高二英语人教版必修五讲义UNIT1SECTIONⅠREADING（WARMINGUPREADING）

JohnSnow[阅读障碍词]①originallyadv.原本；起初②anaesthetistn[阅读障碍词]①originallyadv.原本；起初②anaesthetistn．麻醉师③fulfillvt.完成；履行

Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．conclude A．n.受害者2．defeat B．vt.&vi.结束；推断出3．attend C．vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光4．expose D．vt.战胜；战胜；使受挫n.失败5．cure E．vt.照看；护理；出席；参与6．challenge F．vt.汲取；吸引；使用心7．victim G．n.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗8．absorb H．vt.责怪；责怪n.过失；责怪9．suspect I．n.挑战vt.向……挑战10．blame J．vt.认为；疑心n.被疑心者；嫌疑犯11．pollute K．vt.命令；指示；教育12．handle L．vt.&n．连接；联系13．link M．vt.宣布；通知14．announce N．vt.污染；弄脏15．instruct O．n.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵答案：1～5BDECG6～10IAFJH11～15NOLMKⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Atthemeetingheldyesterday,heputforwardapracticalplantoimprovepeople’slivingconditions.提出2．Withcarefulstudy,thescientistdrewaconclusionfinallyfromwhathehadsurveyed.得出结论3．Todrythewetclothesquickly,sheexposedthemtothesunshineonpurpose.使……暴露于4．Theycanneitherreadnorwrite,norcantheyprehendsuchconcepts.既不……也不……5．IamreadytodoanythingthatIcanforyou,becauseIoweyouagreatdeal.愿意做6．Therearesomanycarsinthestreetthatyou’dbetterslowdownyourcar.减速7．Thebridgelinksthebankoftherivertotheotherbankofit.将……和……连接起来8．Thedrunkendriver,ratherthanthepassers­byshouldbetoblameforthetrafficaccident.应受责怪Matchthepictureswiththeintroductions.1．Einventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybody.2．Cwroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdeveloped.3．Fputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes.4．Bdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforce.5．DdiscoveredradiumandwontheNobelPrizetwice.6．AwonaNobelPrizeinMedicinein2015.Ⅰ.FastreadingReadthetextquicklyanddothefollowingexercises.Matchthefollowingparagraphswiththeirmainideas.Para.1A．Pollutedwatercarriedthedisease.Para.2B．Finally“KingCholera〞wasdefeated.Para.3C．JohnSnowwantedtousehisknowledgetosolvecholera.Para.4D．Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.Para.5E．Heneededtoprovethesecondtheorywascorrect.Para.6F．Hefoundoutthatdirtywaterwasthecauseofcholera.答案：Para.1～6CDEFABⅡ.CarefulreadingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhydidJohnSnowattendQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician?A．Becausehewaswell­knownallovertheworld.B．Becausehewasexpertatmedicalscience.C．Becausehewasanolddoctor.D．BecauseQueenVictorialikedhimverymuch.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A．JohnSnowwasafamousdoctor.B．JohnSnowfinallydefeated“KingCholera〞．C．Cholerawasadeadlydiseaseofitsday.D．Fewpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreakofcholera.3．Afterhemadefurtherinvestigations,JohnSnowfound________.A．choleramultipliedintheairB．peopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmealsC．thewaterfromthepollutedriverwastoblameD．fliesspreadthedisease4．Howwas“KingCholera〞defeated?A．Bypeople’snotpollutingtheriveragain.B．Bypeople’shealthydiets.C．Bypeople’sdeliveringthewaterfromotherplaces.D．Bypeople’sstoppingdrinkingthepollutedwater.5．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．JohnSnowwasawell­knowndoctorinLondon.B．Thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater.C．Thesourceofallthedrinkingwatersuppliesshouldbeexamined.D．HowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofcholeraanddefeated“KingCholera〞．答案：1～5BDCDDⅢ.StudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.[句式分析][尝试翻译]但当他一想到要关心(那些)受霍乱威逼的一般百姓时，他就感到很兴奋。2．Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.[句式分析][尝试翻译]有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特殊喜爱从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家来。3．Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.[句式分析]逗号前面的不定式短语作目的状语，JohnSnow为主语，suggested为谓语，后接宾语从句thesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined。[尝试翻译]为了防止这种状况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议全部的水源都要经过检测。阅读理解AAlbertEinsteinwasborninGermanyin1879.Hewasaquietchildwhospentmuchofhistimealone.Hewasslowtotalkandhaddifficultylearningtoread.WhenAlbertwasfiveyearsold,hisfathergavehimapass.Thechildwasfilledwithwonderwhenhediscoveredthatthepassneedlealwayspointedinthesamedirection—tothenorth.Heaskedhisfatherandhisunclewhatcausedtheneedletomove.Albertdidnotlikeschool.TheGermanschoolsofthattimewerenotpleasant.Studentscouldnotaskquestions.Albertsaidhefeltasifhewereinprison.In1905,AlbertEinsteinpublishedsomeimportantpapersinaGermanscientificmagazine.Theyincludedoneofthemostimportantscientificdocumentsinhistory.Itexplainedwhatcametobecalledhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity(相对论)〞.Tenyearslaterheexpandedittoa“GeneralTheoryofRelativity〞．In1921,hewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.Itwasgiventohimnotforhistheoriesofrelativity,butforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect(光电效应)．AlbertEinsteinleftGermanyin1933.HemovedtotheUnitedStatestocontinuehisresearch.EinsteinbecameacitizenoftheUnitedStatesin1940.Einsteinwasafamousman,butyouwouldnothaveknownthatbylookingathim.Hiswhitehairwaslongandwild.Heworeoldclothes.Heshowedaninnerjoywhenhewasplayinghisviolinortalkingabouthiswork.Studentsandfriendssaidhehadawayofexplainingdifficultideasusingimagesthatwereeasytounderstand.Einsteinspentthelasttwenty­fiveyearsofhislifeworkingonwhathecalleda“unifiedfieldtheory〞.Hehopedtofindamonmathematicalstatementthatcouldtietogetherallthedifferentpartsofphysics.Hedidnotsucceed.AlbertEinsteindiedin1955attheageofseventy­six.语篇解读：爱因斯坦是一位宏大的物理学家，他创立了“相对论〞，为现代物理学作出了突出奉献。本文简要介绍了他传奇的一生。1.WhatdoweknowaboutAlbertEinsteininhischildhood?A．Hewasveryclever.B．Helikedtalkingwithpeople.C．Hewascuriousaboutnewthings.D．Hewasgoodatinventingnewthings.解析：选C推理推断题。依据第一段关于爱因斯坦对罗盘产生奇怪???的故事可以推断出，他对新事物布满奇怪???心，因此C项正确。2．What’stherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutAlbertEinstein?a．HebecameacitizenoftheUnitedStates.b．HewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.c．Heputforwardhis“GeneralTheoryofRelativity〞．d．HeleftGermanyfortheUnitedStates.A．d，b，c，a B．d，a，c，bC．b，c，d，a D．c，b，d，a解析：选D细节理解题。依据文章第三、四、五段可以得知，a、b、c、d四项发生的时间分别为1940年、1921年、1915年及1933年，因此D项正确。3．WhydidAlbertEinsteinwintheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921?A．Becauseheputforwardhistheoryofrelativity.B．Becausehediscoveredthelawofthephotoelectriceffect.C．BecausehepublishedsomeimportantfindingsinaGermanmagazine.D．Becauseheworkedon“unifiedfieldtheory〞andwassuccessful.解析：选B细节理解题。依据第四段可知，爱因斯坦获得诺贝尔奖是由于发觉了“光电效应〞，而不是由于创立了“相对论〞，因此B项正确。4．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．ThelifestoryofAlbertEinstein.B．ThescientificdiscoveriesofAlbertEinstein.C．AlbertEinsteinandhistheoriesofrelativity.D．HowAlbertEinsteinwongreatsuccessinhislife.解析：选A主旨大意题。本文简要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平，因此A项最为恰当。BBerthavonSuttnerreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizein1905—shewasthefirstwomantoreceiveit,andalsotheinspirationforthecreationoftheNobelPrize.ShemetAlfredNobel,arichmillionaire,byansweringhisnewspaperadforasecretary.Althoughsheonlyworkedforhimforafewweeks,sheremainedgoodfriendswithAlfredNobelforthenext20years.WhenshebecameinvolvedinthepeacemovementinEurope,shepromisedtokeepNobelinformedofitsprogress.WhenAlfredNobeldiedin1896,hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,thankstoBerthavonSuttner’sinfluence.BerthavonSuttnerwasborninanaristocratic(贵族的)militaryfamily,butshespentthesecondhalfofherlifeworkingforpeace.Shewrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocietiesinAustria,GermanyandHungary,aswellastheInternationalPeaceBureauinSwitzerland.Hernovel,LayDownYourArms,wasoneofthemostinfluentialantiwarbooksofalltime,andhelpedtomakeheraleaderofthepeacemovementinEurope.Itsendtowarthemewasboththeambition(理想)andthemostimportantgoalinthelifeofthisgreatwoman.BerthavonSuttnerworkedsohardforpeacebecauseshebelievedthataterriblewarwouldbreakoutinEuropeifnationsdidn’tworkhardtoestablishlastingpeaceinstitutions.Shemademanymajorachievementsforamorepeacefulworld,buttwomonthsaftershedied,WorldWarⅠbrokeout.AhundredyearsaftershewontheNobelPeacePrize,nationsstillseemtoviewwarasachoicetoworkouttheirproblems.ButlikeBerthavonSuttnerdid,manytodayareworkinghardaroundtheworldtohelpstrengthenpeaceinstitutionsandspreadtheideathatit’stimetoputanendtowar.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章介绍了第一位女性获得者BerthavonSuttner。5．BerthavonSuttner________.A．workedforAlfredNobelfor20yearsB．helpedAlfredNobeldrawuphiswillC．persuadedAlfredNobeltojointhepeacemovementD．inspiredAlfredNobeltoestablishtheNobelPeacePrize解析：选D细节理解题。由第一段中的“alsotheinspirationforthecreationoftheNobelPrize〞和其次段中的“hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,thankstoBerthavonSuttner’sinfluence〞可知，诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中指明设立主要是受到BerthavonSuttner的影响。6．Paragraph3ismainlyaboutBerthavonSuttner’s________.A．effortsandcontributionstothepeacemovementB．familybackgroundandworkexperiencesC．writingcareerandlifeexperiencesD．ambitionandgoalsinlife解析：选A段落大意题。由第三段中的“wrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocieties〞和“themostinfluentialantiwarbooks〞以及“aleaderofthepeacemovementinEurope〞可知，本段主要叙述了BerthavonSuttner为和平运动所做出的努力和奉献。7．WhatdoweknowaboutLayDownYourArms?A．Itwasbasedonatruestory.B．ItrecordedBerthavonSuttner’sdailylife.C．Itwasaboutanaristocraticmilitaryfamily.D．ItshowedBerthavonSuttner’swishforpeace.解析：选D推理推断题。由第三段中的“antiwarbooks〞和“Itsendtowarthemewasboththeambition(理想)andthemostimportantgoalinthelifeofthisgreatwoman.〞可知，?放下武器?这部小说反映了BerthavonSuttner对世界和平的渴望。8．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．BerthavonSuttner’sfightforpeaceisstillsharedbymany.B．BerthavonSuttnerfailedtofoundpeaceinstitutions.C．BerthavonSuttnersuccessfullypredictedawar.D．BerthavonSuttnerlostherlifeinWorldWarⅠ.解析：选A推理推断题。由最终一段的最终一句可知，今日很多人依旧在努力关心实现世界和平、传播结束战斗的思想。CAseven­year­oldwrotetoGoogleforajobanditsCEOreplied.Afterdiscussingherfather’swork,ChloeBridgewaterdecidedshewouldliketoworkforGoogleandpennedaletterbeginning“DearGoogleboss〞.Itwasonlytheschoolgirl’ssecondletter,afterherfirstlettertoFatherChristmas,butthesearchengine’sCEOSundarPichaiwroteback.“Wecouldn’tbelieveoureyeswhenwereceivedtheletter.Andwereadtheletterwithapleasedheart.Idon’tthinkChloecouldunderstandtheimportanceofthereactionshe’dgotafterwards，〞saidfatherAndy,asalesmanagerfromHereford.“She’sgotagreatentrepreneurial(企业家的)spirit.Eversinceheryoungage,she’salwaysbeentoldinschoolreportsshe’sbright,hard­workingandpolite—we’reveryproudofher，〞hesaid.MrPichai’sfullreply：“Thankyousomuchforyourletter.I’mgladthatyoulikeputersandrobots,andhopethatyouwillcontinuetolearnabouttechnology.Ithinkifyoukeepworkinghardandfollowingyourdreams,youcanacplisheverythingyousetyourmindto—fromworkingatGoogletoswimmingattheOlympics.Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourjobapplicationwhenyouarefinishedwithschool!Allthebesttoyouandyourfamily.〞MrPichaiwasnamedGoogle’sCEOin2015.TheinspirationforChloe’sletterhadbeenInternetresearchshowingGoogle’sofficesincludingbeanbags,gokarts(卡丁车)andslides.ChloealsoadmittedtoaninterestinajobinachocolatefactoryorasaswimmerattheOlympicsintheletter.MrBridgewatersaidheandhiswifeJulie,anHRadvisor,hadseenChloe’sbusinessgiftinactionalready.Besidesherloveofswimming—20lengthsonTuesdayswithhermum—Chloehasalsovolunteeredtocleanthekitchenfor20pence(便士),hesaid.“Sheisonlyyoungsosheneedstoplaywithherfriends,jumponatrampoline(蹦床)butwheneversheshowsaninterestinsomethingelse—likethisletter—wewanttoencourageher，〞Andysaid.语篇解读：7岁女孩ChloeBridgewater幻想进入谷歌公司工作，她写信求职，没想到真的收到来自谷歌CEO的回复。信中称：有志者，事竟成。9.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．A7­year­oldgirlwantstosetupherbusiness.B．A7­year­oldgirlwritestoFatherChristmas.C．Google’sCEOwritesbacktoa7­year­oldgirl.D．Google’sCEOistoobusytowritebacktothegirl.解析：选C主旨大意题。文章开篇点题，第一段首句谈到：一个七岁女孩向谷歌递交求职信，并收到了其首席执行官的回复。10．Itcanbeknownfromthepassagethat________.A．ChloeunderstoodtheimportanceofthelettertoherB．Chloe’sfamilywassurprisedbytheletterandfullofexcitementC．Chloe’sfatherrequestedGoogle’sCEOtowritebacktohisdaughterD．ChloegotfamousaroundtheworldbecauseofthereplyfromGoogle’sCEO解析：选B细节理解题。依据其次段第一、二句可知，Chloe的家人简直不信任会收到谷歌CEO的回信，读信的时候特别快乐。故Chloe的家人收到回信既惊异又布满兴奋。11．WhatcanbeinferredfromMrPichai’sreply?A．HeencouragedChloetoholdontoherdreams.B．HeonlyexpectsChloetoworkforhispany.C．HedoubtswhetherChloecanswimattheOlympics.D．HewishesChloetogiveuptechnologytobusiness.解析：选A细节理解题。依据第三段“I’mgladthatyoulikeputersandrobots...Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourjobapplicationwhenyouarefinishedwithschool！〞可知，谷歌CEOMrPichai鼓舞Chloe追赶自己的幻想。12．WhichjobisChloelesslikelygoingtogoinfor?A．Apostinachocolatefactory.B．AswimmerattheOlympics.C．ApostworkinginGoogle.D．Apostofmakingbeanbags.解析：选D细节理解题。依据第一段“Aseven­year­oldwrotetoGoogleforajob...〞及第四段“ChloealsoadmittedtoaninterestinajobinachocolatefactoryorasaswimmerattheOlympicsintheletter.〞可知，Chloe向谷歌递交求职信。她在信里表示她也想在巧克力工厂工作，或者成为一名奥运会的游泳健将。eq\a\vs4\al([课文对译])JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA〞JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16,37,38and40)．Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremove