2023版考研英语经典模拟试题训练含答案译文

2023版考研英语经典模拟试题训练含答案译文Sloth

maybeseenasa

sin,butsomeofhistory'smost

accomplished

menwerefondof

lounging

around.LeonardodaVincienjoyed

napping.SodidAlbertEinsteinandWinstonChurchill.RichardBuckminsterFuller

advocated

taking30-minute

naps

everysixhours.Heisreportedtohaveabandonedthepracticeonlybecause“hisscheduleconflictedwiththatofhisbusiness

associates,

who

insistedon

sleeping

likeothermen.”Noonehasyetproveda

correlation

betweennappingand

artisticbrilliance

or

professionalsuccess,butan

intriguing

study

published

thisweekintheArchivesofInternalMedicine

claimstofind

alinkbetween

daytimesiestas

andgoodhealth.AteamofresearchersledbyAndronikiNaskaoftheUniversityofAthensMedicalSchoolandDimitriosTrichopoulosofHarvard'sSchoolofPublicHealthfollowedover23,000Greekpatientswithnohistoryof

coronarydisease,cancerorstroke,foranaverageofsixyears.Theirconclusion:nappingjustmightsaveyourlife.Thestudyfoundthatthegroupofadults

who

took

siestas(definedas30-minutenaps)atleastthreetimesaweekhadathirdfewerdeathsfromheartdiseasethan

anequivalent

group

who

didnotsleepatallduringtheday.Thebenefitwasgreaterformenthanforwomen.(Whetherwomenbenefitedatallwashard

toestimate

asthereweretoofewdeathsamongthemduringthecourseofthestudy.)Itwasalsogreaterforworkingmenthanforthose

who

hadretired.However,anumberofpreviousstudies

done

inthe

Mediterranean

andinpartsofCentralAmerica(where

siestas

remaincommon)havecomeupwith

conflictingresults,butDrNaskaandDrTrichopoulosarguethatthosestudieshaveoftenbeenflawed.Thesubjectsinsome,forexample,hadsurvivedheartattacksandmaythereforehavebenefitedmorefrom

napping

thanhealthyindividualsdo.Giventhat

allofthesubjectsofthisnewstudywereGreek,couldthemuch-celebratedMediterraneandiet

deserve

credit,ratherthanthe

siestas?ThefirmanswerfromDrTrichopoulosis“No”.Andheisinagoodpositiontosayso,foritwashewhodidthepioneeringresearchthatputoliveoilandaplant-baseddietonthescientificmapinthefirstplace.Unlikesomeother

siesta

studies,hiswascontrolledfordiet,smoking,exerciseandother

relevant

variables.TheearlierfindingsaboutthebenefitsoftheMediterraneandietareconfirmed,hesays,andnappingseemstohelp

ontopofthat.Beforebuyingasofafortheoffice,however,itmightbewisetoconsiderthepossibilityofselection

bias.DrTrichopoulosconcedesthat“TypeA”personalities,

whose

hard-workinglivesmaymakethem

proneto

heartattacks,arealsomuchlesslikely

to

takenaps

duringtheday.Thatbiasmightbe

skewing

thestudy'sresults.Evenso,headvises,“Takeanapifyoucan.”注（1）：本文选自TheEconomist；注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象为2004年真题Text1。1.Whatdoscientistsexpecttoachieveinthestudyofdaytimesiestas?A)Theywanttoprovethatsiestashelppeoplebecomesmarter.B)Theywanttoprovethatsiestascanmakepeoplehappier.C)Theywanttoprovethatsiestasmayprolongpeople'slife.D)Theywanttoprovethatsiestashelpcuresomediseases.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttakingnapregularly?A)One'spossibilityofdyingfromheartdiseasesissmaller.B)Oneissurelytoenjoyalonglifewiththehabitoftakingsiestas.C)Whethersiestasbenefitwomenisstillunknownduetothelimitedmemberofwomenparticipatingthetest.D)Aworkingmanusuallyoutlivesaworkingwomanofsimilarageifhehasthehabitofsiestas.3.Theexpression“loungingaround”(Lines1~2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans_______.A)sleepingalotB)takinganapeveryfewhoursC)relaxingoneselfD)beinglazy4.WhyisDrTrichopoulosinagoodpositiontodenythebenefitfromMediterraneandietinthiscase?A)BecausetheresearchDrTrichopouloshasdoneonnappingismoreconvincing.B)BecauseDrTrichopoulosisaforerunnerofresearchonMediterraneandiet.C)BecauseDrTrichopoulosknowsnothingaboutthenutritiousvalueofMediterraneandiet.D)BecauseMediterraneandietisnotoriousforitsunhealthiness5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A)TheresearchfailstoapplyuniversallybecauseitonlystudiesalimitedscopeofsamplethatisshortofrepresentativenessB)Mostofthosewhohavegreatachievementsusuallyhavethehabitoftakingsiestasregularly.C)Peoplewhoworkundergreatpressurebenefitmorefromnappingthantheretired.D)DrTrichopoulos'ssiestastudyconflictswithpreviousstudies,whichmitigatethecredibilityofhisstudy.CADBC词汇注释sloth/sləʊθ/n.怠惰，懒惰lounge/laʊndʒ/vi.懒洋洋地躺卧，闲荡nap/næp/n./v.（白天）小睡，打盹correlation/ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃn/n.相互关系，相关siesta/siˈestə/n.午睡coronary/ˈkɒrənri/adj.冠的，花冠的，冠状的stroke/strəʊk/n.中风equivalent/ɪˈkwɪvələnt/adj.相等的，相当的flaw/flɔː/vt.使有缺陷，使无效bias/ˈbaɪəs/n.偏见prone/prəʊn/adj.有…倾向的skew/skjuː/v.曲解；歪曲难句突破Thestudyfoundthatthegroupofadultswhotooksiestas（definedas30-minutenaps）atleastthreetimesaweekhadathirdfewerdeathsfromheartdiseasethananequivalentgroupwhodidnotsleepatallduringtheday.主体句式：Thestudyfoundthat...结构分析：这个句子的主要内容集中于that后面的宾语从句，其中该从句的主体结构为thegroupofadultshadathirdfewerdeathsthananequivalentgroup。从句中的第一个who引导的定语从句用来修饰第一组成人的情况，其中注意到括号中的内容是对siestas的概念定义；从句中的第二个who引导的定语从句用来修饰第二组成人的情况。句子译文：研究表明，那些每周至少午休3次，且每次至少睡30分钟的成人组与日间从不午休的成人组相比，由心脏病致死的几率低了1/3。Anewstudy

published

inThursday’seditionof

Cell

reportsthatmosquitoes’senseofsmellis

morecomplex

thanweoncethought.Anditmayexplainhowtheyaresogoodatseekingusoutinthedarknessandleadtonewstrategies

tofight

againstthe

potentially

deadlydiseases

caused

bytheirbites.UntilMegYounger,

co-author

ofthestudy,andher

colleagues

startedstudyingmosquitoes,it’slongbeenknownthatmosquitoes

relyon

multiple

cluestotargethumans,First,theywillsensetheCO2inthebreathfromadistancethatcanbemorethan30feet.AftertheCO2,thentheybegintosensehumanbodysmells.Theyfollowthe

odors(气味)and,whentheygetveryclose,starttodetectbodyheat.Oncetheylandontheskin,theylookforaplacetobitewiththeirlegs.Inmanypartsoftheworld,theirbitesmayleadtosuchdiseasesas

dengue,Zika,chikungunyaandmalaria.Thelatterdiseasealonecausesoverhalfamilliondeathseachyeararoundtheglobe.“Butmostof

what

weknowaboutmosquitoes’senseofsmellcomesfromthestudyofthebrainsofmiceandfruitflies,

where

thepathwaysbetweenthebrainandsmell

detectors

arefairlysimple:Each

neuron(神经元)intheirsmelldetectorsjust

respondsto

asinglekindofsmellandalltheneuronsforthatsmellareconnectedtothesamepartoftheirbrains.Ofcourse,thereare

countless

differentdetectorsrespondingtocountlesssmells,”saysYounger.“Whenwestartedlookinginsidemosquitobrains,wefoundthateachneuroncandetectmultiplesmells.”“It’sagreatbreakthrough,”saysJosefinadelMarmol,ascientistattheHarvardMedicalSchool

who

wasn’tinvolvedwiththeresearch.“Itwillchangealotaboutwhatweknowofhowmosquitoes

interactwith

theworldandgiveresearchersadditionalwaystofightthebugs.Butthere’smorework

tobedonetotest,

neuronbyneuron,

which

neuronactuallyrespondstowhichhumanbodysmells.”12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmosquitoesfromparagraph2?A.Theylookforaplacetobitewiththeirey