2023年上海市中考英语【热点·重点·难点】二轮综合复习-重难点14 首字母填空解题技巧（教师版）

重难点14首字母填空解题技巧（教师版）（建议用时:30分钟）上海市五年中考试卷首字母填空考查要点统计发现考杳重点是名词.动词,形容词,副词和代词这几大词类。.跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。.复读短文，确定语义，判断句子成分。.判断空格单词在句子成分里的词性，缩小范围。.联系上下文，找关键信息推测出答案。5,通读短文，检查答案。注意时态，语法，以及词性等问题。一、短文首字母填空（2022春•上海浦东新•九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）Thisyearsometwenty-threeteenagersfromallovertheworldwillspendabouttenmonthsinUShomes.TheywillattendUSAschools,meetUSteenagers,andformimpressionsofther1America.Atthesametime,aboutthirteenhundredAmericanteenagerswillgotoothercountriestolearnnewlanguagesandgainanewunderstandingoftherestoftheworld.Hereisatwo-waystudente2inaction.Fred,aboyofnineteen,spentlastyearinGermanywithGeorge'sfamily.Inturn,George'ssonMikespentayearinFred'shomeinAmerica.Fred,alivelyyoungman,knewlittleGermanwhenhearrived,butaftertwomonths,study,thelanguagebegantocometohim.Schoolwascompletelydifferentfromwhatheexpected-muchh3StudentstookfourteensubjectsinsteadofthesixthatareusualintheUnitedStates.Therewerea4nooutsideactivities.Familylifetoo,wasdifferent.Thefather'swordwaslaw,andallactivitieswerearoundthefamilynotacertainmemberofthefamily.Fredfoundthefoodtoosimpleatfirst.Also,hem5havingacar.“Backhome,youpickupsomefriendsinacarandgooutandhaveagoodtime.InGermany,youw6butyousoonlearntolikeit.”AtthesametimeinAmerica,Mike,afriendlyGermanboy,wasalsoforminghisidea."IsupposethelessonsinAmericanschoolsaretooeasybyour1 7Jhesays."ButIhavetosaythatIlikeitverymuch.InGermanywedonothingbutstudy.Herewetakepartinmanyoutsideactivities.Ithinkthatmaybeyourschoolsarebetterattrainingforcitizens.Thereoughttobesomemiddlegroundbetweenthetwo.【答案】1.(r)eal2.(e)xchange3.(h)arder4.(a)lmost5.(m)issed6.(w)alk7.(l)evel【导语】本文主要讲述了来自世界各地的一些23岁的青少年会和美国当地的学生交换，彼此去到不同的国家，文章还介绍了几个在异国他乡的学生对新国家的各方面的看法。.句意：他们将会加入美国学校，认识美国青少年，形成真实的美国的印象。根据后文的“…gainanewunderstandingoftherestoftheworld「可知，其他学生也会去到其他地方对剩余的世界获得全新的理解，因此其他国家的学生去到美国也会有对真实的美国有印象，结合首字母，real表示“真实的"。故填(r)eal。.句意：这是一种双向的学生交换行动。根据后文的“Fred,aboyofnineteen,spentlastyearinGermanywithGeorge'sfamily.Inturn,George'ssonMikespentayearinFred'shomeinAmerica."可知，弗莱德去到德国的乔治的家庭，而乔治的儿子迈克会去到弗莱德在美国的家里.，因此这是一种学生交换的方式，结合首字母，exchange表示“交换”。故填(e)xchange。.句意：学校跟他所期待的完全不同 难太多了。根据后文“StudentstookfourteensubjectsinsteadofthesixthatareusualintheUnitedStates.”可知,德国的学生上14门课目而不是像在美国的那样是六门,结合首字母，应该用hard表示“困难的”，而句子隐含着现实中的情况和预期的对比，应用比较级，副词much修饰比较级。故填(h)arder。.句意：几乎没有户外活动o根据前文“StudentstookfourteensubjectsinsteadofthesixthatareusualintheUnitedStates.”可知，学生要上14门课程而不像美国的6门,结合首字母，可推知是almos俨几乎”,表示要上课几乎没有户外活动。故填(a)lmost。.句意：同样的，他想念有一辆车。根据后文的“Backhome,youpickupsomefriendsinacarandgooutandhaveagoodtime.»可知，弗莱德在美国家里的时候，在车上带上朋友然后出去玩得很开心，结合首字母，应用miss“想念”，表示在德国想念有车的日子，文章时态为一般过去时，应用过去式。故填(m)issedo.句意：在德国，你要走路，但你很快学会爱上它。从前文可知，弗莱德想念有车的日子，在美国时候可用跟朋友开车去玩，结合首字母，可推知在德国没有车，需要走路，应用walk。故填(w)alk。.句意：我觉得美国学校的课程对我们的水平来说太容易了。由前文可知，美国的学校通常只有6门课，而德国的有14门，因此相对德国的学生来说，美国的课程比他们的水平要简单，结合首字母，用名词level“水平”。故填⑴ev水。(2023・上海静安・统考一模)Fillintheblanksw汕properwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)TravelAloneIamsoexcited.Alsoalittlenervous!Iamoffonatriponmyown.Yes!Alone!Iamfeelingsobraveandcan'twaittogetgoing.IamheadingofftoEuropetoseesomecitiesIreallywanttovisit.Iamalsogoingtohavesomuchfun.Itisgreatb8IcanchoosewhatIwanttodoineachcity.IamgoingtotravelbytrainontheEuro-rail.Icanbuyonetrainticketthat1 9twoweeks,anduseitalloverEurope.ThetraintripacrossItalywasfastandthev10ofthecountrysidewerebeautiful.NowIaminSalzburg,Austria.ThequiethillsofAustriaareagreatplacetovisit.ThemovieTheSoundofMusicwasfilmedaroundthisarea.Itistrulybeautiful.Ienjoythen11sceneryofthemountainsandtheDanubeRiverfrommyhotelwindow.Therearealsomanycastlesandcathedralstovisit.Mozart,thefamousmusician,wasfromhere.Ilistenedtosomeofhisclassicalmusic.Icouldreallyr12myselfwhenIsippedonahotcupofcoffee.Amsterdamisafuncity,f13offriendlylocalsandtourists.ThetrainridetoAmsterdamwasalongone.Itgavemetimetowritesomepostcardstosendbackhome.Ispentthewholedayexploringtheartmuseumshere.Itookaboatridea14themanywatercanals(运河)andsawpeoplewearingtheirwoodenclogs(木屐)・IevengottotastesomedeliciousDutchcheese.【答案】8.(b)ecause9.(l)asts10.(v)iews11.(n)atural12.(r)elax13.(f)ull14.(a)long【导语】本文主要介绍了作者独自旅行的经历。.句意：这很棒,因为我可以在每个城市选择我想做的事情。根据"IcanchoosewhatIwanttodoineachcity”和首字母提示可知，前后两句是前果后因的关系，because“因为”符合句意，故填(b)ecause。.句意：我可以买一张两周的火车票，然后用它走遍欧洲。根据"useitalloverEurope”和首字母提示可知，购买的票能够持续两周，且句子时态是一般现在时，先行词ticket是单数形式，lasts“持续”符合句意，故填lasts。.句意：穿越意大利的火车旅行很快，乡村的景色也很美。根据"werebeautify和首字母提示可知，需要名词复数形式，此处指景色很美丽，views“景色”符合句意，故填(v)iews。.句意：我从旅馆的窗口欣赏着群山和多瑙河的自然风光。根据"sceneryofthemountains”和首字母提示可知，欣赏自然景色，形容词作定语，natural"自然的”符合句意，故填(n)atural。.句意：当我喝一杯热咖啡时，我真的可以放松自己。根据“whenIsippedonahotcupofcoffee.”和首字母提示可知，喝咖啡的时候能够放松自己，情态动词后接动词原形，relax“放松”符合句意。故填(r)elax。.句意：阿姆斯特丹是一个有趣的城市，到处都是友好的当地人和游客。根据"friendlylocalsandtourists”和首字母提示可知，充满了人，fullo俨充满”，故填.句意：我乘船沿着许多运河航行，看到人们穿着木屐。根据"themanywatercanals(运河)”和首字母提示可知，沿着运河划船，along“沿着”符合句意，故填(a)long。(2023・上海黄浦・统考一模)在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。Haveyouseenpiecesoflitteraroundwhereyoulive?Droppinglitterdoesn'tlooknice;itcanharmtheenvironmentanditisactuallya15thelaw.Littermeansallsortsofthingsthathavebeendroppedinapublicspace,includingbottles,cans,cigaretteends,crisppacketsandsweetwrappers.Littercollectsonstreetsandpaths,inbushes,parks,riversandtrees.Itcantakehundredsofyearstodecompose(slowlybreakdownanddisappear)andcand16thesoil.Wildlifes17becauseoflitter.Animalscangetinjuredbysharpcansorglass,ortheymightevenaccidentallyeatbitsofplastic.Litterisblownbythewindandw18intoriversanddrains.Eventuallythesethingsendupinthesea,wheretheycanbead19toseacreatures.Ifyou'redoingaclean-upoperation,oneveryusefulthingisalitterpicker.Ithasahandleatoneendandgrabberattheother.Usingalitterpickerallowsyoutocollectrubbisheasilyands20Youshouldalwayswearprotectivegloveswhenoutcollectingrubbish.Wearingabright-colourvestisalsoagoodidea,butn21gopickinguplitternearabusyroadwithoutanadultwithyou.【答案】.(a)gainst16.(d)amage17.(s)uffers18.(w)ashed19.(d)anger20.(s)afely21.(n)ever【导语】本文主要讲述了环境污染的危害。.句意：它对环境有害并且它事实上是违反法律。分析句子和首字母提示可知是“违反法律”用againstthelawo故填(a)gainst。.句意：它可能需要数百年才能分解并且它会毁坏土壤。根据文中“Itcantakehundredsofyearstodecompose”可知垃圾需要百年才能分解；又根据首字母提示，可知它会对毁坏土壤，应用damage,前面有情态动词“can”，故用原形。故填(d)amage。.句意：因为垃圾野生动物也在受难。根据后文“Animalscangetinjuredbysharpcansorglass,ortheymightevenaccidentallyeatbitsofplastic."可知，野生动物也在受难。根据首字母提示可知应用suffer,主语是“Wildlife”三单，故suffer用三单形式。故填(s)uffers。.句意：垃圾被风吹进河流和下水道。分析句子可知垃圾是被风吹了然后流进河流，又根据首字母提示可知用wash；分析句子可知是被动语态，故用过去分词washed。故填(w)ashed。.句意：最终，这些东西最终在海洋中消失，它们在那里对海洋生物成为一种危害。分析句子可知垃圾进入海洋消失，对海洋生物造成危害，又根据首字母提示和空前的“屋可知，此处应用名词danger。故填(d)anger。.句意：使用垃圾收取器可以既方便地又安全地收集垃圾。分析句子和首字母提示，可知用收取器收集垃圾是安全的，与easily并列，故用副词safely。故填(s)afely。.句意：穿上一件鲜艳的背心也是一个好主意，但是在没有大人的陪伴下永远都不要去繁忙的道路上去捡垃圾。根据首字母提示和分析题干可知，此处是告诫人们没有大人的陪伴永远不要去繁忙的道路上去捡垃圾。故填(n)ever。(2022春,上海闵行•九年级上海市实验学校西校校考期中)Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)WhatisTechnology?Technologyistheapplication(应用)ofknowledgetoproduction.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,wecanenjoytheconvenienceoflife.Wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkbecauseofm22technology.FormostofusinAmerica,technologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However,technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffooda23tousbymeansofgoodfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques,andhasextendedourlifespan(寿命).Soitraisesaquestion.Willhumanbeingscontinuetolivelongerandhaveahigherqualityoflife?Theanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitw24Ifwekeepmakingprogressaswehaveoverthepastfiftyyears,theanswerisdefinitelyyes.Theimprovementintechnologydependsuponresearchandd25andthelateststatistics(统计)showthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtospendbillionsofdollarseveryyearonsuche26Sowhilewearerunningoutofsomescarceresources,wemayfindtechnologicalsubstitutes(代用品)formanyofthemthroughourresearchprogrammes.Actually,whenweneednewskillsontechniquesinmedicine,peoplewillstartdevelopingnewtechnologytomeetthoseneeds.Peoplewillworktogethertodesignnewproductstos27somedifficultproblems.Whenequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient,newmachineswillbei28inresponsetoit.【答案】.(m)odern23.(a)vailable24.(w)idely25.(d)evelopment26.(e)fforts27.(s)olve28.(i)nvented【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述技术的发明创造、应用与作用。.句意：由于现代技术，我们已经能够很大程度提高工作效率。根据“increasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkbecauseof...technology”以及首字母可知，提高工作效率应是因为现代科技，modem”现代的"符合语境，形容词作定语。故填(m)odern。.句意：然而，通过良好的农业机械和动物育种技术，技术也增加了我们可获得的食物数量。根据"technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffood...tous”以及首字母可知，应是技术增加了我们可获得的食物数量，available“可获得的”符合语境。故填(a)vailable。.句意：答案取决于技术和我们广泛使用技术的能力。空处应填副词修饰动词use,根据“Theanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseit…”以及首字母可知，此处指广泛运用,widely“广泛地”符合语境。故填(w)idely。.句意：技术的进步依赖于研究和发展。and连接两个并列成分，结合research可知，空处也应用名词；根据"Theimprovementintechnologydependsuponresearch”以及首字母可知，技术的进步是要依赖于发展的，development"发展”，不可数名词。故填(d)evelopment。.句意：最新的统计数据显示，美国每年仍在这方面投入数十亿美元。such修饰名词；根据“thelateststatisticsshowthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtospendbillionsofdollarseveryyear”以及首字母可知，止匕处指美国方面的努力，effort“努力”，可数名词，所以此处应用复数。故填(e)fforts。.句意：人们会一起工作，设计新产品，以解决一些难题。根据"somedifficultproblems”以及首字母可知，应是解决问题，solve“解决”，不定式符号t。后应用动词原形。故填(s)olve。.句意：当设备运行慢或者低效的时候，为了解决这个问题，新的机器会被发明出来。根据“Whenequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient”可知，此处指发明新机器，invent“发明"，且“机器是被发明”，所以用被动语态，空处应用过去分词。故填⑴nvented。(2023・上海闵行,统考一模)Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)AppstoexciteyourinnerartistStayingathomewithoutteachersandclassmates,youprobablywillplaywithyoursmartphonetogetthroughthelongdays.Buthowcanyouunlockyourphone'sfullpotential?Startdownloadingsomeinterestingandcreativeappsthatwillhelpyouk29timeandboredom.Wehavechosenthreeforyou.Trythemoutandhavefun.EasyVoiceChangerWhenyouwatchsci-fimovies,youmayhavenoticedthatpeoplecanchangetheirvoicesinphonecallsandrecordings.Doyouwanttohavethismagicala30 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