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2022年辽宁省鞍山市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.
Onesolutiontofreshwatershortageistotousedripirrigation.
A.YB.NC.NG
2.
Bunoventurecemeterycannotbeseenthereanymore;itwasremovedbecausetoomanyvisitorswantedto______ofit.
3.
Wewanttobuildahybridcarpartlybecauseithaslower______thanagasoline-poweredone.
4.
AccordingtoMichaelTwery,whydon'tthosepeoplewithsnoringproblemsgotosectheirdoctor?
A.Becausetheyarcafraidtobelaughedatbyothers.
B.Becausetheyarcnotawareoftheproblemsduetotheirslowprogress.
C.Becausetheyarctoobusytogotohospital.
D.Becausetheyareunwillingtotalkaboutsnoringproblems.
5.BesurenottousebirthdatesoryourphonenumbersasyourPINbecausethey______.
6.
OneoftheeducationalactivitiesinEastHarlemHealthyHeartprogramis____________________.
7.
In1930,TheGreenPastures,amusicalperformedbyjustblackactorsandactresses,opensonBroadway,February26.
A.YB.NC.NG
8.WhereDoDreamsComefrom?
Doyouoftendreamatnight?Mostpeopledo.Whentheywakeinthemorningtheysaytothemselves,"WhatastrangedreamIhad!Iwonderwhatmademedreamthat."
Sometimesdreamsarefrightening.Terriblecreaturesthreatenandpursueus.Sometimes,indreams,wishescometree.Wecanflythroughtheairorfloatfrommountain-tops.Atothertimeswearetroubledbydreamsinwhicheverythingisconfused.Wearelostandcan'tfindourwayhome.Theworldseemstohavebeenturnedupside-downandnothingmakessense.
Indreamsweactverystrangely.Wedo,thingswhichwewouldneverdowhenwe'reawake.Wethinkandsaythingswewouldneverthinkandsay.Whyaredreamssostrange?Wheredodreamscomefrom?
Peoplehavebeentryingtoanswerthissincethebeginningoftime.ButnoonehasproducedamoresatisfyinganswerthanamancalledSigmundFreud.One'sdream-worldseemsstrangeandunfamiliar,hesaid,becausedreamscomefromapartofone'smindwhichonecanneitherrecognisenorcontrol.Henamedthisthe"unconsciousmind".
SigmundFreudwasbornaboutahundredyearsago.HelivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria,butendedhisdaysinLondon,soonafterthebeginningoftheSecondWorldWar.
Freudwasoneofthegreatexplorersofourtime.Butthenewworldsheexploredwereinsidemanhimself.Fortheunconsciousmindislikeadeepwell,fullofmemoriesandfeelings.Thesememoriesandfeelingshavebeenstoredtherefromthemomentofourbirth—perhapsevenbeforebirth.Ourconsciousmindhasforgottenthem.Wedonotsuspectthattheyarethereuntilsomeunhappyorunusualexperlencecausesustoremember,ortodreamdreams.Thensuddenlyweseeafacewehadforgottenlongago.Wefeelthesamejealousfearandbitterdisappointmentswefeltwhenwewerelittlechildren.
ThisdiscoveryofFreud'sisveryimportantffwewishtounderstandwhypeopleactastheydo.Fortheunconsciousforcesinsideusareatleastaspowerfulastheconsciousforcesweknowabout.Whydowechooseonefriendratherthananother?Whydoesonestorymakeuscryorlaughwhileanotherstorydoesn'taffectusatall?Perhapsweknowwhy.Ifwedon't,thereasonsmayliedeepinourunconsciousminds.
WhenFreudwasachildhewantedtobecomeagreatsoldierandwinhonourforhiscountry.AtthattimeAustriaandGermanywereatwarwitheachother.HisfatherusedtotakeSigmunddowntotherailwaystationtowatchthetrainscomeinfromthebattle-fields.Thetrainswerefullofwoundedsoldiers.Thereweremenwhohadlostalleye,anarmoralegfightingintilewar.Manyofthesoldiersweresufferinggreatpain.
YoungSigmundwatchedthewoundedmenastheyweremovedfromthetrainsintothehay-cartsthatcarriedthemtothehospital.Hewasverysorryforthem.Hepitiedthemsomuchthathesaidtotheteacherathisschool,"Letusboysmakebandagesforthepoorsoldiersasoursistersinthegirls'schooldo."
Eventhen,Freudcaredaboutthesufferingsofothers,soitisn'tsurprisingthathebecameadoctorwhenhegrewup.Likeotherdoctorshelearnedallaboutthewayinwhichthehumanbodyworks.Buthebecamemoreandmorecuriousaboutthehumanmind.HewenttoPadstostudywithafamousFrenchdoctor,Charcot.Charcot'sspecialstudywasdiseasesofthemindandnerves.
Atthattimeitseemedthatnooneknewverymuchabouttilemind.Ifapersonwentmad,or"outofhismind",therewasnotmuchthatcouldbedoneaboutit.Therewaslittlehelporcomfortforthemadmanorhisfamily.Peopledidn'tunderstandatallwhatwashappeningtohim.Hadbebeenpossessedbyadevilorevilspirit?WasGodpunishinghimforwrongdoing?Oftensuchpeoplewereshutawayfromthecompanyofordinarycivi
A.YB.NC.NG
9.
Undergraduatesdonotknowhowtotalktopeoplewhohaveaverydifferenttrainingfromthem,andhowtocarry______whenplansforactionofvitalimportancetothemaremade.
10.WhenYourChildHatesSchool
Withjustafewminutesleftbeforeschoolwastostart,mysix-year-old,Dustin,wasunhappy."Idon'twanttogo",hesaid;Eversincehe'denteredfirstgrade,hehatedschool.What'sgoingon?Ithoughtashetrudged(沉重吃力地走)outthedoor.Ifhehatesschoolthismuchnow,howbadwillitbelateron?
Everykidoccasionallygrumblesaboutschool.Butfivetotenpercentofkidsdislikeitsomuchthattheydon'twanttoattend,saysChristopherKearney,directoroftheChildSchoolRefusalandAnxietyDisordersClinicattheUniversityofNevada,LasVegas.
Ifachildseemsdepressedoranxiousaboutschool,fakesillnesstostayhome,repeatedlywindsupinthenurse'sorprincipal'soffice,orrefusestotalkaboutlargechunksoftheschoolday,youshouldbeconcerned,sayschoolpsychologistsMichaelMartinandCynthiaWaltman-Greenwood,co-editorsofSalveYourChild'sSchool-RelatedProblems.
Fortunately,youcanusuallysolvetheproblem—sometimesveryeasily.Inourcase,myhusbandandIvisitedDustin'sclassandnoticedthattheteacher,freshoutofcollege,calledonlyonkidswhoscrambledtositrightunderhernose.Dustin,whogenerallysatneartheback,wasignored.Wesimplytoldhimtomoveupfront.Hedid,andhisenthusiasmreturned.
Herearesomeofthemostcommonreasonsthatkidshateschool—andstrategiestoputthemback:
Anxiety
Onefearthatkeepschildrenfromenjoyingschoolisseparationanxiety.Itmostfrequentlyoccursduringtimesoffamilystressorwhenachildisabouttoenteranewschool.
Unfortunately,parentscanfeedachild'sanxietiesbythewaytheyrespond.Withyoungerkidswatchhowyousaygood-byethosefirstfewdaysofschool.Afirm"Haveagreatday,andI'llpickyouupat2:30!"ismoreconfidence-inspiringthan"Don'tworry,Icanbethereintenminutesifyouneedme."
ThomasOllendick,headofananxiety-disordersclinicforchildrenandadolescentsatVirginiaPolytechnicInstitute,treatedoneboywhowasanxiousaboutenteringmiddleschool.Heworriedabouteverythingfromgettinglustinthenewschooltogettingbeatenup.Hismothertooktimeofffromworksoshecouldstayhometo"bethere"forhim"unconsciouslysendingthemessagethatsomethingdreadfulmightindeedhappen",Ollendickrecalls.
Oncethemotherrealizedshewascontributingintheproblem,shebeganfosteringherson'sindependencebytakinghimtotheschoolsohecouldlearnhiswayaroundandmeethishomeroomteacher.Hisfearsdiminished,andnowhe'sawell-adjustedstudent.
Youcanhelpyourchildhandlefearfulsituations—fromspeakingupinclasstotakingtests—byrehearsingathome.Helpmakelargeprojectslessdaunting(使用畏缩的)bybreakingthemintomanageablepieces.Teachyourchildtoreplacethoughtssuchas"I'mgoingtofail."With"Icanhandlethis."
Loneliness
Somekidsdislikeschoolbecausetheyhavenofriends.ThismaybethecaseifyourchildisalwaysMane,orgivesawaytreasuredpossessionsinanattempttobeliked.
Oftenlonelinessproblemscanbesolvedbysocialskills."Achildmayneedtolearnhowtolookothersintheeyewhenhespeaks,orhowtotalkaboveawhisper—orbelowayell,"Ollendicksays.Youmightteachayoungchildafew"friendshipopeners,"suchas"Myname'sTom.What'syours?Doyouwanttoplaytag?"
"Alotofkidswhoareverylonelyhaveneverbeentoldanythinggoodaboutthemselves,"saysMiamiteacherMattyRodriguez-Walling."Ifalonelykidisskilledinsomearea—computers,forexample—I'lloftenhaveotherstudentsworkwithhim.Thatdoesalotforself-esteemandhelpsthelonelychildmakefriends."
Bullies
Studentssometimeshateschoolbecausetheyareafraidtoatten
A.YB.NC.NG
11.
Kellyhasallthelatest______aboutthejobhuntingmarket.
A.marketdataonsalariesandtrendstohand
B.dataonquestionsthattheemployeraskduringinterviews
C.dataonthesuccessfulexampleswiththehelpofKelly
D.recordsofthecompaniesnewlysetup
12.
Laptopsequippedwith___________________canallowtheirownerstotemporarilydealwithofficeworkinsomepublicplaces.
13.
Oneoftheadvantagesofapeace-keepinglieisaimedatavoidingtroubleorargument.
A.YB.NC.NG
14.Rivers
Byoriginalusage,ariverisflowingwaterinachannelwithdefinedbanks.Modernusageincludesriversthataremultichanneled,intermittent,orephemeralinflowandchannelsthatarepracticallybankless.Theconceptofchanneledsurfaceflow,however,remainscentraltothedefinition.
Riversarenourishedbyprecipitation,bydirectoverlandrunoff,throughspringsandseepages,orfrommeltwaterattheedgesofsnowfieldsandglaciers.Thecontributionofdirectprecipitationonthewatersurfaceisusuallyminute,exceptwheremuchofacatchmentareaisoccupiedbylakes.Riverwaterlossesresultfromseepageintoshallowordeepaquifers(沙石含水层)andparticularlyfromevaporation.Thedifferencebetweenthewaterinputandlosssustainssurfacedischargeorstreamflow.TheamountofwaterinriversystematanytimeisbutatinyfractionoftheEarth'stotalwater;97percentofallwateriscontainedintheoceansandaboutthree-quartersoffreshwaterisstoredaslandice;nearlyalltheremainderoccursasgroundwater.Lakesholdlessthan0.5percentofallfreshwater,soilmoistureaccountsforabout0.05percent,andwaterinriverchannelsforroughlyhalfasmuch,0.025percent,whichrepresentsonlyaboutonefour-thousandthoftheEarth'stotalfreshwater.
Waterisconstantlycycledthroughthesystemsoflandice,soil,lakes,groundwater(inpart),andriverchannels,however.Thedischargeofriverstotheoceansdeliverstothesesystemstheequivalentofthewatervapourthatisblownoverlandandthenconsequentlyprecipitatedasrainorsnow,e.,some7percentofmeanannualprecipitationontheglobeand30percentofprecipitationonlandareas.
Thehistoricalrecordincludesmarkedshiftsintheappreciationofrivers,numerousconflictsinusedemand,andanintensificationofusethathasrapidlyacceleratedduringthe20thcentury.Externalfreighttradebecameconcentratedinestuarineports(河口港)ratherthanininlandportswhenocean-goingvesselsincreasedinsize.
Demandonopen-channelwaterincreasesaspopulationandpercapitawateruseincreaseandasundergroundwatersuppliesfallshort.Irrigationuseconstitutesacomparativelylargepercentageofthetotalsupply.
Present-daydemandsonriversaspowersourcesrangefromthefloatingoftimber,throughtheuseofwaterforcooling,tohydroelectricgeneration.Logginginforestsreliesprimarilyonflotationduringtheseasonofmelt-waterhighflow.Largepowerplantsandotherindustrialfacilitiesareoftenlocatedalongrivers,whichsupplytheenormousquantitiesofwaterneededforcoolingpurposes.Manufacturersofpetrochemicals,steel,andwoolenclothalsomakelargedemands.Hydroelectricpowergenerationwasintroducedmorethan100yearsago,butthemajorityoftheexistinginstallationshavebeenbuiltsince1950.
Theever-increasingexploitationofrivershasgivenrisetoavarietyofproblems.Extensivecommercialnavigationofrivershasresultedinmuchartificialimprovementofnaturalchannels,includingincreasingthedepthofthechannelstopermitpassageoflargervessels.Insomecases,thisloweringoftheriverbottomhascausedthewatertableofthesurroundingareatodrop,whichhasadverselyaffectedagriculture.Also,canalization,withitsextensivesystemoflocksandnavigationdams,oftenseriouslydisruptsriverineecosystems.
Anevenmorefar-reachingproblemisthatofwaterpollution.Pesticidesandherbicidesarenowemployedinlargequantitiesthroughoutmuchoftheworld.Thewidespreaduseofsuchbiocidesandtheuniversalnatureofwatermakesitinevitablethatthetoxicchemicalswouldappearasstreampollutants.Biocidescancontaminatewater,especiallyofslowflowingrivers,andareresponsibleforanumberoffishkillseachyear.
Inag
A.YB.NC.NG
15.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoafterajobloss?
A.Arguewiththeemployeraboutthereasonforthelayoff.
B.Remaineven-temperedandavoidradicalbehaviors.
C.Makeafaircommentontheirjobperformance.
D.Sendthecompanye-mailstoaskforcompensation.
16.HowdoesRobertFeldmanseelittlewhitelies?
A.Theydoharmtobothpeopleandthesociety.
B.Theyaremoreacceptablethanhabituallies.
C.Theyarenecessaryinthesocialrelationships.
D.Theyaregood-intentionedandthusharmless.
17.
Mr.Bellavance,wasalwaysoptimisticduringtheperiodofunemployment.
A.YB.NC.NG
18.
Writingavisualmentalscript.tobefollowedinthecontesttocomebuildsmoreaggressivenessthan______.
19.
Alternativesentencingisalsocalled______.
20.
Amongthecollegestudents"smartenough"tograduate,onlyfewcouldsucceedin______.
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.
【B4】
22.
【B8】
23.(16)
A.Sciencecourses.
B.Mathematics.
C.Liberalarts.
D.Literature.
24.
【B10】
25.听力原文:W:Jackseemstohaveafancyforpaintings.Onthewallsofhisbedroom,therearesomanyfamouspictures.Someofthemarepriceless.
M:However,hedoesnotlikevisitingtheartmuseumbecauseheconsidersitanoisyplace.
Q:WhatcanweconcludeaboutJackfromtheconversation?
(19)
A.Heisgoodatdrawingpictures.
B.Helikespaintingsverymuch.
C.Helikesvisitingtheartmuseumverymuch.
D.Hethinkstheartmuseumisaveryquietplace
26.(26)
A.Lotsofstudentsdon'ttakehealthinsuranceseriously.
B.Manystudentsthinkabouthealthinsurancerightbeforetheygoabroad.
C.Thewomanshouldn'tconsiderhealthinsuranceuntilshegetsillinhospital.
D.Thewomandoesn'thaveenoughmoneyfortuition.
27.SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe
Inthelate1960s',manypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblems,andnewsteel-and-glassskyscraperswerewidelycriticized.(36)______pointedoutthataclusteroftallbuildingsinacityoften(37)______publictransportationandparkinglot(38)______.
Skyscrapersarealsoextravagant(39)______,andwasters,ofelectricpower.Inonerecentyear,the(40)______of17millionsquarefeetofskyscraperofficeinNewYorkcityraisedthe(41)______dailydemandforelectricityby120000kilowatts—enoughtosupplytheentirecityofAlbany,NewYork,foraday.Glasswalledskyscraperscanbeespeciallywasteful.Theheatlossthroughawallofhalf-inchplateglassismorethantentimesthatthroughatypicalstonewallfilledwith(42)______board.Tolessenthestrainonheatingandair-conditioning(43)______,buildersofskyscrapershavebeguntousespecialglassthatreduceglareaswellasheatgain.(44)____________.
Ontopofraisingthetemperatureoftheatmosphere,skyscrapersputaseverestrainonacity'ssanitationfacilities,too.(45)____________—asmuchasacitythesizeofStamford,Connecticut,whichhasapopulationofmorethan109000.
(46)____________.InBostoninthelate1960's,somepeopleevenfearedthatshadowsfromskyscraperswouldkillthegrassonBostonCommon.Still,peoplecontinuetobuildskyscrapersforallthereasonsthattheyhavealwaysbuiltthem—personalambitionandthedesireofownerstohavethelargestpossibleamountofrentablespace.
28.(29)
A.Sally.
B.Hisgrandma.
C.BothSallyandhisgrandma.
D.BothSallyandhisgrandpa.
29.听力原文:W:Hi,Tom.Haveyoubeenplayingmuchbasketballlately?
M:IplayasoftenasIcangetoutoftheclassroom.Andthegameismywaytobesomebody.Itismylife,youknow?
Q:WhatdoesTomtellthewoman?
(13)
A.Heoftencutsclassestoplaybasketball.
B.Hehasnochancetoplaybasketball.
C.He'slookingforsomebodytoplaythegamewith.
D.Helovesplayingbasketballverymuch.
30.(24)
A.25pence.B.50pence.C.75pence.D.95pence.
31.听力原文:W:Goodmorning.Thisishousingoffice.HowcanIhelpyou?
M:Hi.I'mcallingaboutthenewsubsidizedlow-costhousingforgraduatestudents.
W:Areyouawarethatit'sonlyavailabletomarriedgraduatestudentsandtheirfamilies?
M:Yes.IthinkmywifeandImayqualifysinceshe'sstillingraduateschool.ButIwaswonderingwhethertherewereanyotherrequirements.
W:Well,unlessyouhavemorethanonechild,youhavetohaveacombinedannualincomethat'slessthan5000dollars.
M:I'mworkingasapart-timeresearchassistantsothat'snoproblem.Butrightnowwe'relivingwithmywife'sparents.Doesthatmeanwehavetoincludetheirincometoo?
W:Notnecessarily.Whydon'tyoustopbyourofficesoIcangiveyousomeformstofilloutandexplaineverythinginmoredetail?
M:Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.Wouldtomorrowmorningbeallright?
W:Ithinktheafternoonmightbebetter.YouknowitcanbeprettycrazyaroundhereonaFridaymorning.
M:Allrightthen.I'lltrytomakeitintheafternoon,IsthereanyonespecialIshouldaskfor?
W:Youcanaskforme,SusanDavidson,ormyassistantBillBrown.We'llbegladtogiveyouanyhelpyouneed.
M:OK.Thanksalot.Seeyouthen.
(20)
A.Inhisownapartment.
B.Withhiswife'sparents.
C.Withhisgrandparents.
D.Instudenthousing.
32.(47)
33.
【B5】
34.(28)
A.Thetelescope.
B.Theharmonica.
C.Thepiano.
D.Thelightbulb.
35.听力原文:Ecologyisthestudyoftheinterrelationshipoflivingthingstotheirenvironment.Thisevenincludesthestudyofnonlivingthings.Inrecentyears,ecologyhasbecomeasourceofgreatinteresttomanypeoplewholiveintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Theinteresthasbeenincreasingbecausesomeexpertsfeelthatwearedestroyingthelandonwhichwelive.Theyalsofeelthatwecanstopthisdestructionbybeingmorecareful.
Someoftheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyindustry.Wastespollutethewaters.Gasesandfumespoisontheair.Whenairandwaterarepolluted,thenfish,birds,andotherlivingcreamdie.Humanlifeisalsoaffectedbyindustrialneglect.Peoplebecomepoisonedinmanywayswhileworkingonandaroundunsafeplantsandfactories.Nuclearpowerplantshavecausedgreatcontroversy.
Peoplealsocausesomeoftheproblems.Carsthatpeopledrivepourfumesintotheairwebreathe.Garbageissometimesdumpedintostreamsthatsupplydrinkingwater.Forestfiresareoftencausedbycarelesscampers.Beachesandcitystreetsarelitteredwithrubbish.
(30)
A.Livingthings.
B.Livingthingsandnonlivingthings.
C.Theenvironmentalproblemscausedbyindustryandpeople.
D.Theinterrelationshipoflivingthingstotheirenvironment.
36.
【B11】
37.(36)
A.Mostequipmentwasdesignedforrighthanders.
B.Theirmentalstressledtotheirlackofconcentration.
C.Theywerecareless.
D.Theywereslowinresponding.
38.(14)
A.Shethinksbigpartiesaretooimpersonal.
B.Shewouldliketoinvitefriendstoabigparty.
C.Shefeelsshehastospendalotofmoneyinholdingbigparties.
D.Shewouldliketobeinvitedtosmallparties.
39.【B6】
40.听力原文:W:Haveyoubeentothatnewrestaurantyet?
M:Youmeanthecampuscomer?
W:Yeah.That'stheone.It'srightacrossthestreetfromtheentrancetotheschool.
M:No.I'venevereatenthere.Iusuallyhave6metogohomeforlunchbetweenclasses.
W:Areyouagoodcook?
M:I'mquitehandyinthekitchenmyself.LastsemesterItookacourseinChinesecooking.AndImustsayIthinkIdidratherwell.
W:Well,inthatcaseI'llcertainlyhavetotaketheadvantageofouracquaintance.DoyouthinkyoucouldteachsomethingaboutChinesecooking?
M:That'sagreatidea.Say,whydon'tyoucomehomewithmeaftergeometryclass?I'llmmdinnerintoacookinglesson.
W:OK.Ifyouaresureit'snottoomuchtrouble.
M:Notatall.I'llteachyouwhatI'velearntinthecookingclass.Justremindmctostopbythegrocerystoreafterclass.Ihavetopickupacoupleofingredients.
W:Ihopethisisn'tturningintoahugeproject.
M:Noway.Iliketocook.Besideswehavetoeatanyway,right?
W:Youarefight.IguessIhaven'tthoughtofitthatway.
M:Oh,thereistheprofessor.You'dbettergositdown.
W:OK.Seeyouafterclass.
(20)
A.Attheoffice
B.Inthestreet
C.Inaclassroom
D.Inarestaurant
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.
Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat______.
A.rewardsarehighlyeffectiveinAmerica
B.rewardsarenotmuchsought-afterinacademiccircles
C.rewardshavelonglosttheirappealinAmericansociety
D.Americansareaddictedtorewards
42.Theeconomicdeclineforceswomentogiveupthedesirefor______athome.
43.Whenwillmelatoninbemadeinthebrainaccordingtothepassage?
44.
Thesecondmainreasonfortheirunhappinessisthat______.
A.theyhavebeenworkinginacompanyfortoolong
B.theyarenotpermittedtochangeajob
C.theyhavenootherwayoutthankeepworking
D.theyhavetoworkontopayofftheirdebts
45.
Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten______.
A.in2004B.between2003—2004C.in2005D.between2004—2005
46.Whatdoyouthinkofwhenyouthinkaboutdrugs?Heroin?Cocaine?Usuallywethinkabouttheseillegal,harddrugs,butwhataboutthosebeingusedarounduseveryday?Theyaffectourlivesmorethanwethinkandinmorewaysthanone.Alcoholandtobaccoaresocommonthatweneverremindourselvesthattheyaredrugs,too;theyareaddictive,andharmful.
WhenImention,Iamtalkingaboutsmokelesstobaccoaswellascigarettes.Manypeoplefeelchewingisn'tnearlyasbadassmoking,butIthinkitis.Certainbrandsofchewingtobaccohaveasmuchnicotineinonecanasapackofcigarettes.Youknowwhatreallyupsetsme?.Peoplecriticizethosewhosmokebutcan'tgothroughadaywithoutadipthemselves.However,I'mnotsayingitisokaytosmoke.Smokingnotonlyhurtsthesmoker,butalsothepeoplearoundthembecauseofsecond-handsmoke.
Anothersubjectthatgetstomeisalltheathletes,bothamateurandprofessional,whousethesedrugs.High-schoolstudentshavetrainingrules;whentheybreakthembygoingtoapartyanddrinking,orsittingaroundathomesmokingacigarette,theyarenotonlyhurtingthemselvesbuttheirteamaswell.Whataboutthoseathleteswhofollowtherulesandchoosetogiveupthat"goodtime"everyonetellthemtheyaremissingouton?Isitreallyfairtothem?
Thenthereisalwaystheotherside.Athletesarelookeduptoagreatdeal.Theyarerolemodels.Whetheryouareahigh-schoolbasketballplayerinasmalltownoraprofessionalfootballplayer,therearekidsouttherewholookuptoyou.Youractionscouldhaveamajoreffectontheirlives.Manyathletesarguethattheydidn'taskforittobethisway,butitis.Itisn'tsomethingyousimplydecideon.
Really,whatdothesedrugshavetooffer?Let'sjustthinkaboutitforasecond:smokingcauseslungcancer,teethdiscoloration,andbadbreath.Chewingtobaccocausesmouthcancerandgumdisease.Alcoholcancausecirrhosis(destructionoftheliver).Thenervoussystemisaffectedalso.Blurredvisionandslowreflexescanresultwhileyouareundertheinfluenceofalcohol.Itscaresmetothinkaboutthepricewepay,andforwhat—agoodtime,fittingin?Whydowedothisto.ourselves?Weallhaveachoiceabouthowdrugswillaffectourlives.Itisyourjobtodecidehowtheywillaffectyours.
Drugsmentionedbytheauthorinclude______.
A.heroin,cocaine
B.alcohol,cigarettes
C.chewingtobacco
D.alloftheabove
47.Wecanbeginourdiscussionof"populationasglobalissue"withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss"thepopulationproblem":toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute;itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto"along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes".
Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstand.thehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.
Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinre
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