2021年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本英语考试

2021年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本

英语

第I卷(选择题，共125分)

I,Phonetics(5points)

Directions:Ineachofthefollowinggroupsofwords,therearefourunderlined

lettersorlettercombinationsmarkedA,B,CandD.Comparetheunderlinedparts

andidentifytheonethatisdifferentfromtheothersinpronunciation.Markyour

answerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

1A.cakeB.gasC.bagD.tax

2A.toughB.laughC.thoughD.cough

3A.pupilB.musicC.hugeD.lucky

4A.gestureB.matureC.mixtureD.structure

5A.leaderB.pleasureC.leatherD.measure

II.VocabularyandStructure(15points)

Directions:Thereare15incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreachsentence

therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseoneanswerthatbestcompletes

thesentenceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

6.一Didyoufindthefilmboring?

-Notatall.Itwas.

A.terrificB.bitter

C.horribleD.miserable

7.Bythetimeheretires,Carlpresidentfor15yearsattheuniversity.

A.wouldbeB.willhavebeen

C.willbeD.hasbeen

8.Thepipeinthekitchenisbroken.Weshouldhaveitassoonaspossible.

A.toberepairedB.repaired

C.torepairD.repairing

9.EverytimeImether,shewouldshowherconcernmeandmyfamily.

A.againstB.on

C.fromD.for

10.Marydemandedthathethebooksheborrowedfromheramonthago.

A.returnB.wouldreturn

C.returnedD.hadreturned

11.Wehavetoacceptthefactthereisashortageofqualifiedteachersin

thecountryside.

A.thatB.which

C.sinceD.because

12.Thereareenoughnightschoolsinthiscity.Adultscanbeeducatedno

matteroldtheyare.

A.howB.what

C.whenD.where

13.Thosearewillingtohelpothersarelikelytobepopularamongpeople.

A.whoseB.which

C.whoD.what

14.Manyyoungpeoplehavestoppednewspapersbecausetheyreadthenewsonline

now.

A.buyB.tobuy

C.boughtD.buying

15.Susie'sexperienceisunusualshetravelled20countriesinonlyonemonth.

A.sothatB.exceptthat

C.inthatD.suchthat

16.Thecompanyhas80staffmembers,15foreignexperts.

A.nottocountB.notcounted

C.havingnotcountedD.notcounting

17.Theyoungmotherevergetsachancetostudy,exceptwhenthechildrenhave

gonetobed.

A.hardlyB.almost

C.onlyD.nearly

18.theresultoftheexam,shestoodatthedooroftheclassroom,disappointed.

A.KnowingB.Tobeknown

C.KnownD.Toknow

19.Naturalgascanserveasantocoalandoilbecauseitismore

environmentallyfriendly.

A.optionB.extra

C.additionD.alternative

20.Thelibrariandidsomecarefulcheckingandfoundseveralbooksfromthe

shelf.

A.leakingB.missing

C.losingD.dropping

III.Cloze（30points）

Directions：Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoices

markedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandmarkyouranswer

byblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Aschildrenmovetowardsadulthood（成年），theybecometaller,stronger,and

moreindependent.Atsomepointinadulthood,21,aslowdeclinebegins.Their

hairoften22gray,theirskinwrinkles,andtheirmusclesbeginto23Their

short-termmemorymaysuffer,andtheyoften2qpartoftheirvisionorhearing.

Scientistsarenot25surewhatcausestheeffectsofaging.Thebodymight

haveatime26whichwoulddeterminehowlongthecellscanremain?7

Dependingonthetypeofanimalanditsenvironment,animalsageatdifferentrates

andlive28differentlengthsoftime.Ananimalinagoodzoo-well29and

protectedfrompredators（捕食者）一oftenliveslongerthanthesametypeinthe

wild.30,peoplewholiveinrichcountriesgenerallylivelongerthan31

inpoorcountries.

Severalotherfactorsalso§2howlongpeopleliveandthequalityoftheir

lives.Onefactorisgenetics（遗传）.Insomefamilies,itseemsthatmany33have

longlives.Geneticsmayalso

determinewhetherpeople34_certaindiseases.Anotherfactoris

lifestyle.Peoplewhokeeptheirminds35andoftencommunicatewithfriendswill

feelyoungerandmaylivelonger.Peoplewhokeepanormalweight,exercise,anddo

notsmokemayalsoagemoreslowly.

21.A.moreoverB.besidesC.thereforeD.however

22.A.fallsB.turnsC.staysD.seems

23.A.growB.developC.shrinkD.fade

24.A.loseB.harmC.protectD.improve

25.A.simplyB.exactlyC.purelyD.strictly

26.A.labelB.lackC.linkD.limit

27.A.healthyB.brightC.stableD.secure

28.A.withB.onC.inD.for

29.A.clothedB.trainedC.behavedD.fed

30.A.FinallyB.MostlyC.CommonlyD.Similarly

31.A.thoseB.thatC.othersD.some

32.A.judgeB.formC.causeD.affect

33.A.friendsB.membersC.racesD.names

34.A.takeB.makeC.getD.cause

35.A.calmB.cleverC.firmD.active

IV.ReadingComprehension（60points）

Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis

followedbyfourquestions.

ForeachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

thebestanswerandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Painisanemotionalaswellasphysicalresponsetoinjuryordisease.Intense

fearandanxietyarevitalimmediateresponsesthatcauseyoutoavoidsourcesof

painwheneverpossible.Sometimes,however,painpersistsevenwhentheinjuryor

diseaseisnolongerpresent.Apainfulfeelingcanbecomeassociatedwithconstant

stress,badmemories,orlastingfear.

Medicineisoftenessentialforcontrollingpainintheshortterm,buttaking

painkillers（止痛药）foranextendedperiodcanleadtoaddiction（上日&orserious

physicalsideeffects,includingstomachandliverdiseases.Yourbodymayalsobuild

upatolerancetoadrugsothatyougetlessbenefitfromitastimegoeson.

Althoughyoushouldalwaysseekmedicaladviceifpainissevereorcontinues

foralongtime,youcanalsousetechniquestocontrolit.Mind-bodytechniquescan

reduceorhelpcontrolpain一withnoriskofsideeffects.Mostpeoplerelaxwith

deep,controlledbreathingtoreducethetensionthatcomeswithpain.Trylying

quietlyinadarkroom;breatheindeeplywhilecountingto10,holdthebreathfor

amoment,andthenexhaleslowlyforacountof10.Continuethisfor10-20minutes.

Shiftingyourattentionoftenreducespain'sseverity（严重程度）.Tryturning

yourattentionawayfromthepainfularea,focusinginsteadonanon-painfulpart

ofyourbody.Or,imaginethepainasabigbal1ofenergyoutsideyourbody,and

makeitsmallerinyourmind.Trainyourselftoreplacethethoughtslike”Ican，t

stopthispain,vwithpositiveonessuchasuThispainisonlytemporary.v

Inthispractice,youmerelyacknowledgethepainbyactivelyfightingit,

insteadofallowingittodominateyourthoughts.

36.Whichofthefollowingispeople'snaturalresponsetopain?

A.Theytendtofeelworriedandfrightened.

B.Theywanttomakesureitwon'tlastlong.

C.Theyprefertoforgetthebadmemories.

D.Theytrytofindoutwhatmaycausepain.

37.WhatcanbeinferredabouttakingpainkillersfromParagraph2?

A.Itleadstoaddictioninashortperiodoftime.

B.Itbuildsupthetolerancetopain.

C.Itbecomeslesseffectiveovertime.

D.Itcuresstomachandliverdiseasesslowly.

38.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exhale“inParagraph

3?

A.Tobreatheout.B.Tofallasleep.

C.Toturnyourbody.D.Togetup.

39.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowtoUseYourBraintoManagePain?

B.WhatIstheRightWaytoShiftYourAttention?

C.WhatIstheCorrectWaytoTakeMedicines?

D.HowtoEliminatePainkillers'SideEffects?

PassageTwo

Swedenisaimingforazero-wastesociety.Thistakesthecountry'srecycling

revolutiononestepfurther一fromputtingrubbishinlandfills（废物填埋场），to

recyclingtoreusing.

Itisearlymorning.Before31—year-oldDanielSilbersteingoestohisoffice,

hehasseparatedout

hisemptycartons（纸箱）intothecontainersinthesharedbasement.Itisjust

someofthetwotonsofrubbishheandhisfellowSwedesrecycleperpersoneach

year.

“Thethingaboutrecyclingisthatit'squiteautomatic.It'sbasicallyathing

younaturallydo,“Silbersteinsays.

“Abigpartofitisthinkingaboutwhatkindofenvironmentourdaughteris

goingtohaveinthefuture.Iamakidofthe1990sandnotrecyclingiskindof

abnormalforus,butformydaughter'sgenerationitwillhopefullygoeven

further.Shealreadythinksit'sfuntopushthecartonsintotherecyclingstation

whenItakeherthere.”

Themainproblemtodayisthatmanyusedproductsarehardtodealwith.Anew

movementisgaininggroundthatseekstoensureeverythingcanbereusedsomehow.In

2017theSwedishgovernmentreformedthetaxsystemsothatpeoplecouldgetcheaper

repairsonusedgoods,andaSwedishclothingcompanyoperatesarecyclingproject

wherecustomersgetadiscountuponhandinginoldclothes.Meanwhile,scientists

areworkingonfindingnewclothingmaterialsthatarelessdamagingtothe

environment.

ForDanielSilbersteinandhisdaughterCharlie,thefuturebeginsat

home.uFriendsshouldn，tthrowrubbishontheground,vCharliesays,andherdad

agrees:"Inthefuturewe'11lookattheoldstyleofrecyclingthewaywelook

atfossil（化石）fuelsandlandfillsitestoday.Itwillallseemcrazy.”

40.WhatisthemainreasonforSilbersteintopracticerecycling?

A.Toprotecttheenvironment.B.Tosavemoremoney.

C.Toobeythelocalrules.D.Tofollowhisfellows.

41.WhatisthemainproblemforSwedentobuildazero-wastesociety?

A.Theyoungergenerationdoesnotlikeusedgoods.

B.Rubbishisoftenthrownontheground.

C.Manyusedgoodsaredifficulttohandle.

D.Theoldergenerationisnotusedtorecycling.

42.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSweden'srecyclingrevolution?

A.Thegovernmentencouragespeopletostoreusedgoods.

B.Scientistsarefundedininventingnewclothingmaterials.

C.Thekidsmustputthecartonsintotherecyclingstation.

D.Peoplemaybuynewclothescheaperafterreturningoldones.

43.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsbuildingazero-wastesocietyin

Sweden?

A.Approving.B.Disappointed.

C.Doubtful.D.Critical.

PassageThree

WelcometoStratford-upon-Avon,homeoftheworld，smostfamouswriter,William

Shakespeare（1564—1616）StratfordisfamousinhistoryformanyoldbuiIdingsfrom

theMiddleAges.Ouraimistoattractyoutoexploreourlovelytownfollowingstreets

thatShakespearewouldhaveknownandwouldstillrecognize.

Stratford-upon-AvonhasbeenamarkettownsincebeforeShakespeare'sday.It

wasasmallrivercrossinguntilitreceiveditslegalstatusasatownin1196.The

originalcrossingwasclosetothesiteofCloptonBridge,oneoftheoldestbridges

inthecountry.After500years,thebridgesti11bearstraffic,whichspeaksofthe

greatskilloftheoriginalbuilders.Today,westillhaveaflourishingmarket,

heldonFridaysandSaturdays.Thetownisalsohosttomanyotherartmarkets

throughouttheyear.

TheRoyalShakespeareCompany,oneofthemostfamousactingcompaniesinthe

world,islocatedhere.ThetheaterprovidesperformancesofShakespeare'splays.It

alsohasmanyperformingworksfromacrossthecenturiesandmanycontemporarypieces

aswell.Ifyouarelucky,youwillseemanyafamousfacewanderingthroughthetown

orenjoyingadrinkafterplaysinoneofourmanybars.

YoumayenjoyaboattripontheriveroravisittotheButterflyFarm,one

ofthelargestofitskindinEurope,whichhascollectionsofmanyextraordinary

insects.AnenjoyabletimemaybehadintheBrassRubbingCenter（黄铜拓印技艺中

心）,whichpromisesthatgreatskillsarenotrequiredtoproduceanunusualsouvenir

ofyourvisit.Thecenterofthetownhasmanysmallshopsandgalleries.Wehopeyou

enjoyyourvisittoourmuch-lovedtownandthatyouwillcomebackagain.

44.WhatcanbeinferredaboutStratford-upon-Avon?

A.IthasservedasanartmarketsinceShakespeare*sday.

B.ItsmarketisclosedonSaturdaymornings.

C.Itsstreetshaveremainednearlythesameoverthecenturies.

D.ItgaineditslegalstatusasatowninShakespeare'sday.

45.Whichplaceshouldyouvisitifyouwanttoobservewonderfulinsects?

A.BrassRubbingCenter.B.RoyalShakespeareCompany.

C.ButterflyFarm.D.CloptonBridge.

46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

A.Toinformvisitorsoftheplacestobuysouvenirs.

B.ToassociateStratford-upon-AvonwithShakespeare.

C.ToattractvisitorstotravelinStratford-upon—Avon.

D.TointroducethehistoryofStratford-upon-Avon.

47.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Anovel.B.Atouristguide.

C.Aproductcatalog.D.Abiography.

PassageFour

Myboyfriendreallyenjoyedcanoeing（戈ll独木舟），andittookmeawhiletofinally

persuadehimtotakemeonacanoetrip.Despitehisgreatskill,hewasnervousabout

mysafetyanddescribedmanyterriblesituationsthatcouldhappen."Theycouldalso

nothappen,“Isaid.IwantedtoprovethatIwastoughandcapableofadventuring.

Thiswouldbearomanticadventure.Wewouldrowthecanoeonthelakeundera

beautifulbluesky.Iwasconfidentitwouldallgoaccordingtoplan.

Itdidnotgoasplanned.Instead,itallwintdownhill.Wehitaheadwind（逆

风）.Thefliesweretheworst.Anunknownanimaloutsideourtentinthenightforced

ustogetuptwicetoscareitaway.Wewalkedthroughknee-deepmud;wemovedaround

somanyfallentreesthatwelostthewayfrequently.Wehadanunexpected

thunderstormonoursecondnight.Wehidinourtentfromthebugs（虫子）,tootired

andbittentoevenholdeachother.Whenwewerefinallybackinthecar,myskin

washotandangrywithbugbites,Ihadbarelysleptin72hoursandIhadaninjury

onmyforeheadfromhittingitonthecanoe.

YetIrealizedthatIwantedtodoitallagain.BecauseIswaminalakesowarm

itfeltlikeasummerpool.Iatelunchonanislandwiththemostbeautifulpine

trees.Vdalsoneverbeforeappreciatedhowthundercanmakethegroundtremble.I

knowwhymyboyfriendlovescanoeingsomuch.It,sforthechallenge,thespace,

andthebeautyofmovingforwardwithyourowntwohandsinaplaceofnatural

wonder.Hedidn'tsay"Iloveyou.”HesaidIwasagoodpartner.I'vefoundsomething

thatIreallyliketodo.That'sthemoreimportantthing.

48.Whydidthewriterwanttohaveacanoetripwithherboyfriend?

A.Towaitforaproposalofmarriage.B.Toproveshewastougherthanher

boyfriend.

C.Toshowshehadbasiclifeskills.D.Toproveherabilitytomeet

challenges.

49.Whatdoesthesentence“itallwentdownhill“inParagraph3mean?

A.Werolleddownthehillinthewind.B.Ourcanoewasturnedupsidedown.

C.Thingsbecameworsethanexpected.D.Thingswerebroughtundercontrol.

50.Whichofthefollowinghappenedduringtheircanoetrip?

A.Theybecameangrywitheachother.

B.Theywerewoundedbyawildanimal.

C.Theyheldeachothertokeepwarminthetent.

D.Theyoftenlosttheirwayintheforest.

51.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AnExcitingForestAdventureB.AnExtraordinaryCanoeTrip

C.Canoeing一AnOutdoorSportD.APlaceofNaturalWonder

PassageFive

Healthcareexpertshavelongdrawnattentiontotheproblemsofeatingtoomuch

salt.Thereisstrongevidencethatadiethighinsaltcanleadtoraisedblood

pressure.Sincehighbloodpressureisamajorfactorinheartdisease,itmakessense

tocutdownonthesaltpeopleeat.

Inthepast,foodcontainedverylittlesalt,andpeopleaddedittotheirfood

atthetable.Veryfewpeopleaddsaltthiswaynowadays.However,thesaltcontent

ofprocessedfoodshasgoneupdramatically.ItJsnowestimatedthatoverthree-

quartersofthesaltintheaveragedietcomesfromprocessedfoods,eatenwithout

ourbeingawareofit.

Saltisaddedtofoodpartlytoextendshelf-life,butmoreoftenit'sdropped

intomakeupfortheflavorlostinthemanufacturingprocess.Thisisespecially

trueofreadymealsandhighlyprocessedfoods,butit，salsotrueofsuchbasic

foodasbiscuits,soups,andevenbread.Muchmass-producedbread,forinstance,

containssomuchsalt-halfagramforeveryhundredgramsofbread-thatit's

officiallyclassifiedbytheUKgovernmentashigh一saltfood.Salthastobeadded

tothebreadbecausefastproductioncutsdownthetimefortheflavorto

develop.Withoutaddedsalt,thebreadwouldtastelikepaper.

IntheUK,thegovernmenthaslaunchedacampaigntocutdownonthesaltpeople

eat.TheUKFoodStandardsAgencyarguesthatnearlyhalfoftheUK'spopulationeat

toomuchsalt-9.5gadayonaverage.Itsaimistobringdowntheaverageto6ga

day.Theideaistocutthesaltcontentin85keyfoodcategoriessuchasbread,

meat,andcakes.

52.Whatisthemainreasonforreducingsaltinfood?

A.Toimprovetheflavoroffood.B.Todecreasethetimeforprocessingfood.

C.Toextendtheshelf-lifeoffood.D.Toprotectpeopleagainstheart

diseases.

53.Whatcanbeinferredaboutpeople*suseofsaltinthepast?

A.Peopleusedsalttocontrolbloodpressure.

B.Peopleatemuchsaltintheiraveragediet.

C.Peoplewereclearabouttheharmfuleffectofsalt.

D.Peopledidn'teatsomuchsaltaswedotoday.

54.Whichofthefollowingisclassifiedashigh-saltfoodbytheUKgovernment?

A.Mass-producedbread.B.Light-cookedmeat.

C.Sweetbiscuits.D.Freshvegetables.

55.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Saltandfoodflavor.B.Saltandpeople'slifestyle.

C.Saltandfoodprocessing.D.Saltandpeople'shealth.

V.DailyConversation(15points)

Directions:Pickoutappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoicesbelowand

completethefollowingdialoguebyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswer

Sheet.

A.IamfreeonSunday.B.Seeyouthen!

C.Whereareyouplanningtogo?D.No,thanks.

E.Ineedabreak!F.Wouldyouliketojoinus?

G.Thatisalovelyplace.H.Whenshallweleave?

Daniel:Howareyoudoing,Linda?

Linda:Tobehonest,Iamreallytiredofmyworkatthemoment.56

Daniel:MyfriendsandIareplanningatriponSunday.57

Linda:Sure,I'dloveto.58

Daniel:TheGoldenBeach.Wewillhaveapicnicthere.Itwillbefun!

Linda:Ican'twait!59

Daniel:Eighto'clockinthemorning.We*11pickyouupatyourplace.

Linda:Great!60

第II卷(非选择题，共25分)

VI.Writing(25points)

Directions：Forthispart,youaresupposedtowriteane-mailinabout100

—120wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation.Remembertowriteitclearly.

61.学校将组织一次英语演讲比赛，打算邀请外教(John)来做评委。请你(LiYuan)给

他写一封e-mail,内容包括：

•邀请他担任评委(judge)；

•告知他比赛安排(如：时间、地点等)；

•希望他赛后进行点评；

•期待他能接受邀请。

参考答案及解析

I.Phonetics

1.【答案】A

2.【答案】C

3.【答案】D

4.【答案】B

5.【答案】A

II.VocabularyandStructure

6.【答案】A

【考情点拨】考查形容词辨析。

【应试指导】句意：一一你觉得这部电影无聊吗？------点也不。这部电影非常棒。

terrific意为“极好的"，bitter去为“令人悲痛的"，horrible意为“可怕的，讨厌的”,

miserable意为"痛善的"，故选A。

7.【答案】B

【考情点拨】考查bythetime的用法。

【应试指导】句意：等到卡尔退休的时候，他已经在这所大学当了15年校长了。bythe

time引导状语从句时，从句如果用一般现在时表示将来的动作，主句用将来完成时，故选B。

8.【答案】B

【考情点拨】考查have的使役用法。

【应试指导】句意：厨房里的水管坏了，我们应该尽快把它修好。havesth.done为固

定用法，have在这个搭配里是使役动词，意为“使某事被做”，强调某物被动地接受动作，

并且可以不标明动作的实施者，只强调接受动作的一方，故选B。

9.【答案】D

【考情点拨】考查固定短语。

【应试指导】句意：每次我见到她，她都会对我和我的家人表示关心。showconcernfor

sb.意为“对某人表示关心”，故选D。

10.【答案】A

【考情点拨】考查虚拟语气。

【应试指导】句意：玛丽要求他把一个月前从她那里借的书还给她。demand后接宾语

从句时，从句谓语一般要用虚拟语气，即“demand(that)sb.(should)dosth.”,故选A。

11.【答案】A

【考情点拨】考查连词。

【应试指导】句意：我们必须接受农村缺乏合格的教师这一事实。分析句子可知，空格

处需要填一个连词引导同位语从句，且只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分，故选A。

12.【答案】A

【考情点拨】考查固定短语。

【应试指导】句意：这个城市有足够多的夜校。不管年龄多大，成年人都可以接受教育。

nomatterhow意为"无论怎样"，nomatterwhat意为"无论什么"，nomatterwhen

意为"无论何时"，nomatterwhere意为"无论何地"，故选A。

13.【答案】C

【考情点拨】考查连词。

【应试指导】句意：那些愿意帮助别人的人更可能受到人们的欢迎。分析句子可知，空

格处需要填一个连词引导定语从句。先行词是those,定语从句中缺少主语，且主语为人，

故选Co

14.【答案】D

【考情点拨】考查固定短语。

【应试指导】句意：许多年轻人不再买报纸了，因为他们现在都在网上看新闻。stopto

dosth.意为“停下来去做另外一件事"，stopdoingsth.意为“停止做某事"，故选D。

15.【答案】C

【考情点拨】考查连词。

【应试指导】句意：苏西的经历很不寻常，因为她在短短一个月内游历了20个国家。

sothat意为"所以"，exceptthat意为"除...之外"，inthat意为"因为"，such

that意为“如此……以至于",故选C。

16.【答案】D

【考情点拨】考查非谓语动词.

【应试指导】句意：该公司有80名员工，不包括15名外国专家。分析句子可知，空格

处需要填一个动词的现在分词形式，且为一般现在时。counting意为“包括，把……算入”，

相当于including,故选D。

17.【答案】A

【考情点拨】考查副词辨析。

【应试指导】句意：除了孩子们睡觉后的时间，这位年轻的母亲几乎没有机会学习。

hardly意为“几乎不"，almost意为"几乎"，only意仅仅”,nearly意为“差不多”，

故选Ao

18.【答案】A

【考情点拨】考查非谓语动词.

【应试指导】句意：知道考试结果后，她失望地站在教室门口。分析句子可知，空格处

需要填一个非谓语动词，know的逻辑主语是she,两者之间是主动关系，因此应用动词的

现在分词形式。动词不定式表示将来，过去分词形式表示被动，均不符合题意，故选A。

19.【答案】D

【考情点拨】考查名词辨析。

【应试指导】句意：天然气可以作为煤和石油的替代品，因为它更环保。option意为

“选择”,extra意为“额外的事物"，addition意为“增加物”，alternative意为“替

代物”，故选D。

20.【答案】B

【考情点拨】考查动词辨析。

【应试指导】句意：图书管理员仔细检查了一下，发现书架上少了几本书。leaking意

为“泄露"，missing意为“失踪，不在",losing意为“损失”，dropping意为“掉落”,

故选Bo

IH.Cloze

21.【答案】D

【考情点拨】副词辨析题。

【应致指导】本句句意：然而，在成年后的某个时期，开始缓慢衰退。moreover意为

“而且"，besides意为"此外”,therefore意；因此”,however意为"然而"。根据

句意，故选D。

22.【答案】B

【考情点拨】动词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意：他们的头发经常变白，皮肤出现皱纹，肌肉开始萎缩。falls

意为“降落"，turns意为“转变”，stays意为“保持"，seems意为“似乎”。根据句

意，故选B。

23.【答案】C

【考情点拨】动词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意：他们的头发经常变白，皮肤出现皱纹，肌肉开始萎缩。grow

意为“生长”,develop意为“发展”,shrink意为“收缩”，fade意为“褪色”。根据

句意，故选C。

24.【答案】A

【考情点拨】动词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意:他们的短期记忆可能会受到影响，也经常丧失部分视力或听力。

lose意为“丧失，失去"，harm意为“伤害”，protect意为“保护”,improve意为“提

高”。根据句意，故选A。

25.【答案】B

【考情点拨】副词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意：科学家们还不太确定是什么导致了衰老。simply意为“简单

地”，exactly意为“确切地，正确A”,purely意为“纯粹地”,strictly意为“严格地”。

根据句意,故B。

26.【答案】D

【考情点拨】名词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意：身体可能有一个时间限制，这个时间限制将决定细胞能保持健

康多久。label意为“标签”Jack意为"缺乏"Jink意为“联系”，limit意为“限制”。

根据句意，故选D。

27.【答案】A

【考情点拨】形容词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意：身体可能有一个时间限制，这个时间限制将决定细胞能保持健

康多久。healthy意为"健康的"，bright意为"明亮的”,stable意为"稳定的",secure

意为“安全的”。根据句意，故选A。

28.【答案】D

【考情点拨】介词辨析题。

【应试指导】本句句意：根据动物的种类和生存环境的不同，动物的衰老速度和寿命也

不同。livewith意为