2022年托福阅读：欧洲洞穴艺术

2022年托福阅读：欧洲洞穴艺术CaveArtinEurope

欧洲地窖艺术

P1:Theearliestdiscoveredtracesofartarebeadsandcarvings,andthenpaintings,fromsitesdatingbacktotheUpperPaleolithicperiod.Wemightexpectthatearlyartisticeffortswouldbecrude,butthecavepaintingsofSpainandsouthernFranceshowamarkeddegreeofskill.SodothenaturalisticpaintingsonslabsofstoneexcavatedinsouthernAfrica.Someofthoseslabsappeartohavebeenpaintedasmuchas28,000yearsago,whichsuggeststhatpaintinginAfricaisasoldaspaintinginEurope.Butpaintingmaybeevenolderthanthat.TheearlyAustraliansmayhavepaintedonthewallsofrocksheltersandclifffacesatleast30,000yearsago,andmaybeasmuchas60,000yearsago.

难词解析：

beadn.珠链;水珠，露珠v.用珠子装饰

siten.遗迹，遗址

dateback回溯至

Paleolithicadj.旧石器时代的

markedadj.明显的(注：考词汇题等于considerable)

artisticadj.艺术的

crudeadj.粗略的

naturalisticadj.(艺术或写作)自然主义的;写实主义的

slabn.厚板

excavatev.挖掘(古物)

rockshelter岩石遮挡的墙上

cliffface陡崖断面

难句翻译：

Wemightexpectthatearlyartisticeffortswouldbecrude,butthecavepaintingsofSpainandsouthernFranceshowamarkeddegreeofskill.SodothenaturalisticpaintingsonslabsofstoneexcavatedinsouthernAfrica.

虽然，我们可能会认为早期的艺术成就都是不成熟的，但西班牙与法国南部的岩洞画显示出了超群的技艺，在非洲南部开掘出的自然石板画也是如此。

P2:TheresearchersPeterUckoandAndreeRosenfeldidentifiedthreeprincipallocationsofpaintingsinthecavesofwesternEurope:(1)inobviouslyinhabitedrocksheltersandcaveentrances;(2)ingalleriesimmediatelyofftheinhabitedareasofcaves;and(3)intheinnerreachesofcaves,whosedifficultyofaccesshasbeeninterpretedbysomeasasignthatmagical-religiousactivitieswereperformedthere.

难词解析：

identifyv.识别

principaladj.最重要的

注：考词汇题等于major

inhabitedadj.有人居住的

galleryn.走廊

注：考词汇题等于corridor

interpretv.解释，说明

magicaladv.魔法般的

难句翻译：

Intheinnerreachesofcaves,whosedifficultyofaccesshasbeeninterpretedbysomeasasignthatmagical-religiousactivitieswereperformedthere.

在地窖所能及的最深处，有人认为之所以在最深处作画是由于当时的人们曾在这里进展神奇的宗教活动。

P3:Thesubjectsofthepaintingsaremostlyanimals.Thepaintingsrestonbarewalls,withnobackdropsorenvironmentaltrappings.Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathorinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.Anotherexplanationforthefocusonanimalsmightbethatthesepeoplesoughttoimprovetheirluckathunting.Thistheoryissuggestedbyevidenceofchipsinthepaintedfigures,perhapsmadebyspearsthrownatthedrawings.Butifimprovingtheirhuntingluckwasthechiefmotivationforthepaintings,itisdifficulttoexplainwhyonlyafewshowsignsofhavingbeenspeared.Perhapsthepaintingswereinspiredbytheneedtoincreasethesupplyofanimals.CaveartseemstohavereachedapeaktowardtheendoftheUpperPaleolithicperiod,whentheherdsofgameweredecreasing.

难词解析：

reston停留在;依靠

bareadj.无遮盖的，无装饰的

backdropn.背景

trappingn.装饰

注：考词汇题等于decoration

contemporaryadj.同时代的

depictv.描绘

explanationn.解释(缘由)

theoryn.理论

chipn.缺口;一小片碎片;

spearn.矛

chiefadj.首要的

motivationn.动机，动力

peakn.(过程、活动的)顶峰

herdsof成群

gamen.猎物

难句解析：

Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathorinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.

或许像许多现代人一样，旧石器时代末期的男人和女人信任画人类画像可能会招致死亡和受伤，并且假如这的确是他们的想法，那么可能就可以解释为什么人类画像很少在岩洞艺术中被表现出来。

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TEST

P1绘画艺术悠久的历史：

迄今为止，发觉的最早的并且有迹可寻的工艺品是______________________________。

P2西欧洞画的三个主要地点：

1)_______________________________________;

2)_______________________________________;

3)_______________________________________。

P3绘画的主题大局部都是动物的可能的缘由：

1)同很多当代人一样，后石器时代的人们也信任__________________________;

2)人们在探究_________________________。

参考答案

P1:

beadsandcarvings,andthenpaintings

P2:

inobviouslyinhabited