关系副词引导的定语从句

Unit5GrammarTheAttributiveClause2021/5/91关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中作用关系代词that人/物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语,表语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语(whose+n.)as主语.宾语Theuseoftherelativepronoun(关系代词)口诀:定语从句三步：第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）第三选择合适的关系词2021/5/921.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.WhatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoosethebestanswers:2021/5/934.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that

5.Isoxygentheonlygas__helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98’)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that2021/5/947.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,

____

wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it2021/5/95关系副词的用法关系副词指代在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/duringwhich)

where(=in/at/on/underwhich)why(=forwhich)

时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语2021/5/96（一）关系副词where引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。例：Chinaistheonlycountrywherewildpandascanbefound.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2021/5/97知识拓展：1.关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词(in/on/at/under等)+which”引导的定语从句。Eg:Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.＝Thehotelinwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.

=Thehotelwhich/thatwestayedinwasn’tclean.2021/5/98ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.

=ThehouseinwhichLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.2021/5/992.若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。

Thelibrarythat/whichyouvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.

2021/5/9103.如果定语从句分别修饰point,

situation,stage,condition和case,position等表示抽象意义的词，常用where/prep+which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。

例：I’vecometothepoint

whereIcan’tstandhim.

2021/5/911【典型例题】1.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation

_______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.

A.that

B.when

C.which

D.where2021/5/9122.Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.why

B.what

C.that

D.where2021/5/9133.Ihavereachedapointinmylife

Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.which

B.where

C.how

D.why

2021/5/9144.TheywillflytoWashington,___theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.A.where

B.there

C.which

D.when

2021/5/915when引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。例：ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.（二）关系副词when引导的定语从句2021/5/916先行词是time时若time是作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导的定语从句，that可以省略。Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.Icouldhardlyrememberhowmanytimes(that)I’vefailed.若time

作”一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导的定语从句Thiswasatatimewhen/duingwhichtherewasnoradios,notelephonesornoTVs.2021/5/9171.Thisisthesecondtime___Ihavebeenhere.2.Canyoustillrememberthetime___wespenttogetherinourchildhood.3.Thefirsttime__hesawher,hefellinlovewithher.(1.that/不填2.that/which3.that/不填)2021/5/9184)Wearelivinginaage____manythingsaredoneontheInternet.A.WhichB.ThatC.WhoseD.when2021/5/919知识拓展：1.关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为“介词(in/at/on/during)+which”引导的定语从句。Istillrememberthetimewhen(duringwhich)Ilivedinthecountryside.

2021/5/9202.若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。

I’llneverforgetthetimethat/whichIspentoncampus.I’llneverforgetthetimethat/whichwasspentwithyou.2021/5/9211.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_____local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.A.if

B.when

C.which

D.since2021/5/9222.Wewentthroughaperiod___communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.which

B.whose

C.inwhich

D.withwhich

2021/5/9233.Occasionsarequiterare_____Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhyD.When2021/5/924（三）关系副词why

引导的定语从句。why引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如：excuse;explanation;reason等。例：Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothepartyisthathedidn’twanttoseeJane.2021/5/925Wecan’taccepttheexcusewhyyouwereabsent.Thisistheexplanationwhytheyputoffthemeeting.2021/5/926知识拓展：1.关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转换为“for+which”引导的定语从句。Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ididn’tcomehere.2021/5/9272.若定语从句的先行词是reason，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。Thereasonthat/whichshegavemewasnottrue.2021/5/928即学即用1)Thereason________hedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.2)Thereason

heexplainedisnottrue.

why

that/which

2021/5/9293)Thereason___hewasabsentwas___hehadabadcold.A.When,becauseB.When,whyC.WhybecauseD.Whythat2021/5/930(四)Way后接定语从句的情况way后面的定语从句的引导词有which/

inwhich/that/不填，如：

Irecognizedhe’sfromAustraliafromtheway__________________hespeaks.inwhich(that/不填)2021/5/931填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺状语缺宾语缺少主语或宾语:引导词用that/which/不填(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:引导词用that/inwhich/不填2021/5/9321.Idon’tliketheway____youlaughather.

Inwhich/that/不填2021/5/933（四）判断关系代词与关系副词

2021/5/9341.Thisisthemountainvillage_____

_Ivisitedlastyear.2.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Istayedlastyear.3.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Istayedinlastyear.that/whichwherethat/which/不填2021/5/935介词可后移，此时关系代词可以省略Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebookwhich/that/不填

youaskedfor.但是有些固定动词短语不能拆开，介词不能提前，只能能够放在动词的后面Eg.ThisisXuJinglei’slatestmovie(which/that)sheislookingfor.2021/5/9361.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone2021/5/937归纳：关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。2021/5/938“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句介词后的关系代词只能是which（指物）whom（指人）2021/5/939介词选择的三原则：一介词根据从句谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定

onwhichIspent5yuan.

forwhichIpaid5yuan.ThisisthebookfromwhichIlearntalot.

aboutwhichTomoften

talks2021/5/940二.介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而

确定

Iremembertheday

onwhichIjoinedtheParty.

thedays

duringwhichI

livedhere.

themonthinwhicIstayed

there.

2021/5/941三.介词根据从句所表达的意义而

确定Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tplaycomputergames,crashedyesterday.Learningacountry’scultureislikeopeningawindow,throughwhichyoucanknowaboutthatcountrybetter.2021/5/942四.当表示所有关系或是整体中的一部分时，常用ofwhich/whom引导定语从句Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.Thisisthehouse,thewindowsofwhich(whosewindow)areverybeautiful.2021/5/943五.介词短语+关系代词常见短语：

atthefootof;atthebakeof;infrontof;onthetopofEg:Theystayedinabighotel,infrontofwhichwasagarden.2021/5/944六.名词（代词/数词）+of+关系代词该结构一般引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中一般做主语Eg;Thebuildinghadbeenrepaired,theroofofwhichwasdestroyedagaininthebigfire.2021/5/945七.介词+whose在定语从句中做定语，修饰其后的名词Eg:SheistheverypersoninwhosepocketIfoundmylostwatch.2021/5/9461.Guncontrolisasubject_____Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.OfwhichB.WithwithC.AboutwhichD.Intowhich2021/5/9472.ThehouseIgrewup____hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.InitB.InC.InthatD.Inwhich2021/5/9483.Tomreceivedtraininginacomputerforoneyear,_______hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.AfterthatB.AfterwhichC.AfteritD.Afterthis2021/5/9494.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,____wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.Withthat2021/5/9505.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenWindows,mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedfortenyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which2021/5/951定语从句与其他从句的比较1.非限制性定语从句和单句/并列句的比较Hehastwosons.Bothof_____areteachers.（句）Hehastwosons,andbothof______areteachers.（句）Hehastwosons;bothof_____areteachers.（句）Hehastwosons,bothof_______areteachers.（句）A.them

B.whomA简单AA并列并列B定语从2021/5/952分析：注意标点符号和是否有连词是区分定语从句、简单句和并列句的一个关键。2021/5/9532.as引导的非限制性定语从句与

it引导的句子Theearthisround,and____isknowntoall.______isknowntoall,theearthisround.______isknowntoallthattheearthisround.

A.(I)it

B.A(a)sABA2021/5/9543.定语从句和状语从句(1)Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanliftit.（从句）Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanlift.（从句）状语thatas定语分析：从引导词来看，状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。2021/5/955(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawerwherehecaneasilyfindit.（从句）Pleaseputtheletterwherehecaneasilyfindit.（从句）定语状语总结：where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。2021/5/9564.when引导的定语从句与强调句句型。ItwasOctober_______wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.（句）ItwasinOctober_____wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.（句）whenthat定语从强调总结：强调句句型：Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其它部分，去掉Itis/was…that/who…,句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成分。2021/5/957解题技巧：1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。2021/5/958即学即用：1)Yesterdaymyphysicsteachersetsuchadifficultexamproblem______noneofusworkedout.

A.that

B.as

C.sothat

D.whichB2021/5/9592)HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_________areouroldfriends.A.which

B.that

C.whom

D.themC2021/5/9603)Itwaseleveno’clock___theywentoutofthecinema.A.which

B.that

C.when

D.onwhichC2021/5/9611.I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays______we

spenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhich几种易混的情况及物动词2021/5/9624.Iwenttotheplace_______Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason__________hegave.

whichwhy/forwhichthat/which及物动词及物动词2021/5/9631.Lastweek,0nlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，____wantedtobuythem.A.NoneofthemB.BothofthemC.NoneofwhomD.Neitherofwhom2021/5/964Themanpulledoutagoldenwatch,-____weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A.ThehandsofwhomB.WhomthehandsofC.WhichthehandsofD.Thehandsofwhich2021/5/965Thenewlybuiltcafe,thewallsof___arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.A.ThatB.ItC.whatD.which2021/5/966That’sthenewmachian___partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhoseD.what2021/5/967Youwillfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation__youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.WhichB.WhereC.whenD.as2021/5/968JuliewasgoodatGerman,French,andRussian,allof____shespokefluently.A.WhoB.WhomC.WhichD.that2021/5/969(2011·四川高考)Thatevening,_______Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A．which

B．thatC．when D．what2021/5/970(2011·陕西高考)Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A．which B．whereC．who