英语修辞手法figuresofspeech课件

Figuresofspeech1编辑课件FigurativeLanguagemetaphorAlliterationpersonificationsimileassonanceonomatopoeia2编辑课件WordsareeitherliteralorfigurativeLiteral

原意Wordsusedintheiroriginalmeaningsareusedliterally.Figurative

比喻义Wordsusedinextendedmeaningsforthepurposeofmakingcomparisonsorcallinguppicturesinthereader’sorlistener’smindareusedfiguratively.3编辑课件colourfulIn“acolourfulgarden”thewordcolourfulisusedinitsliteralsensetodescribethemanydifferentcoloursoftheflowersin“acolourfullife”or“acolourfulcareer”thewordisusedinitsfigurativesensebecauseneitherlifeorcareerhasanycolour.4编辑课件ThemostcommonfiguresofspeechSimile直喻Metaphor

暗喻5编辑课件What’sthedifference?Literal“Heranquicklydownthestreet.”Simile“Heranlikeaharedownthestreet.”Metaphor“Hehared（如野兔般疾走奔跑）downthestreet.”6编辑课件simileSimileisafigureofspeechinwhichtwoquitedifferentthingsarecomparedastheyseemsimilarinaway.Thiskindofcomparisonisnormallyintroducedby“like”or“as”.7编辑课件Simile:awayofdescribingsomethingbycomparingitwithsomethingelseusing"like"or"as"8编辑课件Iamhungryasahorse.

Yourunlikearabbit.

Heissneakyasasnake.Sheishappyasaclam.9编辑课件ExampleofsimileThemysteriousobject...hasafacethat'sasroundasthemoonhashandslikegoldenarrowsisastallasatowerblockhasavoicelikeagong（锣）andisasfamousasanypopstar.BigBen10编辑课件ExampleofsimileTimeflieslikeanarrowFruitflieslikeabanana（果蝇爱香蕉）11编辑课件metaphorAfigureofspeechwhichconsistsinsubstitutingforthenameofathingthenameofanattribute（

属性）ofitorofsomethingcloselyrelated.Animpliedcomparisonbetweentwoobjectsthataregenerallydifferentbutsharearecognizablesimilaritywithouttheuseof“like”or“as”.12编辑课件Metaphor:Awayofdescribingsomethingbycomparingittosomethingelse13编辑课件Thegirlwasafishinthewater.Theclownwasafeatherfloatingaway.14编辑课件Plato“…thegreatestthingbyfaristobeamasterofmetaphor.Itistheonethingthatcannotbelearntfromothers,anditisalsoasignofgenius,sinceagoodmetaphorimpliesanintuitiveperception（直觉）

ofthesimilarityindissimilars.”15编辑课件ExampleofmetaphorLifeisayo-yo（哟哟球）.It'saseriesofupsanddowns.16编辑课件MixedmetaphorsOnedangerinusingmetaphorsisthepossibilityofbeginningwithonecomparisonandendingwithanotherThisiscalledamixedmetaphor（混合隐喻；多重隐喻）17编辑课件Exampleofmixedmetaphors“Wemustsolvetherootproblem,orthelinewillbedrawninthesand,andwe’llbebackinthesoupagain.”RootcomparestheproblemtoaplantLinedrawninthesandmeansanuncrossableboundarySoupisafoodandmeansbeinginamess18编辑课件MixedmetaphorsShakespeareHamletproposes“totakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles”（是起而反抗这数不清的忧伤）TheTallGuy(1989film)“She‘slikeahungryleopard(豹)infullbloom."19编辑课件ExtendedmetaphorJFKennedy“Theenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichwebringtothisendeavour（努力，尝试）willlightourcountryandallwhoserveit,andtheglow（微弱稳定的光）fromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld."20编辑课件Personificationtocomparesomethingthatisnothumanasifithadhumancharacteristics21编辑课件

Theflowersdancedinthewind.TheEarthcoughedandchokedinallofthepollution.Thefriendlygateswelcomedus.22编辑课件Personification拟人Thisinvolvesturninganobject–eitherinanimate（无生命的）ornatural–intoahumanoranimalform,withhumanoranimalactionsandfeelings.23编辑课件ExampleofpersonificationMycarwhines（哀鸣；惨叫）inpainasitclimbsupsteep（陡峭的）

hills.Thetablegroaned（呻吟）

undertheweightofthefoodplacedonit.24编辑课件Metonymy借代Thesubstitutionofanounforanothercloselyassociatednoun.Thesubstitutednounderives（获得）

itsmeaninginthecontextitisusedbytheassociationproducedinthereadersmind.25编辑课件ExampleofmetonymyIncontemporaryEnglishwhenwespeakofastatementfromthe“WhiteHouse”weunderstandthatthisisnotatalkingbuilding,butanofficialcommunicationwiththeauthorityofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswholivesintheWhiteHouse.Thepenismightier（强而有力的）

thanthesword.26编辑课件Hyperbole夸张Hyperboleisafigureofspeechwhichcontainsadeliberateexaggeration（故意夸大）

–tocoin（创造（新词语））

aphrase,thisiswhenwriters‘gooverthetop’withtheiruseoflanguage,suggestingthatsomethingisthestrongest,thebest,thegreatest,whichofcoursedistorts（使变形；扭曲；使失真

）thetruth.27编辑课件ExampleofhyperboleI’msohungryIcouldeatahorseI'vetoldyouathousandtimes,stopexaggerating.I’venotseenyouforages.It’srainingdogsandcats.28编辑课件understatement含蓄陈述TheoppositeofhyperboleStatinganideainwordsthatarelessstrongthananticipated（预期的）.tomakesomethingappearsmallerorlessimportantthanitreallyis.29编辑课件ExampleofunderstatementItdoesseemtoberainingalittle.There’safewcarsouttoday,aren’tthere?30编辑课件euphemism委婉语WordsorphrasesthatsubstituteanagreeableorinoffensivetermforamoredirectonethatmightembarrassorsuggestsomethingunpleasantProfane(非宗教的;世俗的)wordsandexpressionsaregenerallytakenfromthreeareas:religion,toilets,andsex.31编辑课件religionGod–gosh/gollyJesus–jeezDevil–OldNick32编辑课件 Toiletsmen'sroom/women'sroom

thelittleboy'sroom/thelittlegirl'sroom

restroom

BathroomWashmyhandsthehead,(sailor'sterminology术语)latrine(commonmilitaryterm)33编辑课件sexSleepwithsomeoneShagBonkExchangingbodilyfluidsGettinglaid34编辑课件deathPassedawayPassedonDepartedKickedthebucketBoughtthefarmPushingupdaisiesSleepingwiththefishes(掉水里淹死)35编辑课件ironyStatingonethingwhilemeaningtheexactopposite.orthepersoncouldbetryingtoberude,eventhoughthewordsusedareseeminglypoliteetc.36编辑课件ExampleofironyYourfriendturnsupinripped（撕裂的）

jeans.Withasmirk（傻笑；假笑）,yousay,"Iseeyouhaveputonyourbestclothes!"37编辑课件sarcasmSarcasmisaformofironythatiswidelyusedinEnglishespeciallywhenpeoplearebeinghumorous.Generallythesarcasticspeakerorwritermeanstheexactoppositeofthewordtheyuse,oftenintendingtoberudeortolaughatthepersonthewordsareaddressed（针对）

to.38编辑课件ExampleofsarcasmIlovebeingmarried.It’ssogreattofindthatonespecialpersonyouwanttoannoyfortherestofyourlifeI'dinsultyou,butyou'renotbrightenoughtonotice.Notallmenareannoying.Somearedead.39编辑课件Synecdoche（提喻：是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。提喻又称举偶法。）Afigurebywhichamorecomprehensivetermisusedforalesscomprehensiveorviceversâ;aswholeforpartorpartforwhole,genus（类，种；属）forspeciesorspeciesforgenus,etc.40编辑课件ExampleofsynedocheAllhandsweresummonedtothequarter-deck(后甲板),"where"hands"isusedtodescribesailors.

41编辑课件Antithesis（对比）Adirectcontrastinwhichtwosetsoffiguresaresetinoppositiontooneanother.42编辑课件Exampleofantithesis“Andso,myfellowAmericans,asknot,whatyourcountrycandoforyou.Askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.”——JFKennedy'sInauguralAddressWinstonChurchill,inwhichhechallengestheLuftwaffe(theGermanairforce):“Youdoyourworst-andwewilldoourbest.”Toerrishuman,toforgivedivine（神圣的；非凡的）.43编辑课件Parallelism（排比）Parallelismreferstothefigureofspeechthatexpressesrelevantideasinthesameorsimilargrammaticalstructures.Ithelpsmakeasentencebrief,smoothandcoherent(连贯的)andgiveitrhythm,balanceandforce.44编辑课件ExampleofparallelismTohaveandtohold

fromthisdayforward,forbetterforworse,forricherforpoorer,

insicknessandinhealth,toloveandtocherish,

tilldeathusdopart.45编辑课件ExampleofparallelismTheboywassittingunderatree,singingasongandrepairinghisbicycle.Theboywassittingunderatree,singingasongandrepairinghisbicycle.46编辑课件Oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）AncientGreek:Oxus="sharp"Moros="dull""Oxymoron"=asharpdullnessorafoolishwise....aselfcontradictingphrase.47编辑课件oxymoronArhetoricalfigurebywhichcontradictoryorincongruous(不一致的)termsareconjoined(结合；连结)soastogivepointtothestatementorexpression;anexpression,initssuperficialorliteralmeaningself-contradictoryorabsurd,butinvolvingapoint.(Nowoftenloosely(宽松地)orerroneously(错误地；)usedasifmerely=acontradictioninterms,anincongruousconjunction.)48编辑课件ExampleofoxymoronPrettyuglyCivilwarMobilehomeDryiceWhitegoldOldnewsOriginalcopyVoicemailHalfnakedFinaldraftAlmostperfectOpensecretWorkingholidayMinorcrisisActnaturallyOnlychoice49编辑课件50编辑课件Pun(双关语；俏皮话)Aplayonwords"thehumoroususeofaword,orofwordswhichareformedorsoundedalikebuthavedifferentmeanings,insuchawayastoplayontwoormoreofthepossibleapplications;aplayonwords."51编辑课件ExampleofpunIdoitforthepunofit.Sevendayswithoutwatermakesoneweak.What’swrongwiththisfish?Longtimenosea.Whatdolawyersdowhentheydie?Liestill.Tryoursweetcorn.Youwillsmilefromeartoear(笑得合不拢嘴).52编辑课件ExampleofpunOldphotographersneverdie,theyjusthaveflashbacks.Thatnewmysterynovelhasakillerstarttoit.Iwonderedwhythebaseballwasgettingbigger.Thenithitme.Hewantedtoflyakite,butitwasoverhishead.Thehospitallabisrecruiting.They'relookingfornewblood.53编辑课件Cliché（陈词滥调，老生常谈）Aclichéisahackneyed（陈腐的；平庸的）phraseorexpression.Thephrasemayoncehavebeenfreshorstriking（显著突出的）,butithasbecometiredthroughover-use.54编辑课件ExampleofclichéNopain,nogainEverycoinhastwosidesLast,butnotleast,avoidcliché‘sliketheplague（瘟疫）.55编辑课件Paradox（自相矛盾，悖论）Paradoxisafigureofspeechinwhichastatementappearstobeself-contradictory,butcontainssomethingofatruth.Paradoxisusedforemphasisorstylisticeffect.56编辑课件ExampleofparadoxThechildisfathertotheman.Cowards（懦夫）

diemanytimesbeforetheirdeath.57编辑课件Zeno’sparadox(芝诺,希腊哲学家)TheTortoisechallengedAchillestoarace,claimingthathewouldwinaslongasAchillesgavehimasmallheadstart（先行一点点).Achilleslaughedatthis,forofcoursehewasamightywarriorandswiftoffoot,whereastheTortoisewasheavyandslow.

58编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“Howbigaheadstartdoyouneed?”heaskedtheTortoisewithasmile.“Tenmeters,”thelatterreplied.Achilleslaughedlouderthanever.“Youwillsurelylose,myfriend,inthatcase,”hetoldtheTortoise,“butletusrace,ifyouwishit.”

59编辑课件Zeno’sparadoxOnthecontrary,”saidtheTortoise,“Iwillwin,andIcanproveittoyoubyasimpleargument.”

60编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“Goonthen,”Achillesreplied,withlessconfidencethanhefeltbefore.Heknewhewasthesuperiorathlete,buthealsoknewtheTortoisehadthesharperwits（智慧),andhehadlostmanyabewildering(使人困惑的)argumentwithhimbeforethis.

61编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“Suppose,”begantheTortoise,“thatyougivemea10-meterheadstart.Wouldyousaythatyoucouldcoverthat10metersbetweenusveryquickly?”“Veryquickly,”Achillesaffirmed(断言；肯定）.“Andinthattime,howfarshouldIhavegone,doyouthink?”

62编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“Perhapsameter–nomore,”saidAchillesafteramoment'sthought.“Verywell,”repliedtheTortoise,“sonowthereisameterbetweenus.Andyouwouldcatchupthatdistanceveryquickly?”“Veryquicklyindeed!”

63编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“Andyet,inthattimeIshallhavegonealittlewayfarther,sothatnowyoumustcatchthatdistanceup,yes?”Ye-es,”saidAchillesslowly.“Andwhileyouaredoingso,Ishallhavegonealittlewayfarther,sothatyoumustthencatchupthenewdistance,”theTortoisecontinuedsmoothly.

64编辑课件Zeno’sparadoxAchillessaidnothing.“Andsoyousee,ineachmomentyoumustbecatchingupthedistancebetweenus,andyetI–atthesametime–willbeaddinganewdistance,howeversmall,foryoutocatchupagain.”“Indeed,itmustbeso,”saidAchilleswearily.

65编辑课件Zeno’sparadox“Andsoyoucannevercatchup,”theTortoiseconcludedsympathetically.“Youareright,asalways,”saidAchillessadly–andconceded（让步）

therace.

66编辑课件FiguresofspeechtodowithsoundSomefiguresofspeecharechosenbecauseofthesoundtheymake.Somepoetsorprosewritersoftenchooseawordtoechothemeaning67编辑课件Alliteration（押头韵）Alliterationistherepetitionofconsonantsounds（辅音字母）

68编辑课件ExampleofalliterationAlso,avoidawkwardoraffected（做作，不自然）

alliteration.69编