六年级下册英语素材语法知识 全国通用

/小学英语语法知识英语动词4种时态：

1、一般现在时：常与表示程度或频度的词连用,如：often〔经常〕,usually〔通常,一般〕,sometimes〔有时〕,always〔总是,一直〕,never〔从不〕,表示经常性或习惯性的动作,表示现在的特征或状态,表示普遍真理。用动词原形表示,第三人称单数后,动词要在词尾加s〔或es,或变y为i再加es〕。如：Ioftengetupat7:00.

Heoftengetsupat7:30.

2、现在进行时：表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。用am/is/are加动词ing形式表示,如:Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatishedoing?Heissinging.

3、一般将来时：常与表示将来的时间连用,如：tomorrow,nextweek,nextyear等,表示将要发生的动作或情况。用am/is/are加goingto形式表示,如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’mgoingtorideahorse.用will加动词原形表示,如：WhatwillyoudonextSunday?Iwillgoshopping.用am/is/are加动词ing形式表示,如：Whatareyoudoingtomorrow?I’mgoingbowling.

4、一般过去时：经常与表示过去的时间连用,如:yesterday,lastnight等,表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。动词要用动词的过去式。如：

Whowasfirst?Kenwasfirst.

Wherewereyouyesterday?Iwasathome.

Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwenttoschool.

形容词的比拟级和最高级：

1、单音节词：比拟级加er,最高级加est.如：tall—taller—thetallest,

Heistallerthanhisbrother.Tomisthetallestinhisclass.

2、多音节词和局部双音节词：比拟级加more,最高级加themost.如：

interestingmoreinterestingthemostinteresting,

Musicisinterestingsubject.P.E.ismoreinterestingthanmusic..

Scienceisthemostinterestingsubject.形容词变为比拟级的变化规那么：〔1〕一般情况下,在形容词的词尾直接加er。如:tall—tallershort—shorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾直接加r,如：nice—nicer.late—later(3)以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er.如：big—biggerthin—thinnerfat—fatter(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词,先变y为i,再加er。如：easy—easierheavy—heavierfunny—funnier.〔2〕、局部形容词比拟级的不规那么变化：good—betterwell—betterbad—worsebadly—worsemany—moremuch—morelittle—lessfar—farther动词ing的变化规律：1〕直接加ing,如：open-opening,clean-cleaning,meet-meeting,sing-singing,study-studying,…2〕去掉词尾不发音的e,如：take-taking,close-closing,come-coming,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,…3〕重读闭音节的,双写最后的字母,加ing,如：sit-sitting,put-putting,begin-beginning,get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-becoming,…主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同)：1〕直接加s,如：cook-cooks,come-comes,close-closes,…2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,catch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses,…3〕辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i,+es,如：fly-flies,worry-worries,carry-carries,…4〕以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es.5〕特殊：have-has,…6〕家庭、亲属和朋友：姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好：与你的关系words:family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend相关句型:1)Ishe/sheTom’scousin?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.2)Who’she/she?He’s/She’smyfriend.3)Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Whoarethey?Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.注意：1〕名词单复数,如：family-families;名词单数--复数规律:〔1〕1〕直接加s,如：boy-boys,term-terms,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:box-boxes,class-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,inch-inches,match-matches,3〕辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i,+es,如：baby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,peach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches,4〕以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,…5〕特殊:man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-women,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,6)不变:hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,meat,people,fish,sheep,…〔2〕名词所有格,说明是“谁的〞如：mycousin’s,hisparents’它的构成规那么：单数名词后+“’s〞,Mike’smother.复数名词词尾有,其后只+“’〞,Teachers’Da教师节.假设是两人共有时,只在后者+“’s〞,JimandTom’smother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。不是两者所共有的,两者都+“’s〞,Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。名词假设是无生命,所有格构成用of,amapofChina.一幅中国地图I一般过去时态定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。

结构：“主语+动词的过去式〞

用法：

1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

Hewashereyesterday.

Igotupatsevenyesterdaymorning.

Mymotherwasatworkyesterdayafternoon.

Didyouhaveagoodtimelastsummer?

2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

Mymotheroftenwenttoworkbytaxilastyear.

WhenIwasastudent,Ioftenlistenedtomusic.

3.常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：一般过去式的用法：

一般过去式表示过去的动作和状态,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。

Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.去年我在那一家工厂工作。

Imethimyesterday.昨天我碰见了他。

IwenttotheTianLongMountainyesterday.昨天我们去了天龙山。

一般过去式构成：表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的根底上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规那么动词和不规那么动词。4.一般过去时的标志词:lastyear;lastnightyesterday(+morning,afternoon,evening)in+过去时间词:in2019…II过去式规那么变化〔a〕动词词尾+“ed〞。walk→walked〔走〕need→needed〔需要〕

〔b〕动词词尾为“e〞时,加“-d〞。live→lived〔住〕like→liked〔喜欢〕

〔c〕动词词尾为“辅音字母+y〞时,去“y〞加“ied〞,假设是词尾为“元音字母+y〞,只加“ed〞。

study→studied〔学习〕play→played〔游戏〕〔d〕原形动词词尾为重读闭音节时,先双写该辅音字母再+“ed〞stop→stoppedIII过去式规那么变化(一)不变1.cutcut2.letlet3.putput4readread5．mustmust〔二〕改成ecame2.becomebecame3.beginbegan4.drinkdrank5.havehad6.runran7.sitsat8.ringrang9.singsang10.swimswam11.givegave〔三〕改成ght1.thinkthought2.fightfought3.bringbrought4.buybought5.catchcaught6.teachtaught〔三〕改成t1.keepkept2.sleepslept3.sweepswept4.feelfelt5.spendspent6.learnlearnt7.meanmeant〔四〕改成ew1.blowblew2.knowknew3.growgrew4.drawdrew

5.throwthrew6.flyflew

〔五〕改成o1.getgot2.forgetforgot3.writewrote4.riderode5.drivedrove6.sellsold7.telltold8.standstood9.understandunderstood10.speakspoke11.hearheard12.taketook

(六)其他形式1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid6.findfound7.meetmet8.seesaw9.cancould10.shallshould11.willwould12.maymight

13.gowent14.seesaw15.wearwore时态时间标志口诀集锦1.一般现在时：“总经常有每没〔美眉^^〕复星周〞

总：always,usually等

经常：often

有：sometimes〔记住,“有〞不是have,而是“有时〞〕

每：everyweek/month/year等

没：never

复星周：onMondays,onTuesdays等

2.一般过去时：“昨天上个XX〔读作叉叉〕前,in加年份when字连〞〔原创〕

昨天：yesterday,后面可以加morning,afternoon,evening等

上个：last,后面可以加week,month,year等

XX前：ago,前面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsago

in加年份：in2009/2019/1986/1220等