英语诗歌的类型 Types of Poetry

PartIITypesofpoetryI.Narrativepoetry叙事诗--tellingastory--givingaverbalrepresentationofasequenceofconnectedeventsandpropelscharactersthroughaplot--narrator2021/5/911.Epic史诗

--recountinginacontinuousnarrativethelifeandactionofaheroicormythologicalpersonorgroupofpersons--Homer:IliadandOdyssey

Virgil:Aeneid

Dante:DivineComedyAnglo-Saxonlegend:Beowulf

Milton:ParadiseLost2021/5/922.Ballad歌谣

--anarrativepoemoffolksongwhichtellsastoryinsimplecolloquiallanguage,usuallyinfour-linestanzaswiththesecondandfourthlinesrhymed--theborderareabetweenEnglandandScotland--theMiddleages--commonpeople,oraltradition--traditionalballad:RobinHoodBallads--literaryballad:Coleridge:TheRimeoftheAncientMariner2021/5/933.Romance传奇

--primarilymedievalfictioninverseorprosedealingwithadventuresofchivalryandlove--Frenchorigin--feudalsystem--SirGawainandtheGreenKnight--LeMorted’Arthur

2021/5/94II.Lyricpoetry抒情诗--takingitsnamefromsongssungbyindividualsorachorusaccompaniedbythelyre--possiblytheoldest:theSongofSolomonandthePsalms--FrancescoPetrarch–Italiansonnet--loveasthemostimportantsubjectmatter--differentfromnarrativepoems:NarrativeLyricstorysongactionemotion2021/5/951.Sonnet十四行诗

--afourteen-linepoem,writteniniambicpentameter(lineswithtensyllables,withaccentsfallingoneverysecondsyllable)--PetrarchinItaly--England:ThomasWyatt,HenryHoward--Spenseriansonnet:--Shakespeareansonnet:abab,cdcd,efef,gg2021/5/962.Ode颂诗

--aformoflyricpoeminwhichthepoethighlycelebratesaperson,athingoranevent--length,stanzaforms,styleandpurpose--Shelley:OdetotheWestWind

Keats:OdetoAutumn

2021/5/973.Song歌

--ashortlyricpoemintendedtobesettomusicineithervocalperformanceorwithaccompanimentofmusicalinstruments--BenJonson:Song:toCelia

2021/5/984.Elegy挽诗;挽歌;哀歌

--elegiac(GreekandRoman)--writtenincoupletsconsistingofahexameterlinefollowedbyapentameterline--usuallyareflectivepoemoflamentationorregret,withnosetmetricalform,generallyofmelancholytone,oftenondeath--ThomasGray:ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard2021/5/995.Dirge挽歌

--originallyareligiousserviceinhonorofthedead--nowanysongofmourning,shorterandlessformalthananelegy,andoftenrepresentedasatextmeanttobesungaloud--WilliamShakespeare:FullFathomFive(fromActI,SceneII,TheTempest)2021/5/9106.Aubade晨曲

--amorningserenade(F.)--apoemaboutthecomingofdawn,orapieceofmusicmeanttobesungorplayedbyaloveroutdoorslamentingpartingatdaybreak--JohnDonn:TheSunRising

RobertBrowning:PartingatMorning2021/5/9117.Pastoral田园诗

--anartisticcompositiondealingwiththelifeofshepherdsorwithasimple,ruralexistence--usuallyidealizingshepherds’livesinordertocreateanimageofpeacefulanduncorruptedexistence--describingthesimplicity,charmandserenityattributedtocountry--placingkindly,ruralpeopleinnature-centeredactivities--WilliamWordsworth:Michael:APastoralPoem2021/5/912III.Dramaticpoetry戏剧诗

--anyversewrittenforthestage--usingthediscourseofthecharactersinvolvedtotellastoryorportrayasituation--presentingthevoiceofanimaginarycharacter(orcharacters)speakingdirectly,withoutanyadditionalnarrationbytheauthor--dramaticmonologuebyRobertBrowning:MyLastDuchess

2021/5/913IV.Othertypesofpoetry1.Descriptivepoetry--devotedtotheportrayofexternalobjectsorscenes--givingexpressiontothepoet’sthoughtsandfeelingsarousedbythevariousscenesandobjectsinthenaturalworld--oftendidactic--WilliamWordsworth:

ComposedUponWestminsterBridge2021/5/9142.Reflectivepoetry--treatingofreflectionsandthoughtsoftheauthor--expressingamerereflection,ormoreseriousthought--expoundinghumanlife,therelationshipsofmanwiththeworldbymeansofvariousmethodsofothertypesofpoetry2021/5/9153.Didacticpoetry--toinstructortopersuade,toteach--AlexanderPope:AnEssayonCriticism2021/5/9164.Satiricalpoetry--exhibitingorexamininghumanorindividualvices,follies,abuses,orshortcomings--bymeansofridicule,derision,burlesque,irony,orothermethodst