阅读理解全攻略

阅读理解全攻略1Whileenjoyingthemusic,whathaveyoupreparedforthecomingclass?Yourpapers?Yourattention?Yourconfidence?2阅读理解全攻略3★《考试大纲》要求要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：

１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度；

7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。

4★阅读理解命题分类主旨大意型事实细节型词义猜测型推理判断型命题类5

试卷(江苏)推理判断主旨归纳细节理解词义猜测20084281200972512010年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系—句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。6一、主旨大意型解题要领A、干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。B、干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。C、干扰项

可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。D、正确项

是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。7一、主旨大意型实战演练1.Tellastoryandtellitwell,andyoumayopenwidetheeyesofachild,openuplinesofcommunicationinabusiness,orevenopenpeople’smindtoanothercultureorrace.…Peopleregardstorytellingnotonlyasausefultoolinchildeducation,butalsoasameaningfulactivitythathelpsadultsunderstandthemselvesaswellasthosewhoseculturemaybeverydifferentfromtheirown.…Weareallstorytellers.Weallhaveastorytotell.Wetelleverybody’sstory.8一、主旨大意型实战演练Question:What’sthemainideaofthetext?Storytellingcaninfluencethewaypeoplethink.B.Storytellingisvitaltothegrowthofbusiness.C.Storytellingisthebestwaytoeducatechildreninschool.D.Storytellinghelpspeopleunderstandthemselvesandothers.从文中事实片面推出的错误结论X文中的一个具体细节X非文章事实的主观臆断X9实战演练2.[2009年重庆卷]SirStevenRedgrave,winnerof5OlympicGoldMedals,oncesaid,“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes(糖尿病).Believingmycareer(职业生涯)wasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit—theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn’tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”10实战演练61.WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?A.Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.C.Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease.D.Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin.本段没有明显的主题句，归纳全段可知正确选项为D。选项A是局部信息；选项B和C，文中没有信息支持。11一、主旨大意型心得体会

寻找主题句是解题的关键，主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时在句中，也有可能没有主题句，这时需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。寻找主题句有以下四个小窍门：(1)段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。(2)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(3)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(4)提出文章主旨时常伴有文字提示有therefore,thus,but,however,infact,inshort等。因此，这些词后的内容很可能就是文章主旨。12二、事实细节型解题要领难度

该题型难度系数值最低并占阅读题（除任务型阅读）总数的50%左右。分析

文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或

主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接

或间接在文章中找到答案。要领

忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。13二、事实细节型常见提问形式1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE(NotTrue)accordingtotheinformationinthepassage?2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?3.Theauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept______.4.Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat____.5.以when,where,who,what,how,why,howmany/much等词引导的疑问句。

14二、事实细节型实战演练

Oneday,ItoldmymotherI’dchangedmymind.Ididn'twanttomakeasuccessinthemagazinebusiness.“Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourmindlikethis,”shereplied,“youwillbecomeagood-for-nothing.”Sheinsistedthat,assoonasschoolwasover,Ishouldstartringingdoorbells,sellingmagazines.WheneverIsaidno,shewouldscoldme.……15二、事实细节型实战演练Question:Whatdidthemotherdowhentheboywantedtogiveup?A.Sheforcedhimtocontinue.B.Shepunishedhim.C.Shegavehimsomemoney.D.Shechangedherplan.Sheinsistedthat,assoonasschoolwasover,Ishouldstartringingdoorbells,sellingmagazines.WheneverIsaidno,shewouldscoldme.16二、事实细节型心得体会

此题型最普遍的特征是题干中的某些词语和表达方式与原文的词语和表达方式相吻合，因此一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。17三、词义猜测型解题要领

同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的。反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。词与词之间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。情景推断法

根据上下文情景线索进行猜测。18Thefollowingyear,hemetJohnRidgwayandwashiredasaninstructoratRidgway’sSchoolofAdventureinScotland,wherehelearnedaboutRidgway’scold-waterexploits.Greatlyinterested,SaundersreadallhecouldaboutNorthPoleexplorersandadventures,thendecidedthatthiswouldbehisfuture.同义法实战演练Question:Theunderlinedword“exploits”isclosestinmeaningto______.A.journeysB.researchesC.adventuresD.operationsAdventureexplorersadventures19MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedand

illiterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.反义法实战演练Question:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”?A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sicktheeducatedtheurbanandrural,theyoungandold20WhenAndreaPetersonlandedherfirstteachingjob,shefacedthedauntingtaskofcreatingamusicprogramwithalmostnomoneyforequipmentorsuppliesinaclimatewherestandard-basedlearningwasthefocusandmusicjustprovidedabreakforstudentsandteachers.

释义法实战演练Question:Theunderlinedword“daunting”mostprobablymeans_______.A.discouragingB.interestingC.creativeD.unbearable

ofcreatingamusicprogramwithalmostnomoneyforequipmentorsuppliesinaclimatewherestandard-basedlearningwasthefocusandmusicjustprovidedabreakforstudentsandteachers.21Onenightthewindhowledloudlyinfromoffshore.Herushednextdoortothehiredhand’ssleepingroomtowakehimup.Butthelittlemanrolledoverinbedandsaidfirmly,“Nosir.”Enragedbytheresponse,themanwantedtofirehimonthespot.情景推断法实战演练Question:Theunderlinedword“Enraged”mayprobablymean______.A.tobemadeangryB.tobemadesurprisedC.tobemadedepressedD.tobemadehappy22四、推理判断型解题要领分析15题中常有5-6题。考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力，根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性、作者的倾向或意图、文章的论调等。要领透过现象看本质，判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文，切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意；全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论；善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。23四、推理判断型常见提问形式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat___.2.Theparagraphfollowing(before)thepassagewillmostprobablybe____.3.Thewriter’sattitudeis______.4.Theauthorimplied(suggested)that___.5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat__.6.Whatisthetoneoftheauthor?7.Thepassageisintendedto_____.8.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat______.24四、推理判断型实战演练

1.Peoplewhohavelosttheabilitytounderstandorusewordsduetobraindamagearecalledaphasics.Such

patientscanbeextremelygoodatsomethingelse.Fromthechangingexpressionsonspeaker’sfacesandthetonesoftheirvoices,theycantellliesfromtruths…….AccordingtoDr.Sacks,theyaremoregiftedthannormalpeople.Normalpeoplemaygetcarriedawaybywords.Aphasicsseemtounderstandhumanexpressionsbetter,thoughtheycannotunderstandwords.

25四、推理判断型实战演练Question:Whatdowelearnfromthistext?A.Whatonesaysreflectshowonefeels.B.Aphasicshavericherfeelingsthanothers.C.Normalpeopleoftentellliesintheirspeeches.D.Peoplepooratonethingcanbegoodatanother.26实战演练2.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysical(身体的)health.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反应).（2分钟）●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.27实战演练3.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分钟）●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem281、快速读题，带着问题读文章。

有助于有的放矢地去读，并确定正确的答案。★阅读理解解题策略确定题干中的关键词

反映题干的中心信息或能体现题干最大特征的词时间、数字、专有名词、实义名词、抽象名词、典型的形容词和副词以及主要的动词等。292、正确运用阅读策略，提高阅读效率。

包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点★阅读理解解题策略运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质和文章传达的信息。

记叙文

以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事

论述文体303、关注语篇的连接词，正确理解篇章结构。because,although,but,however,anyhow,onthecontrary,asaresult,inaddition,generallyspeaking,tosummarize,that’stosay,what’smore……在上下文中起着让步、转折、对比、列举、递进等作用，掌握这些词汇对于篇章的理解有很大的帮助。★阅读理解解题策略连接词

语篇的逻辑纽带，在句子、段落之间起着承上启下的作用，使句子、段落和篇章保持逻辑上的关系和语义上的连贯，它直接表明了句与句之间的逻辑关系。

314、答题时注意正确项和干扰选项的特征，回原文找答案。★阅读理解解题策略正确项

正话反说、肯定句变成双重否定、同义词替换、叙述角度转换而中心意思不变等。干扰项①绝对化②偷换概念③片面化④串段现象⑤无中生有325、要十分重视第一印象。

第一感觉的正确率在80％以上，不要轻易改动。★阅读理解解题策略心理学表明

考生在接触试题时大脑皮层处于高度兴奋状态，对新事物的反应灵敏，容易迅速做出决定。经验表明

检查时，不要按照第一次答题的角度去考虑，应该从另外一个角度去思考，没有充分、足够的理由不要轻易推翻第一次的选择。33

1.Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.（3分钟）●Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout____________.A.fireB.huntingC.farmingD.urbanization（城市化）