零基础英语班

零基础英语班零基础英语班讲义七年级（上）一、相关学问点1.also.either>too>aswell表示也区分also可以用在句中、句首，确定句否定句都可以either用在句末，用逗号隔开，只用在否定疑问句中too用在句末，用逗号隔开，只用在确定句中aswell常可以和too互换，只是用在句末不用逗号隔开2.Miss、Mrs、Ms、Mr区分Miss小姐常指未婚女土，还可用来表示对女老师的称呼Mrs夫人常指已婚女士Ms女士指不明婚姻状况，或者没有必要说明其婚姻状况Mr先生指全部的男士，可以用来表示对男老师的称呼留意：这四个词首字母都要大写，与姓氏名词连用不行以单独运用。3.same相同的与定冠词the连用，后接名称单数different不同的无定冠词，后接名称复数4.favoriteadj.最喜爱的无比较级和最高级5.widemouth大嘴；而bigmouth多嘴多舌6.both两者都all三者或三者以上都bothand二者都eitheror或者或者neithernor既不也不7.looklike看起来像lookthesame看起来一样8.帮助某人做某事Helpsb.（to）do/withsth.9.haveaseat二takeaseat=sitdown请坐10.forget/remember+todosth.忘了/记得要做某事（没做） doingsth.忘T/记得做过某事（做完了）11.ononeswayhome在某人回家的路上12.find找寻（的结果）lookfor找寻（的过程）13.thanksb.fordoingsth.感谢某人做某事14.Itstimetodosth.到了该做某事的时候了15.询问某人的职业Whatdo/doessb.do?Whatissb.?Whatisonesjob?16.lookafter=takecareof照看、照作表语时用宾格。如：Whosisknockingatthedoor?Itsme.4,人称彳弋词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：Heisolderthanme.HeisolderthanIam.单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus其次人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem（二）、物主代词的用法1.表示全部关系的代词叫物主代词。2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.Thisisherpencil-box.4.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.（作主语）IsthisEnglish-bookyours?（作表语） No.Mineisinmybag.I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?（作宾语）数人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称mymine其次人称youryourshishis第三人称herhersitsits复数第一人称ourours其次人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs用所给代词的适当形式填空1.Thisisnotmypencil-box.（I）isinthebag.2.Treesareplantedin（we）countryeveryyear,whichmakesourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.3.IsthatbikeMissGaos?Yes,itis（she）.Beautiful,isntit?4.Help(you)tosomefruit,Jack.5.Whotaughtyourbrothertosurf?Nobody.Helearntallby(he).6.TheirEnglishteacherisfromAmerica,but(we)isfromEngland.7.Marysanswerisdifferentfrom(I).8.Mywatchkeepsgoodtime.Whatabout(you)?Mine?Oh,twominutesslow.9.Samismybrother.Doyouliketoplaywith(he)?10.Didyouenjoy(you),MaryandKate?(三)反身代词的用法英语中用来表示自己，等意义的代词称为反身代词。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1.作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语。指同一个人或一些人。Hecalledhimselfawriter. WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?2.作表语。Itdoesntmatter.I11bemyselfsoon.Thegirlinthenewsismyself.3.作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。Imyselfwashedtheclothes=Iwashedtheclothesmyself.(作主语同位语）Youshouldaskthe语）主语同位语）Youshouldaskthe语）I myself我自己己he himself他自己己it itself它自己teacherhimself. (作宾语同位you yourself你自she herself她自we ourselves我们自己youyourselves你们自己theythemselves他们自己1.byoneself单独的；独自的2.enjoyoneself玩的开心3.helponeselfto自用 4.dressoneself自己穿衣服5.saytooneself自言自语6.teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学（四）指示代词的用法指示代词包括：this,that,these,those。1.this和these指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人， that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例：Thisisapenandthatisapencil.Wearebusythesedays.Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime.2.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物例：Ihadacold.That,swhyIdidn'tcome.WhatIwanttosayisthis;PronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.3.有时为了避开重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替例：TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.4.this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。例：Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?（五）疑问代词的用法 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特别疑问句中，一般在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?（作主语）Whatisthat?（作表语）Whoseumbrellaisthis?（作定语）Whomareyouwaitingfor?（作宾语）（六）不定代词的用法不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词有：some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。（七）相互代词的用法表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。在当代英语中，eachother和oneanother没有什么区分。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用全部格形式。Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.（宾语） Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?（宾语）Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.定语Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother?smistakesintheirhomework.（作定语）1Thesearebooks.Yoursareoverthere.AIBmyCmeDmine2isshe?Sheisateacher.AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere3iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped.ASomething,workingBSomething,toworkCAnything,workingDAnything,towork4Mary,helptothebananas,please.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves5doyougotoschooleveryday?Bybus.AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere6Myskirtispopularthan.Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers7CanyouspeakEnglish?Yes,butonly.AfewBafewClittleDalittle8Mr.Smithisanoldfriendof.AIBmeCmyDmine9doyouhearfromyourparents? Aboutonceamonth.AHowlongBHowmanyCHowoftenDHowmuch10MrGreenwouldn'tsayatthemeeting.AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething11Mum,Ann'scomingtonight.Let'sgivehertoeat.Goodidea!Aamonth.anythingniceBniceanythingCsomethingniceDnicesomething12Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?Idon'tmind.timeisOK.ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth13Thisisnotherkite,but.AhesBhimCheDhis14Don'tworry,Mum!newsisgoodnews.I'msuredaddywillcomebacksoon.ANoBManyCThoseDTwo三、数词（一）分类1.基数词：表示数目多少；序数词：表示先后依次。基数词变序数词：1）序数词第一、其次和第三为first,second和third,其他序数词的构成是在基数词后加th2）fifth（第五）、eigth（第八）、ninth（第九）和twelfth（第十二）3）二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时,要把y变成ie再加-th。例如：twentytwentiethfortyfortieth4）基数词几十几变成序数词时,表示几十的数词不变,只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。例如：twenty-onetwenty-firstforty-fiveforty-fifth5）第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后干脆加th构成。例如：第一百hundredth；第一千thousandth； 第一百万millionth第十亿billionth6）序数词的缩略是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最终两个字母构成例如：1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th看17.helponeselfto随意吃/喝18.eatout在外面吃；eatin在家吃；eatup吃光、吃完19.whatcanIdoforyou?=canIhelpyou?我能为你做些什么20.tryon试穿当宾语是名词放在中间和后面都可以，但假如是代词it、them确定要放在中间。Howdoyoulike?=Whatdoyouthinkof?你认为怎么样？22.怎么了?whatswrong?=whatsthematter?=whatsup?24.时间的表达法（顺读法和逆读法）练习题1.Ilikethepants.CanI?AtryitonBtrythemonCtryonitDtryonthemMyparentsofficeworkers.AareallBarebothCallareDbothare3.Itstimenow.Agotoschool BgohomeCtogotothehome Dtogotothezoo4.Herparentsareboth.AcookBcooksCcookerDcookers5.Helpyourselfsomefish.AtoBwithCinDon6.Theboyhisfather.AislookBlooksClookslikeDlooksthesame7.Dontforgetyourschoolbaghome.AtakeBtotakeCbringDtobring8.ThatboyisTom.aregoodfriends.AIandheBHeandmeCIandhimDHeandI9.TomandIbigeyesandwidemouths.AarebothBbothareChavebothDbothhave10.Whatwouldyoulike,teaororange?thanks,Iwantwater.AallBbothCneitherDeither二、重，点语法1.词类及基本句型名词：表示人、食物或抽象概念的名称 动词：表示动作或状态（及物动词和不及物动词） 形容词：修饰名词、代词。的副词：修饰动词、形容词。地基本句型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词）基本句型二：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语基本句型三：主语+系动词+表语基本句型四：主语+谓语+干脆宾语+间接宾语基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语基本句型六：Therebe句型练习：Hemadetheboylaugh. 2.Tomsmothersoundedworried.Myfatheroftenreadsnewspaperaftersupper. 4.Wegavethemsomemoney. 5.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.6.Allofusconsideredhimhonest. 7.Classesbeginateighteveryday. 8.Thereportsoundsinteresting. 9.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?10,Thepainmadehimcryout. 11.Youshouldstudyhard. 12.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthehospital. 13.Theypushthedooropen.2.名词的分类及数（1）名词一般名词可数名词不行数名词 专出名词表人、地方、机构、事物、组织的专用名称（2）名词变复数的规则（3）特别的名词变复数单数复数意义单数复数意义footfeet脚；英尺knifeknives刀toothteeth牙齿womanwomen妇女childchildren基础oxoxen牛basisbases孩子phenomenonphenomena现象（4）单复数相同fishchickenfruitdeersheepmeans（方式）Swiss（瑞士人）ChineseJapaneseworks（工厂）crossroads（十字路口）head（牲畜数量头）（5）名词形式上是单数，意义上是复数cattle牛（总称）、people人民、police警察、staff全体员工（6）学科类名词，形式上是复数，意义上是单数politics政治；physics物理；maths数学（7）不行数名词常见易错：advice建议；furniture家具；equipment设备；fun乐趣；information信息；paper名氏；work工作；progress进步；traffic交通；housework家务劳动；wealth财宝。（8）有些名词既可做可数又可做不行数名词可数不行数名词可数不行数glass玻璃杯玻璃danger危急人物危急room房间空间time次数倍数时间work工厂工程工作life生命生活3.名词全部格（1）有生命的在词尾加s；无生命的用of+名词（2）双重全部格构成 a/an/this/that+名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词全部格留意：of前的名词确定要有a/an/this/that等限定词0f前的名词不能是专出名词of后的名词必需是特定的指认的名词如：thesebooksofmyfriendsafriendofmyfathersafriendofmine练习题1.Thisisreading-room.A.theteachersB.teachersC.teachersD.theteachers2.Nothingwasfoundbutbroken.A.theroomwindow B.theroomswindowC.theroomofthewindowD.thewindowofroom3.Howmanywouldyoulike?A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbread4.Pleasegetmeanewwhenyougototown.A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousers5.Thereare34doctorsinthehospital.A.womanB.womenC.womansD.womens6.Heisold,buthehas todoeveryday.A.alotofwork B.muchworksC.lotsofhomeworks D.quitealotofhomeworks7.Thereremanyinmybrothersalbum.A.leafsB.toysC.booksD.stamps8.YesterdayIwenttothemarketandboughtalotof.A.tomatoesB.potatosC.vegetableD.meats9.TodayisSeptember10th.ItsDay.Letsgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.ATeachersBTeachersCtheTeachersDTeachers10.Wheresyourfather?At.AMrGreensBMrGreenCtheMrGreensDMrGreens11.Hefoundtwointheroom.AphotosBherosCtomatosDpotatos12.Thistableismadeof.AmanyglassBglassesCsomeglassesDglass13.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree・AleafsBlesvesCleafDleave14.Thesonaskedhismothertobuyglassesforhim.AatypeofBapileofCapieceofDapairof15.Thereisaofwoodleftontheground.Acup BpieceCboxDpair16.Whatdoyouthinkofthethere? Theyareverydelicious.AcakesBmeatCriceDmilk4.常用的时态：一般现在、过去、将来时（1）一般现在时用法：表示常常性习惯性的动作或常存在的状态；客观真理构成：主语+be动词(am、is、are)+表语主语(单三)+动词实义动词(s/es)时间状语：often、usually>every(day>week>month)(2)~1般过去时用法：表示过去技常常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态构成：主语+be动词(was、were)+表语 主语+动词过去式时间状语：yesterday、atthattime、last(week>month>year)(3)一般将来时用法：表示将要发生的事情或存在的事情构成：主语+will/shaH(第一人称)+动词原形 表示未经事先思索的意图，表明说话者的观点、主观意识 主语+begoingto+动词原形 表示已经确定或支配要做的事，客观迹象表明必定或可能发生的事，表示自然现象 主语+beto+动词原形 表示支配中约定的或按职责、义务必需去做或即将发生的动作 主语+beaboutto+动词原形(常与when连用) 表示主观要做的事，常与when连用练习1.Nancyisnotcomingtothepartytonight.Butshemeshedloveto.AtellsBtoldCwilltellDisgoingtotell2.IfIfindhistelephonenumber,Iyou.AtellBtold CistellingDwilltell3.Jimtoworkinhishomeafterhegraduatedfromuniversity.AgoesBwentCwillgoDhavegone4.KeeppracticingandyouyourEnglish.AimproveBwillimproveCimprovingDimproves5.WhenJimtoNewYork? YesterdayAdoes;getBdid;getCwill;getDhas;got6.Teachertoldustheeartharoundthesun.AtravelledBtravelsCwilltravelDtravelling7.Annisinhospital.I,Iher.Adidntknow;willseeBknows;willseeCknows;sees Ddidntknow;saw七年级（下）一、相关学问点1.频度副词：always>usually、often>sometimes、seldom、neverHowoften多久一次，对频率提问2.havearest=haveabreak3.ontime按时；intime刚好4.Whatdayisittoday?询问星期Whatisthedatetoday?询问日期5.whatdoyouthinkof=howdoyoulike?你认为怎么样？ 6.obeythetrafficrules遵守交通规则7.whatelse?还有什么吗？else别的、其他的常置于疑问代词或不定代词后面8.learnfrom从中学习9.infrontof 在的前面（范围之内） inthefrontof在的前面（范围之外）10.onthewall在墙的表面inthewall在墙的内部11.getaletterfromsb.=hearfrom收到某人来信12.hear/seesb.dosth 听见/望见某人做某事（全过程）doingsth听见/望见某人正在某事13.loseoneslife丢失，失去生命14.Itsonesturntodosth.轮到某人该做某事了 15.whattime、when什么时候 whattime通常对几点几分提问；when可以对年月日提问16.hundred、thousand词，前面有明确数字时，不加s和of 当前面没有明确数字时，既可加s又可加of17.toonessurprise令某人惊讶的是18.begoodat/dowellindoingsth.擅长做某事19.haveagood/nice/wonderfultime=havefun20.notanymore=nomore不再（动作） notanylonger=nolonger不再（时间）21.withoneshelp=withthehelpofsb.在的帮助下22.atonce=rightnow立即、立亥23.tellsb.alie撒谎；tellsb.thetruth说实话24.makeawish许愿25.Whatstheweatherlike.・.？・・・的天气怎么样？ Howstheweatherin....？26.Itisdiffcult/hardtodosth.做某事是很困难的27.hadbetterdosth.最好做某事28.Itisthebesttimetodosth.是做某事的最好时间了29.常见的系动词：1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词2）持续系动词，用来表示主语接着或保持一种状况或看法，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,4）感官系动词，感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,5）改变系动词，这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，改变系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.30ebacktolife复苏、醒悟、复活31.bebusydoingsth./withsth.忙于某事32.placesofinterest名胜古迹33.puton穿上takeoff脱下34.preparefor为・・.做打算35.stayup熬夜不睡3