《英语（二）》全国高等教育自学考试考前点题卷二

《英语（二）》全国高等教育自学考试考前点题卷二[问答题]1.Directions:Writeashortessaywi（江南博哥）thaclearcendivalideaandeffectivedevelopment.Youshouldbaseyourwritingonthefollowingsituation.MostcitizensinBeijingarepleasedwiththefreebusdivavelprovidedtoseniorsover65yearsold.However,aheateddiscussionhasbeendiviggeredwhenseniorstakethebusatrushhourwiththeyoungworkers,becauseitintensifiesdivafficjams.Somesuggestcancelingthefreerideforseniorsatrushhourwhileothersstatethatduerespectshouldbegiventoseniors.Whichsidewouldyoutakeandwhatreasonscanyouoffer?参考答案：（略）共享题干题下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断，如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基础结构）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治执政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[单选题]1.SouthandEastAsiaarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalization.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven参考答案：A参考解析：这里的关键词是SouthandEastAsia，定位到文章的第一句话“WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeoftradeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia...”，意思是说过去十几年贸易全球化中东亚和南亚是最大的赢家，与题干的意思是吻合的，因此题干是正确的。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基础结构）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治执政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[单选题]2.Japanhasalongdivadingdivadition.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven参考答案：A参考解析：这里的关键词是tradingtradition，在原文中找到相关描述“EastAsiahasalongtradingtradition...”虽然这里没有直接提到日本，但是东亚就包括了日本，所以题干说法是正确的。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基础结构）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治执政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[单选题]3.RussiawaswronglyguidedbytheIMF.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven参考答案：A参考解析：这里的关键词是Russia，第二段第二句话FirstamongtheseisRussia，which...这里的these指的是前面一句话Insomeregions，certaincountrieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies，oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.因此说法正确。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基础结构）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治执政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[单选题]4.AllAfricancoundiviesfollowedtheIMFformula.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven参考答案：B参考解析：关键词是Africancountries和IMFformula，相关句子在最后一段话：BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages...thatrancountertoIMFprescriptions。博茨瓦纳和乌干达都是非洲国家，可见并非所有非洲国家都遵守了国际货币基金组织的准则。因此所有非洲国家都遵守了国际货币基金组织准则的说法是错误的。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基础结构）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治执政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[单选题]5.TheSovietUnionwasacapitalistcoundivy.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGwen参考答案：B参考解析：关键词SovietUnion，在原文的第一段话中说TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.这里的shelteredfrom是“避开、回避”的意思，free-market是“自由市场”，我们知道资本主义国家的市场体系是自由市场，所以苏联不是资本主义国家。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基础结构）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治执政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[单选题]6.Ausdivaliaisoneofthebiggestwinnersfromglobalization.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven参考答案：C参考解析：Australia原文中没有提到，所以说法缺乏依据。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基础结构）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治执政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[单选题]7.Chinaisthebiggestwinnerfromglobalization.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven参考答案：A参考解析：根据关键词biggestwinner可以定位到文章的最后一段的第一句话，指出中国是全球化中最大的赢家，与题干是一致的。因此本题是正确的。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基础结构）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治执政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[单选题]8.ChinadidnottakeIMFadvice.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven参考答案：A参考解析：最后一段话的第一句就说明了中国是没有采用国际基金货币组织准则。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基础结构）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治执政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[单选题]9.ManyhighofficialsinRussiahavemuchbenefitedfromprivatization.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven参考答案：C参考解析：原文中俄罗斯私有化部分没有提到题干的内容。WhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeofdivadeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc（集团）andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongdivadingdivadition,latelyreinvigorated（给以新的活力）bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecoundiviesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrasdivucture（基础结构）；manycoundivieshavelittletodivadebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincoundivieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies,oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990sdiviedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindusdivialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs（寡头政治执政者），who,knowinghowunsdivconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incondivast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircoundiviesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingsdivcivilsocieties,liberalizingdivadeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.[单选题]10.BotswanaandUgandaachievedvigorousgrowthfromglobalization.()A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven参考答案：A参考解析：本题的关键词是BotswanaandUganda，可以定位到文章的最后一段的第三句话，“BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircountriesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingstablecivilsocieties,liberalizingtradeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.”博茨瓦纳和乌干达也是在全球化中成功的案例。因此本题是正确的。阅读下面短文，请从短文后各题所给的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。Sleepingisveryancient.Intheelecdivoencephalographic（脑电图仪的）senseweshareitwithalltheprimates（灵长类动物）andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles（爬行动物）.Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredators（食肉动物）arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized（使固定不动）andremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheireartoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Whyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal'svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilseWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhavesuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlydivue.[单选题]11.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimalsleeps().A.shallowlyB.ononesideC.withoutmovingD.intermittently参考答案：C参考解析：本题的依据在第二段。“Indreamsleep，theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.”在该句中我们可以找到关键词“immobilized”与“unresponsive”，它们实际上与“withoutmoving”同义。其他三个选项的内容都与原文不符。Sleepingisveryancient.Intheelecdivoencephalographic（脑电图仪的）senseweshareitwithalltheprimates（灵长类动物）andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles（爬行动物）.Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredators（食肉动物）arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized（使固定不动）andremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheireartoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Whyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal'svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilseWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhavesuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlydivue.[单选题]12.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatanimalsthatarepreyrarelyexperiencedreamsleepbecausethey().A.wouldbecaughtifdeeplyasleepB.needmoresleepthanpredatorsC.areparticularlyintelligentanimalsD.haveevolvedfurtherthanpredators参考答案：A参考解析：文章在第二段中提到，在做梦的睡眠中，动物是一动不动的，对外界刺激毫无反应。这样的情况对被捕食的动物很危险，因为它们如果睡得很死，就有可能被食肉动物吃掉。所以我们可以推断，这些动物睡觉时很少做梦，因为熟睡会被别的动物逮住。Sleepingisveryancient.Intheelecdivoencephalographic（脑电图仪的）senseweshareitwithalltheprimates（灵长类动物）andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles（爬行动物）.Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredators（食肉动物）arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized（使固定不动）andremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheireartoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanima