2020年考研英语二真题

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.But

definingwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery1,particularly

sincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,

rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,2,

ayoungersibling.

3,there'sanothersortofparentthat9sabiteasierto4:apatientparent.

Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,5everyparentwouldliketo

bepatient,thisisnoeasy6.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandare

unabletomaintaina7andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.

You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan8youjustalittletoofar.

Andthenthe9happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkids

orsaysomethingthatwasabittoo10anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthat

youcould11theclockandstartover,We'veallbeenthere.

12,eventhoughit'scommon,ifsimportanttokeepinmindthatinasingle

momentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay13fbr

alongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbut

also14yourchild'sselfesteem.

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour15withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertently

modelingalackofemotionalcontrolfbryourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasingly

awareofthe16ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.

Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionally

regulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen17bystressisoneofthemost

importantofalllife'sskills.

Certainly,it'sincredibly18tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyour

children.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerant

andcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith19situationsinvolvingyour

children.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youand

yourchildrenwillbenefitand20fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysically

andemotionally.

1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky

2.[A]inaddition[B]forexample[C]atonce[D]byaccident

3.[A]Fortunately[B]Occasionally[C]Accordingly[D]Eventually

4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train

5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once

6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access

7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical

8.[A]move|BJdrag[C]push[D]send

9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable

10.[A]boring|B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague

11.[A]turnback[B]take叩art[C]setaside[D]coverup

12.[A]Overall[B]Instead[C]However[D]Otherwise

13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret

14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect

15.[A]time|B]bond[C]race[D]cool

16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context

17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted

18.|AJterrible|B]hard[C|strange[D]wrong

19.[A]trying|B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising

20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdrawfD]escape

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directios:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,

CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

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Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromothersso

theycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthis

extendstonon-livingbeings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,

andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat—onesocialandone

asocial一forfourdays.Therobotratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkier

versionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolourfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,

playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.

Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratsthe

opportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingrats

were52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocial

one.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing,

saysQuinn.Theratsmayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseit

displayedbehaviorslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotherats

betterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavour

whentheygettrapped,shesays.

“Ratshavebeenshowntoengageinmultipleformsofreciprocalhelpand

cooperation,includingwhatisreferredtoasdirectreciprocitywherearatwillhelp

anotherratthathaspreviouslyhelpedthem,“saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenits

minimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimple

plasticboxonwheels.46We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,

facialfeatures,andputascentonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn't

necessary,saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,who

helpedwiththeresearch.

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycome

frombasicrobots,saysWiles.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyare

fellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."Wehumansseem

tobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,“saysWiles.

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21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan

[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

fD]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellows

22.Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.

[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.

[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.

[D]Itmovedaroundalone.

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey

[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape.

[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn.

[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence.

[D]consideredthataninterestinggame.

24.JanetWilesnotesthatrats.

[A]canrememberotherrats'facialfeatures.

[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes.

[C]respondmoretoactionsthantolooks.

[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels.

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.

[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings

|B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing

[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

4

Text2

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup一toponesmaymake300timesthepayof

typicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayfbrlargepublicly

tradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.The

typicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEO

talentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.

TheeffortsofAmerica9shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamic

elementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay.butonereasontheirpayhas

goneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyother

workersintheU.S.economy.

Today9sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskills

thansimplybeingableto“runthecompany.^^CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseof

financialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalso

needbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminor

slipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere9sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesare

muchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalarger

numberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairly

mind-boggling.Plus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtech

companies,onewayoranother.Beyondthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodoallthe

day-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.

ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn't

explainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernancehasbecomealot

tighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.Yetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodof

strongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthe

broadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesfbrincreasinglytoughjobs.

Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothe

cozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationat

theexpenseoftherestofthecompany.Andthestockmarketreactspositivelywhen

companiestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildup

corporatevaluenotjustfbrtheCEO.

5

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations.

[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy.

[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms.

[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies.

27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today9sCEOsarerequiredto

[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork

[B|financemoreresearchanddevelopment

[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies

[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies

28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite.

[A]continualinternalopposition

[B]strictcorporategovernance

[C]conservativebusinessstrategies

[D]repeatedgovernmentwarnings

29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps

[A]confirmthestatusofCEOs

[B|motiveinsidecandidates

[C]boosttheefficiencyofCEOs

[D]increasecorporatevalue

30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

[A]CEOsAreNotOverpaid

[B]CEOPay:PastandPresent

[C]CEOs'ChallengesofToday

[D]CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine

6

Text3

MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledout

ambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectionday

later,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,a

firststeptowarditspossibledemise.

MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepieceof

hiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnow

overruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwith

legalbattlesahead,thezone9sfuturelooksuncertainatbest.

Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackle

dirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.That's

becausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers一who

mustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhose

cheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.

It'snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenew

ultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoral

election.AndifSadiqkhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroads

in2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumber

ofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.

It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon'sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Local

officialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents9health

inthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,

andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits-fewerheartattacks,strokes

andprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.

Butmayorsandcouncilorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfar

biggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments-

Britain'sandothersacrossEurope一havefailedtodoso.

Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas—citycentres,

“schoolstreets”,evenindividualroads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalarger

efforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniestobring

theirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimits

tominimisepollution.We'redoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanup

theircars.

7

31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?

[A]Itseffectsarequestionable.

[B]Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge.

[C]Itneedstougherenforcement.

[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided.

32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?

[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.

[B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.

[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.

[D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.

33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlezwill.

[A]arousestrongresistance

[B]ensureKhan'selectoralsuccess

[C]improvethecity'straffic

[D]discouragecarmanufacturing

34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?

[A]Localresidents.

[B]Mayors.

[C]Councilors.

[D]Nationalgovernments.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.

[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction

[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations

[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles

[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision

8

Text4

NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring一themost

commonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995,giveortake

ayear-theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohit

thestreetslookingforworkinalabormarketthat9stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.

Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobs

intheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNational

AssociationofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeople

whowillsooninhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocame

beforethem.

If“entitled“isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedto

millennials(thosebornbetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsfbrGeneration

Zarepracticalandcautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertswho

studythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despite

graduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhatan

economictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthecrash

of2008,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.

Theyaren'tinterestedintakinganychances.Theboomingeconomyseemsto

havedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseofanxiousurgency,

especiallyfbrthosewhohavecollegedebt.CollegeloanbalancesintheU.S.

nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederalReserve.

OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyear

chosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgia

students,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafuture

employerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessional

developmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywas

thesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followed

byasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatergood.

That'sabigchangefromthepreviousgeneration."Millennialswantedmore

flexibilityintheirlives/9notesTanyaMichelsen,AssociateDirectorofYouthSight,a

UK-basedbrandmanagerthatconductsregular60-daysurveysofBritishyouth,in

findingsthatmightjustaswellapplytoAmericanyouth."GenerationZsarelooking

fbrmorecertaintyandstability,becauseoftheriseofthegigeconomy.Theyhave

troublesseeingafinancialfutureandtheyarequiteriskaverse.”

9

36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring.

[A]arerecognizedfortheirabilities

|B]areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket

[C]areinfavorofofficejoboffers

[D]aredrawinggrowingpublicattention

37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware.

[A]whattheirparentsexpectofthem

|B|howvaluableacounselor'sadviceis

[C]whatatougheconomicsituationislike

|D]howtheydifferfrompastgenerations

38.Theword"assuage”(line9,para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]deepen

|B]define

[C]maintain

|D]relieve

39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs.

[A]givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraining

[B]haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob

[C]carelittleabouttheirjobperformance

[D]thinkithardtoachievework-lifebalance

40.Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare

[A]lessrealistic

[B]lessadventurous

[C]morediligent

[D]moregenerous

io

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gfbreachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextra

subheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

[A]Givecompliments,justnottoomany

[B]Putonagoodface,always

[C]Tailoryourinteractions

[D]Spendtimewitheveryone

[E]Reveal,don'thide,information

[F]Slowdownandlisten

[G]Putyourselvesinothers9shoes

FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOffice

Isitpossibletolikeeveryoneinyouroffice?Thinkabouthowtoughitistoget

together15people,muchless50,whoallgetalongperfectly.Butunlikein

friendships,youneedcoworkers.Youworkwiththemeveryday,andyoudependon

themjustastheydependonyou.Herearesomewaysthatyoucangetthewhole

officeonyourside.

41._____________________________

Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytrytostay

tight-lippedaroundthem.Butyouwon'tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvard

BusinessSchoolstudyfoundthatobserversconsistentlyratedthosewhowereupfront

aboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethosewhohidlosttrustworthiness.Thelessonis

notthatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifeanopenbook,butrather,whengiventhe

optiontoofferupdetailsaboutyourselforstudiouslystashthemaway,youshould

justbehonest.

42._____________________________

Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothers.We

oftenfeeltheneedtotellothershowwefeel,whetherifsaconcernaboutaproject,a

II

straythought,oracompliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedtotaketimetohear

outyourcoworkers,too.Infact,rushingtogetyourownideasouttherecancause

colleaguestofeelyoudon'tvaluetheiropinions.Doyourbesttoengagecoworkersin

agenuine,back-and-forthconversation,ratherthanprioritizingyourownthoughts.

43.__________________________________

It*scommontohavea“cubiclemate“orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.But

inadditiontothosetrustedcoworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfindout

aboutallthepeoplearoundyou.Useyourlunchandcoffeebreakstomeetupwith

colleaguesyoudon'talwayssee.Findoutabouttheirlivesandinterestsbeyondthe

job.Itrequiresminimaleffortandgoesalongway.Thiswillhelptogrowyour

internalnetwork,inadditiontobeinganicebreakintheworkday.

44.

Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyoudon'thavetobe

someone'sbosstotellthemtheydidanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.This

willhelpengendergoodwillinothers.Butdon'toverdoitorbefakeaboutit.One

studyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbesttocommentsthatshiftedfromnegativeto

positive,possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwonsomebodyover.

45.

Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwayto

achievingresults.Rememberindealingwithanycoworkerwhattheyappreciatefroman

interaction.Watchoutforhowtheyverbalizewithothers.Somepeoplelikesmall

talkinameetingbeforediggingintoimportantmatters,whileothersaremore

straightforward.Jokesthatworkononepersonwon'tnecessarilylandwithanother.

So,adaptyourstyleaccordinglytotype.Considerthepersonthatyou'redealingwith

inadvanceandwhatwillgetyoutoyourdesiredoutcome.

12

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWER

SHEET.(15points)

Ifsalmostimpossibletogothroughlifewithoutexperiencingsomekindof

failure.But,thewonderfulthingaboutfailureis