswithcommon

concept&idea）

Prize:$2,000forthetopsingle;$3,000forthetopseries

1.Whichofthefollowingistheorganizerofanewsphotographycontest?

A.Zeiss.B.TheAnadoluAgency.

C.TheRoyalHorticultureSociety.D.TheWorldPhotographyOrganization.

2.WhatcanthewinnerofZEISSPhotographyAwardget?

A.Afull-timejobofferfromLondon.B.12,000Eurostocovertravelexpenses.

C.Aninvitationtoanexhibitionopening.D.Acamerawithhigh-qualityZEISS

lenses.

3.WhataretheparticipantsofMonoVisionsPhotographyAwardsrequiredtodo?

A.Submitcolorfulpictures.B.WorkforMonoVisions.

C.Usedigitalmediaonly.D.Payfortheirentry.

Agirls'soccerteamhasgonefromlosing20-0eachweektowinningpromotiontothe

topdivision-afteradadstartedcoaching.

GoldenHillgotroutinelythrashedeverytimetheycompetedinagame.Theteamnow

winregularlyandsecuredpromotionfornextyear.ThatisthankstoStuartHenley.The

41-year-oldcarvaleter（代客泊车的人），whose14-year-olddaughterplaysfortheteam,took

thejobtwoyearsagowhenthepreviousmanagerquitbecausenooneelsewould.

StuartrenamedtheteamLeekTownDevilsandstartedtraininghardinFebruary2020.

Manyplayershadneverkickedasoccerbeforejoiningtheteam,sotrainingthemtookhours

ofhardworkandpatience.Stuarfsfirstseasonwasdisturbedbythepandemic（疫情），which

forcedhimtogetcreativewithtraining.Heorganizedteam-buildingactivitieswiththegirls

tohelpthembondonandoffthefield.Stuartthenspentthesessionstheycouldholdfocusing

onthebasicsofsoccerlikepassing,shootingandmovement.Eachweekthegirlswereasked

toworkonthebitsthatwentwrongthepreviousSaturdayandlearnfromthem,whichreally

helpedtheteamimprove.

试卷第2页，共10页

Stuartrecalled,€UInourfirstgametogether,whenwescoredagoalitwaslikewinningthe

WorldCup.Althoughwelostthegame,wedidn'tcarebecausethegoalwasasignof

progress.^^

Stuartwatchedthegirlsdevelopoverthecourseoflastyear,andinSeptemberthey

playedtheiranothermatch.Theywonthegame,andsincethenwentonanunbeatenrunof

eightgames.Theirnewfoundformledthemtoatop-of-the-tablebattlethisFebruaiy,where

theyweresadlybeaten.However,theteamstillhavegonebeyondexpectationbywinning

promotiontothecounty*stopdivision.

Stuartadded,t4Weareaboutgivinggirlsthechancetoplaysoccer.We'regoingintonext

seasonfullofconfidenceandreadytocompeteagainsttoughercompetitors,butfbrnow

we'rereallyenjoyingourvictory.^^

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"thrashed“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Defeated.B.Challenged.C.Trained.D.Praised.

5.WhatdidStuartHenleyasktheteamtodoforthetraining?

A.Learnfromthewrong.B.Avoidteam-buildingactivities.

C.Abandonpreviouskickingskills.D.Focusonhigh-leveltechniques.

6.WhatdidStuartHenleythinkoftheteam'sperformancefortheirfirstgame?

A.Itmeantnothingtohim.B.Itwasacompletefailure.

C.Ithardlyliveduptohisexpectation.D.Itdeservedrecognitionandcheers.

7.Whatdoestheauthorintendtostressabouttheteaminparagraph5?

A.Itsfutureexpectations.B.Itsamazingachievements.

C.Itsdisappointingfailures.D.Itstruecompetinggoals.

Whetherit'sacupofcoffee,acupofhottea,orabottleofsoda,consumingcaffeine（咖

啡因）isagoodchoiceformillionswhowanttowakeuporstayup.Now,researchersat

JohnsHopkinsUniversityhavefounditsanotheruse:improvingourmemory.

“We'vealwaysknownthatcaffeinehaseffectsonraisingcognitive（认知的）abilities,

butitsparticulareffectonstrengtheningmemoryhasneverbeenproved,“saidMichaelYassa,

oneofthescientistsoftheresearchteam.

Theresearchersconductedadouble-blindtrialinwhichparticipantswhodidnot

regularlyeatordrinkproductsconsistingofcaffeinereceivedeitheraplacebo（安慰齐［）ora

caffeinepillfiveminutesafterstudyingaseriesofpictures.Thenextday,bothgroupswere

testedontheirabilitytorecognizepicturesfromthepreviousday'sstudysession.Onthetest,

someofthepictureswerethesameasthosefromthedaybefore,andsomewerenew

additionswhichweresimilarbutnotthesame.

Moremembersofthecaffeinegroupwereabletocorrectlyidentifythenewpicturesas

“similar“topreviouslyviewedpicturesratherthanmistakenlyseethemasthesame.The

brain'sabilitytorecognizethedifferencebetweentwosimilarbutnotthesameitems

reflectedbettermemory,theresearcherssaid.

“Ifweusedastandardrecognitionmemorytaskwithoutthesesimilaritems,wewould

havefoundnoeffectofcaffeine,Yassasaid."'However,usingtheseitemsrequiresthebrain

tomakeamoredifficultdiscrimination-whatwecallpatternseparation,whichseemstobe

theprocessthatisimprovedbycaffeineinourcase.”

“Almostallthepreviousstudiesdistributedcaffeinebeforethestudysession,soifthere

isanimprovement,it\notclearwhetherit'sduetocaffeine'seffectsonattention,focus,or

otherfactors,Yassasaid."Byofferingcaffeineafterthestudysession,weruleoutallof

theseeffectsandmakesurethatifthereisanimprovement,it'sduetomemoryandnothing

else.”

8.Whichparagraphmainlytellstheprocessoftheexperimentindetail?

A.Paragraph2.B.Paragraph3.C.Paragraph4.D.Paragraph5.

9.Whydidtheresearchersusesimilarpictures?

A.Tomeasureparticipants,attention.B.Totestparticipants,abilitytolearn.

C.Toaddthedifficultyofdiscrimination.D.Tofurtherexplainpatternseparation.

10.Howisthisexperimentdifferentfromthepreviousones?

A.Participantshadfewcoffeedrinkingexperiences.B.Participantswereforcedtodrink

strongercoffee.

C.Participantsstudiedthepicturesafteralongbreak.D.Participantstookincaffeineafter

studyingthepictures.

11.Thepurposeoftheexperimentistoprovecaffeine•

A.helpspeoplestayenergeticB.strengthenslearningability

C.doesharmtocognitiveabilitiesD.hasapositiveeffectonmemory

Asglobalclimatechangebecomesmoreserious,growingcropswillbeamajor

challenge.Massiveheatwavesanddroughts（干旱）arealreadydoingharmtofarmers:Over

试卷第4页，共10页

thenextthreedecades,California^SanJoaquinValleyalonecouldloseupto535,000acres

offarminglandasaresultoftheshortageofwatersupplies.

JenniferBrophywantstohelpsolvethatproblem.She'sanassistantprofessorof

bioengineeringatStanford,andworksonmethodsthatshehopeswillbeusedtochangecrop

speciessothattheycansurvivesevereconditions.Atpresent,Brophyisdevelopingnew

genetic（基因的）engineeringtechniquesthatcanhelpcropssurvivedroughts.

Inordertopromoteplantstorespondtoextremeclimate,Brophyisbuildingwhatshe

calls"geneticcircuits”.Besideschangingthegeneswithinplantcells,thismethodalso

changeshowandwhenthosegenesareactivated.Iftheplantsensesaspecificsugar,itcan

expressoneprotein（蛋白质）；ifitsensesanothersignal,ifllexpressadifferentprotein,

kickingoffanentirelyseparatechainofevents.Ifbothsignalsarethere,theplantmaybe

abletoexpresssomethingelseentirely.t€Usingcircuits,youcanhaveplantsrespondinnew

waystoallthesedifferentinputsJshesays.

''Normally,aplantdoesn'tnecessarilyknowwhat'scoming.Itjustknowsifit'shotor

temperaterightnow,^^saysBrophy.Thiscanleadtoproblemswhenweatherbecomes

unstable:Aplantthatusuallyflowersinspringmayflowerinwinterifthere?reafew

unseasonablywarmdays.Whentemperaturesfallquicklyagain,theflowersdieandruina

yearofcrops."It'dbegreattobeabletocommunicatewithplantstotellthem,"Hey,you

shouldwaitonthatflowering,sheadds.

Controllingplants'growthatthislevelisexciting,butactuallyputtingitintopracticeis

notaneasytask.Atthemoment,Brophyistestingthemethodinthelabusingasmallweedy

plantcalledArabidopsis.She'sstillintheprocessoffiguringouthowtoactivatecertain

genesoncommand.

12.WhyisCalifornia^SanJoaquinValleymentioned?

A.lbprovethesignificanceofgrowingmorecrops.

B.Topointoutthebarriertoincreasingwatersupplies.

C.Toshowtheharmfuleffectofclimatechangeonfarming.

D.Totelltherootcauseofmoresevereglobalclimatechange.

13.Whatistheexpectedfunctionofgeneticcircuits?

A.Creatingwarmerlivingconditions.B.Increasingplants'exposuretonature.

C.Controllingplants'growthondemand.D.Monitoringtheproteinintheplants.

14.WhatdoesthetextsayaboutJenniferBrophy'sresearch?

A.Itstillhasalongwaytogo.Itisactuallyaneasytask.

C.Ithasprovedsuccessful.Itturnsoutmeaningless.

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Avictoriousbattleagainstglobalwarming.B.Awaytohelpcropssurviveclimate

change.

C.Ascientificbreakthroughinbioengineering.D.Anewtypeofcropsresistanttoheat

waves.

二、七选五

Whenyoufeeldown,youareexpectingtoreceivesupportorcomfortfromyourfriends.

Yourfriendsfeelthesameway.However,itmaybenoteasytocheerupyourfriendswhen

youcan'tbebytheirside.16

Askifthere'sanythingyoucandotohelp.Differentpeopleprefertobecomfortedin

differentways.Askifthere'sanythingspecificyoucandotohelpyourfriends.17

Whileyou'retalkingonthephone,saysomethinglike,nWhatcanIdotohelp?I'malways

hereifyouneedanything.

18Thissimplegesturecanreallybrightenyourfriends?day.Ifyourfriendsare

inneedofcomfort,sendthemfrequentremindersthatyou'rethinkingofthem.Share

somethingthatremindedyouofthem.Itwillletyourfriendsknowthatthey'restillimportant

inyourlifeevenifthey'refaraway.

Listwhyyouthinkthey'respecial.19Sendthemalistofallthereasonswhy

youthinkthey'reamazing.Whetheritbetheirkindandcompassionate（富有同情心的）

nature,theirsenseofstyle,ortheirabilitytofindthecoolestmusic,tellthemwhyyouareso

gratefultoknowthem.Afterreadingwhatyouhavelisted,theywillfeelencouraged.

Sendthemagift.Surprisethemwithsomethingspecialtomaketheirday.Arrangefor

flowerstobedeliveredtotheirapartmentormailthemoneoftheirfavoritealbums.

20Ahomemadegift,likeaknitted（针织的）scarforapieceofartwork,willlift

theirspiritsallthesame.

A.Sendagifttothemtocelebratetheirsuccess.

B.Thankfully,therearemanywaysyoucanhelp.

C.Therefore,youcanvisitthemtocheerthemup.

试卷第6页，共10页

D.Textthemtoletthemknowthey'reonyourmind.

E.Youdon'thavetogoalloutintermsofspending.

F.Ifthey'vebeendownonthemselveslately,theymayneedareminder.

G.Thequestionalonewillshowyoucare,andtheywillappreciateyourkindoffer.

三、完形填空

Iwasdrivingmy5-year-oldsonhomewhenIsawahomelessmaninthemedianstrip

（中央分隔带）intheroad.

Iwantedtogivethemansome21,butIdidn'thaveanycash.Myson

22themanaswellandheinsistedthatIgivethemanthe30centshehad.It

seemedthathehadreadmy23andherespondedoutloud.

Iwasmorethan24thathewantedtohelp,buthonestly,Iwas25.I

didn'twanttogivejust30centstothismanwhoclearly26morehelp.Myown

prideand27overthehomelessman*sdisappointedreactionto28justtwo

coinsstoodintheway.

IquicklyrealizedthatIwastheonly29inthesituationandthatthetraffic

lightwouldturngreensoon.Ithenthoughttomyself,'Tvebeenteachinghimabout

30othersandnowthathewantstogiveeverythinghecan31,1shouldn't

letmypersonalself-centeredness32thisactofkindness.^^

Ialmosttoldmyson,"Let'swaitto33untilweatleasthaveonedollar.^^I

almosttoldmysonthatwhathehadwasn't34.1almostshowedhimthatwhathe

sawasagoodthingcouldn'tmakea35insomeone'slife.Ialmosttaughthimthat

personal36wasmoreimportantthanhelpinganotherhuman.

37,1quicklygotridofthatfoolishness.

IthenrolleddownthewindowandsaidtothemanJTmsorry.Idon'thaveanycashon

me,butmy5-year-oldsonbackinthe38wantstogiveyoueverythinghehasright

now.”

Tomy39,thesmileonthatman'sfacelituptheintersection.Theonlything

thatmatchedthe40ofthatstranger'ssmilewasthebiggersmileonmyboy'sface.

21.A.equipmentB.informationC.moneyD.advice

22.A.comfortedB.taughtC.noticedD.attracted

23.A.apologyB.mindC.orderD.future

24.A.happyB.confusedC.angryD.ashamed

25.A.thrilledB.hesitantC.disappointedD.relieved

26.A.neededB.rejectedC.overlookedD.assessed

27.A.advantageB.worryC.curiosityD.control

28.A.owingB.donatingC.receivingD.lending

29.A.planB.changeC.resultD.problem

30.A.helpingB.forgivingC.followingD.tolerating

31.A.abandonB.recordC.achieveD.offer

32.A.preserveB.promoteC.forgetD.ruin

33.A.giveB.escapeC.fightD.drive

34.A.enoughB.realC.simpleD.worthless

35.A.messB.choiceC.differenceD.wish

36.A.kindnessB.prideC.generosityD.success

37.A.UnfortunatelyB.ThankfullyC.InitiallyD.Casually

38.A.bankB.garageC.carD.road

39.A.honorB.embarrassmentC.sadnessD.surprise

40.A.disappearanceB.challengeC.pressureD.brightness

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Environmentalistsaregettingmoreworriedabouttheharmfuleffectsoffastfashionon

theenvironment.

Fastfashionisthemassproductionofclothesatalowcost,whichareputinshopsand

onlinequickly41(create)ahighdemand.Manufacturers(制造商)make100

billionitemsofclothingeveryyearandthisisexpectedtogrow4260percentby

2030.Itisreported43manyoftheclothesendupin