阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测课件

阅读理解技巧之猜测词意Ifyoucomeacrossthenewwordsorphraseswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?Whatdifficultydoyouhaveinreading?1.Ignore(忽略）

themandcontinuereading2.Lookthemupinthedictionary3.Guess

themeaning

Howtoguessthemeaningsofwordsorphrasesinreadingcomprehension

？Ways

toGuesstheWords一.Definition(定义法)二.Context（上下文）三.Word-formation（构词法）四.Examples（例子）五.Commonsense（常识）一、Definition定义法：

一般通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组来确定词义或利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas，is;was;thatis;that’stosay;namely;等等，

从后面的解释中，我们可以了解到brittle是“易碎的，脆的”的意思Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,

itwillbreakeasily.SampleITheherdsman,

wholooksaftersheep,

earnsabout650yuanayear.

定语从句中looksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。SampleII二.Context对比关系Contrast

同义、近义、反义关系synonym,similarity,antonym因果关系Causeandeffect

能体现对比关系的词汇很多，主要有but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrastwith等。标点符号分号有时也可表示对比。

1.对比关系2.

Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isveryabstemious.goon1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.肮脏的,邋遢的有节制的,节约的SampleI2.同义、近义、反义关系

同义词替换的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or,like,similar等。

反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义。信号词中有instead,but,not等

goon2：Americanbusinessmenexpectemployeestobepunctual.Theydonotexpectthattheworkerswillcomelate.文中bepunctual的意思，可理解为“notcomelate”，即“准时，不迟到”。1.MrSmithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.显然，similarly是个语境线索，它暗示loquacious意为lovetotalk。SampleII3.因果关系信号词：如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult,so…that,such…that，therefore等表示前因后果e.g.Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisvery

elastic.e.g.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.弹性的SampleIII徒劳的

Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditional

love,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmental

listenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:无条件的,绝对的adj.conditionconditional

情况，条件n.

有条件的adj.unconditional:prefix(前缀）

baseword

(词根）suffix（后缀）nonjudgmental:没有判断力的judge

judgment

judgmental判断v.判断n.adj.nonjudgmental:中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:super-(超)mini-（极小的，微小的）micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）--wards(向)三.Word-formation根据构词法：派生（前缀、后缀）、合成等superman(超人)

nonnatural(非自然的)homeless(无家可归的)rebuild(重建)microwave(微波)

informal(非正式的)mispronounce(发错音)nonsmoker(非烟民)eastwards(向东)Canyouguessthefollowingwords?

1.

Wemustsafeguardtheworldpeace.AprotectBcareCpreventDtokeepsafewithguns2.Don’tlistentohisnonsense.AhavingnomeaningBmeaninglesswordsChumorousspeech DnotmakingsenseAB维护,保护,捍卫胡说,废话合成词四、Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washing-machine,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.家用电器e.g.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽SampleI

2:Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcha

ripplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.五.Commonsense波纹，细浪1.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.嫁妆PracticemakesperfectPractice练习

Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A雪山B树枝C冰河D冰2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.AweakBfirmCkindDclever3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A租用B借出C购买D参观

CBA4.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic5.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.AtownBcapitalCcountrysideDhouse6.Beforeababylearnstowalk,ithastocrawlonthefloor．A．walkontwofeetB．FlyC．sitinachairD．moveonthehandsandkneesBCDQuestionForm1.Theword“…”refersto/means/couldbestbereplacedby_________.2.Theunderlinedword/sentencemeans_________.3.Findinthepassageawordclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“…”.2.Instantly，wewerebusilypreparingfortheworst.Thewholefamilyhadexperiencedsuchastormbeforeandeveryonerememberedthedamageithadcausedtostockandcrops．Therewasverylittlewecoulddoaboutthecorps.Butweneededtoprotecttheanimalsincasetheriverfloodedagain．Myolderbrothercalledhissheep-dogandbegandrivingoursmallflockofsheeptohighergroundaboveriver．Iftheriverflooded，theyshouldbesafethere．58．Theunderlinedword"stock"inthethirdparagraphrefersto_________.A.moneyownedbythefamilyB．goodsforsaleC.suppliesforfamilyuseD．farmanimals(06江西卷)

DInrecentyears,IPrightshavebeenthefocusofagreatdealofdiscussionbecauseofatechnologywhichlookssettoweakenthemaltogether;theInternet.Manyyearsago,ifyouwantedarecordingofasong,youwouldhavetopurchaseitfromamusicstore;ifanovel,formabookstore.Intho