医学英语课件lesson

LessonFour

ReducingBlood

CholesterolLevelsInChildrenBeforereading1.backgroundinformation2.word-buildingexercises3.wordsandexpressions1.Backgroundinformation:cholesterolQuestion1

Whatischolesterol?

Question2

Howisitmade?Cholesterolisasoft,waxysubstancefoundinallpartsofthebody.Itismadebythebodyandalsoobtainedfromanimalproductsinthediet.Question3?Whatisthefunctionofcholesterol?

Cholesterolismanufacturedintheliverfornormalbodyfunctions,includingtheproductionofhormones,bileacid,andvitaminD.Itistransportedinthebloodtobeusedbyallpartsofthebody.

Question4Howischolesterolfound?

FoodSources

Infoods,cholesterolisfoundineggs,dairyproducts,meat,andpoultry.Eggyolksandorganmeats(liver,kidney,sweetbread,andbrain)arehighincholesterol.Fishgenerallycontainslesscholesterolthanothermeats,butsomeshellfishishighincholesterol.Foodsofplantorigin(vegetables,fruits,grains,cereals,nuts,andseeds)containnocholesterol.Fatcontentisnotagoodmeasureofcholesterolcontent.Forexample,liverandotherorganmeatsarelowinfat,butveryhighincholesterol.

Question5Whatisthesideeffects

ofcholesterol?Ingeneral,youhaveagreaterriskofdevelopingheartdiseaseoratherosclerosisasyourlevelofbloodcholesterolincreases.CoronaryheartdiseaseAtherosclerosisofthecoronaryvesselsisaprimarycauseofcoronaryheartdisease.Oneofitssymptomsisanginapectoris,whichismanifestedasafeelingofconstrictionaroundtheheartorpainradiatingtotheleftarmorshoulder,usuallybroughtonbyexertion.Oftenthereisanxiety,diaphoresis,anddyspnea.*Thiscoronaryarteryisingdangerouslyblockedasthecholesterolbuildsup.2.WordbuildingexerciseonPage233.Wordsandexpressionsinterventionn.干涉，介入；方法，措施Surgicalinterventionsisindicatedincasethehemorrhageisbeyondcontrol.万一出血无法控制就需要进行外科手术。Theextentofamalignantdiseaseshouldbeascertainedforeffectivetherapeuticintervention.为了采用有效的治疗方法，应查明恶性病的严重程度。saturatev.使饱和Therateofthereactionwillincreaseuntiltheavailableenzymeessaturatedwithsubstrate.反应速度会加快直到所有参与反应的酶都达到饱和状态。(un)saturateda.saturationn.饱和，饱和剂量beidenticalto/with:beexactlyaliketoe.g.Thetreatmentforthisdiseaseisidenticaltothatforgastriculcer.Theclottableandantigenicfibrinogenswerenearlyidentical.凝血性和抗原性纤维蛋白几乎相同。InteractwithNumerousdrugsexerttheireffectsorsideeffectsbyinteractingwithenzymes.Interactionwith相互作用，相互影响Theinteractionofadrugwithaspecificreceptorsiteischaracterizedbyatleastthreefactors.药物与特异性受体的相互作用至少有三个因素。VariabilityvariantvariationVariability变化性，变异性Variabilityofplasmamembranecompositionisacommonaspectofneoplasia.胞浆膜组成的变异性正是肿瘤的共同特点。Thevariabilitybothbetweenandwithinindividualsisveryobviouswhenoneexaminesthecourseofspirometrictests当检查肺量测定实验的过程时，就可以看到无论是个体之间还是个体本身变化都是十分明显的。.Variabilityvariantvariationvarianta.变异的，不同的n.变异体，变种，变型Leucocyteisavariantspellingofleukocyte.Classicallydefinedchildhoodmanicdepressionissimplyanearlyonsetvariantofthedisorder.按传统方法诊断的儿童期躁狂抑郁症只不过是此病的一个发病期早的变型。variationn.变化，变异Abasicfeatureofreproductionisthatitresultsinvariation.生殖的一个基本特征是能产生变异。Whilereading1.questionsandanswers2.languagepoints1.questionsandanswers

Textorganizationexercises1.Howmanysectionsofthetextmaybedividedinto?

2.Whatisthemainideaofeachpart?2.LanguagepointsPresent出版;提出；呈现

e.g.Mypaper“OnCollegeEnglishTeaching”waspresentedinalearnedEnglishjournal.e.g.A2-month-oldboypresentedwithjaundicesince1weekofage.一名两个月的男婴，出生后一周出现黄疸。

Decidingwhetherbreathlessnessoriginatesfromdiseaseofthelungsoroftheheartoftenpresentsaproblem.要判断呼吸短促来源于肺部疾病还是心脏疾病常常是个问题。presentwith出现…症状Inthepatientwhopresentswithanacutegenitalulceration,adarkfieldexaminationshouldbedoneifthisinvestigationisavailable.在出现急性生殖器溃疡症状的患者中，如可以作检查，则应作暗视野检查。Evaluate估价，评价

Thesepatientswereevaluatedwithcoronaryangiographybeforerenaltransplantation.这些人在肾脏移植前用血管造影作了检查。Therehavebeenonlylimitedclinicalmethodsofevaluatingestrogenproduction.评价雌激素产生的临床方法是很有限的。Twentypatientswithvariousformsofrenaldiseasewereevaluated.研究了患有肾病的20例病人。modifyv.改变，修改，缓和modificationn.Themodifiedprocedure（改良的方法）isnotsimplerthantheoriginalone.Thegeneralmanageschemeforprematureruptureofmembranesismodifieddependingonthegestationalageofthepatient.胎膜早破一般处理方案根据患者的孕龄而有所变化。Modificationofthestructureofacetylcholinealtersitspharmacologicpropertiesdramatically.乙酰胆碱结构的改变可使该药的药理学特征发生巨大变化。Asepsisisabsolute,thereisnocompromiseormodification.无菌是绝对的，不存在任何折衷或权宜之计。Afewmodificationtothisplanwouldgreatlyimproveit.givena.规定的,特定的Youhavetofinishtheworkwithinthegiventime.你们必须在规定时间内完成这项工作。

n.假定的事实;已知的事实(或情况)Itistakenasagiven.

这事被认为是已知事实。

prep.如果有;假如;考虑到[+(that)](takingintoaccount)Giventhesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.

如果照样再给他治疗一次,他肯定会痊愈。

dilutev.a.Theincreaseininterstitialfluiddilutestoxins.间质内液体增加可稀释毒素。Unduepressurethatmightcausetissuefluidstodilutethebloodshouldbeavoidedwhilecollectingthespecimen.采集血样时应尽量避免过度压挤造成组织液对血液的稀释。adilutesolutionrelateto:1)associate…withe.g.Itisdifficulttorelatetheseresultstoanyknowncauses.2)relatevi.(followedby“to”)involvee.g.Whetherornottheresultofthetestiscorrectwillrelatetotheeffectofthetreatmentoroperation.Positive确定的；积极的；阳性的Apositiveresult阳性结果

ofurinesugartestsuggeststhepresenceofdiabetes.Ofgreatinterestwasthepositivecorrelationwithage.非常有趣的是这确实与年龄有关。respondtoInsomecases,whenfeverdoesnotrespondtoaspirinorchemotherapy,indomethacinisveryeffective.当某些病例的发热用阿司匹林或化疗药无效时，消炎痛（吲哚美辛）却十分有效。Lesserdegreesofdistentionmayrespondtotheuseofalubricatedrectaltube.程度较轻的肠道胀气对使用涂有润滑剂的肛门管反应良好。Screenn屏，幕v.筛选，检查

Screeningn.普查；筛选

Theinterventionaloperationforthislivercancerpatientisshownonthescreen.这位肝癌病人的介入显示在屏幕上。Women50to59yearsofagewhotookpartinabreastcanerscreeningprogramhaveamortalityrate46%lessthanthosewhohadnotbeenscreened.50-59岁年龄组的妇女加入乳腺癌的普查计划，其乳腺癌的死亡率比那些不参加普查的妇女低46%。detectv.发现，检查，查出detectablea.可察觉的detectionn.探测，检测，发现detectorn.探测器 detectiven.侦探

Physicalexaminationrarelyestablishesthespecificdiagnosisbutmaybeusefulindetectingdiseaseinotherorgansystem.体检很少能确定特定的诊断，但有助于发现某些器官的疾病。…freeofclinicallydetectabledisease……没有临床上可检出的症状…Aclearadvantageofhome-testingisearlydetection.家庭检测的一个明显优势就是早期发现。detectv.发现，检查，查出detectablea.可察觉的detectionn.探测，检测，发现detectorn.探测器 detectiven.侦探

Youneedtounderstandthatthephysicianisamedicaldetective医学侦探.Smokedetectorsareunderused,beingfoundinonly80percentofhomes.烟雾探测器使用不足，只有80%家庭使用。Afterreading1.supplementarymaterial2.Dothetranslationexerciseonpage23.1.supplementarymaterial

mendations

Morethanhalfoftheadultpopulationhasbloodcholesterollevelshigherthanthe"desirable"range.Highcholesterollevelsoftenbegininchildhood.Somechildrenmaybeathigherriskduetoafamilyhistoryofhighcholesterol. Ingeneral,youwantyourtotalcholesteroltobelessthan200mg/dl(deciliter),becausethatlevelcarriestheleastriskofheartdisease.Whenthelevelisabove200mg/dl,theriskforheartdiseaseincreases. Youshouldalsoknowyourlevelsofhighdensitylipoprotein(HDL,alsoknownasthe"goodcholesterol")andlowdensitylipoprotein(LDL,or"badcholesterol").Talktoyourhealthcareprovideraboutwhatyourcholesterollevelsmean.Howtolowerhighcholesterollevels?

Limittotalfatintaketo25%to35%oftotaldailycalories.Lessthan7%ofdailycaloriesshouldbefromsaturatedfat,notmorethan10%shouldbefrompolyunsaturatedfat,andnotmorethan20%frommonounsaturatedfat.Eatlessthan200milligrams(mg)ofdietarycholesterolperday.Getmorefiberinyourdiet.Loseweight.Increasephysicalactivity. Themendationsforchildren'sdietsaresimilartothoseofadults.Itisveryimportantthatchildrengetenoughcaloriestosupporttheirgrowthandactivitylevel,andthatthechildachieveandmaintainadesirablebodyweightHowdoesyoubodygetcholesterol?

Yougetcholesterolintwoways.Yourbodymakessomeofit,andtherestcomesfromcholesterolinanimalproductsthatyoueat,suchasmeats,poultry,fish,eggs,butter,cheeseandwholemilk.Foodfromplants—likefruits,vegetablesandcereals—doesn'thavecholesterol.Somefoodsthatdon'tcontainanimalproductsmaycontaintrans-fats,whichcauseyourbodytomakemorecholesterol.Foodswithsaturatedfatsalsocausethebodytomakemorecholesterol. Cholesterolandotherfatscan'tdissolveintheblood.Theyhavetobetransportedtoandfromthecellsbyspecialcarrierscalledlipoproteins.

Therearetwokindsthatyouneedtoknowabout.Low-densitylipoprotein,orLDL,isknownasthe"bad"cholesterol.ToomuchLDLcholesterolcanclogyourarteries,

increasingyourriskofheartattackandstroke.High-densitylipoprotein,or