2015中国科学院大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲

word版.•招生办公室•2021年11月21日考试对象报考中国科学院大学各单位〔具体指中国科学院所属各研究院、所、中心、园、台、站及校部各直属院系〕相关专业拟攻读博士学位的考生。考试目的检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。考试类型、考试内容及考试构造本考试共有五个局部：词汇〔占10%〕、完形填空〔占15%〕、阅读理解〔占40%〕、英译汉〔占15%〕，写作〔占20%〕。试卷分为：试卷一〔PaperOne〕客观试题，包括前三个局部，共75题，顺序排号；试卷二〔PaperTwo〕主观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个局部。一、词汇主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。词和词组的测试X围根本以本考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。共20题。每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。word版.二、完形填空主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和构造掌握的程度。考生应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进展综合分析和应用的能力。要求考生就所给篇章中15处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最正确答案。三、阅读理解本局部共分两节。要求考生能：1〕掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；2〕进展相关的判断和推理；3〕准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义；4〕领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。A节：主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。考生须完成1800-2000词的阅读量并就题目从四个选项中选出最正确答案。B节：主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。考生须完成700－900词的阅读量〔2篇短文〕，并根据每篇文章〔约400词〕的内容，从文后所提供的6段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。四、英译汉word版.要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出五、写作要求考生按照命题、所给提纲或背景图、表写出一篇不少于200字的短文。目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作根底知识的实际运用。考试时间及计分考试时间总计为180分钟,其中试卷一为110分钟,试卷二为70分钟。卷面总分100分。详见下表：试卷一：IAB空题量word版.试卷二：号V计句子题量516分值SAMPLETESTUNIVERSITYOFCHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCESENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATIONFORDOCTORALCANDIDATESPAPERONEPARTIVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)word版.Directions:Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.1.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa__________symbolamonguniversityprofessors.A.posttusC.Csitionace2.Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof___________archaeologicalresearch.A.legibleB.legitimateC.legislativeD.illicit3.Weseekasocietythathasatits__________arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.A.endC.cored.4.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly_________thecountry’snormaleducationaldevelopment.A.impededB.impartedC.imploredD.implemented5.Agoodeducationisanassetyoucan________fortherestofyourlife.A.spelloutB.calluponC.falloverD.resortto6.Oilcanchangeasocietymore____________thananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.A.grosslyC.rapidlyB.severelyD.drastically7.Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof___________istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.A.elitismC.eminenceB.eloquenceD.etiquetteword版.8.TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere_____________inmanypartsofit.A.alteredB.criticizedC.incorporatedD.translated9.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo__________waitingforhimtocomehome.A.overC.downD.through10.Whileacountry’seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore____________abouttheirqualityoflife.A.discriminatingB.distributingC.disagreeingD.disclosing11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto____________them.A.findfaultwithB.makethemostofword版word版.C.lookdownuponD.getevenwith12.TheMinister’s_________answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.A.impressiveB.evasiveC.intensiveD.exhaustive13.Inproportionasthe____________betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend.A.intoleranceB.pessimismC.injusticeD.antagonism14.Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercan’t__________onafourth-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.A.countB.insistC.fallD.dwell15.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir__________andranintotheelevator..A.heartsC.headsB.temperssenses16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply___________everycheatinthemarketplace.A.atthemercyofB.inlieuofC.bycourtesyofD.forthepriceof17.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe_________Singaporepension.A.equivalentC.consistentimilarD.identical18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk____________.A.honestlyB.graciouslyC.coherentlyD.flexiblyword版.19.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits_____________life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.A.significanceinC.resemblancetoB.imaginationatD.predominanceover20.Shewasartfulandcouldalways____________herparentsintheend.A.shoutdownB.getroundC.complywithD.passoverPARTIICLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheseword版.levelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy—canbeutilized.(1996).21.A.oneB.itC.thisD.there22.A.achievedB.succeededC.producedD.executed23.A.TransfersB.TransactionsC.TransportsD.Transcripts24.A.extentB.scaleC.measureD.range25.A.outgrowthB.outcropC.outputD.outcome26.A.neededB.needyC.needlessD.needing27.A.possibleB.possiblyC.probableD.probably28.A.inB.withC.asD.to29.A.leastB.lateC.latestD.last30.A.raceB.paceC.faceD.lace31.A.onB.upC.downD.out32.A.lessB.fewerC.manyD.little33.A.ratherB.hardlyC.thenD.yet34.A.lineB.moveC.driveD.track35.A.ifB.orC.whileD.asPARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSectionA(60minutes,30points)word版word版.Directions:Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Passage1Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole.Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent.Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent.Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize.Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueword版.inthehistorian’shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective.Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc.,factorswithinacommonbase.Assuch,thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome(thesis)andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines(antithesis).Therefore,thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.36.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith_____________.A.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricaleventB.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpretedword版.C.imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricaleventD.attributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive37.Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe____________.A.toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainaneventB.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory〞applestotheeventC.determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricaleventD.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifonefactorwillhaverelativelygreatervalueA.combiningelementsofdifferentmaterialintoaunifiedwholeB.atentativetheorysetforthasanexplanationforaneventC.thedirectoppositeoftheoriginalinterpretationofanevent.D.interpretinghistoricalmaterialtoprovethathistoryrepeatsitselfatimeperiodbecauseA.theeventsinhistoryaremoreimportantthanthepeoplewhomakehistoryB.existinghypothesesareadequateinexplaininghistoricaleventsC.thisisthebestmethodtodeterminethesinglemostimportantcauseforaparticularactionD.varyingfactorscanbeassimilatedwithinacommonbase40.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorconsiderfalse?A.Onefactorinahistoricalsynthesiswillnothaveagreatervaluethanotherfactors.B.Itispossibletoanalyzecommonunifyingpointsinhypotheses.C.Historicaleventsshouldbestudiedaspartofacontinuuminhistory.D.Asynthesisseekstodeterminewhyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid.Passage2.Whenyoucallthepolice,thepolicedispatcherhastolocatethecarnearestyouthatisfreetorespond.Thismeansthedispatcherhastokeeptrackofthestatusandlocationofeverypolicecar—notaneasytaskforalargedepartment.Anotherproblem,whichariseswhencarsareassignedtoregularpatrols,isthatthepatrolsmaybetooregular.Ifcriminalsfindoutthatpolicecarswillpassaparticularlocationatregularintervals,theysimplyplantheircrimesfortimeswhennopatrolisexpected.Therefore,patrolcarsshouldpassbyanyparticularlocationatrandomtimes;thefactthatacarjustpassedshouldbenoguaranteethatanotheroneisnotjustaroundthecorner.Yetsimplyorderingtheofficerstopatrolatrandomwouldleadtochaos.Acomputerdispatchingsystemcansolveboththeseproblems.Thecomputerhasnotroublekeepingtrackofthestatusandlocationofeachcar.Withthisinformation,itcandetermineinstantlywhichcarshouldrespondtoanincomingcall.Andwiththeaidofapseudorandomnumbergenerator,thecomputercanassignroutinepatrolssothatcriminalscan’tpredictjustwhenapolicecarwillpassthroughaparticulararea.(Beforecomputers,policesometimesusedroulettewheelsandsimilardevicestomakerandomassignments.)Computersalsocanrelievepoliceofficersfromconstantlyhavingtoreporttheirstatus.Thepolicecarwouldcontainaspecialautomaticradiotransmitterandreceiver.Theofficerwouldsetadialonthisunitindicatingthecurrentstatus.ofthecar—patrolling,directingtraffic,chasingaspeeder,answeringacall,outtolunch,andsoon.Whennecessary,thecomputeratheadquarterscouldpollthecarforitsstatus.Thevoiceradiochannelswouldnotbecloggedwithcarsconstantlyreportingwhattheyweredoing.Acomputerinthecarautomaticallycoulddeterminethelocationofthecar,perhapsusingtheLORANmethod.Thelocationofthecaralsowouldbesentautomaticallytotheheadquarterscomputer.41.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe___________.A.ComputersandCrimesB.PatrolCarDispatchingC.ThePowerfulComputersD.ThePolicewithModernEquipment42.ApolicedispatcherisNOTsupposedto_____________.A.locateeverypatrolcarB.guaranteecarsonregularpatrolsC.keepintouchwitheachpolicecarD.findoutwhichcarshouldrespondtotheincomingcall.43.Ifthepatrolsaretooregular,_____________.A.thedispatcherswillbeboredwithitB.theofficersmaybecomecarelessC.thecriminalsmaytakeadvantageofitD.thestreetswillbeinastateofchaos44.Thecomputerdispatchingsystemisparticularlygoodat______________.A.assigningcarstoregularpatrolsB.respondingtotheincomingcallsC.orderingofficerstoreporttheirlocationD.makingroutinepatrolsunpredictable45.Accordingtotheaccountinthelastparagraph,howcanapatrolcarbelocatedwithoutcomputers?A.Policeofficersreporttheirstatusconstantly.B.Theheadquarterspollthecarforitsstatus.C.Aradiotransmitterandreceiverisinstalledinacar..D.Adialinthecarindicatesitscurrentstatus.Passage3Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulse.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhasand,onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemtoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,.donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirl-friend.Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosanechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.46.Accordingtotheauthor,thebestwaytoretellastorytoachildistoA.tellitinacreativewayB.takefromitwhatthechildlikesC.addtoitwhateverathandD.readitoutofthestorybook.47.Inthesecondparagraph,whichstatementbestexpressestheauthor’sattitudetowardsfairystories?A.Heseesinthemtheworstofhumannature.word版word版.B.Hedislikeseverythingaboutthem.C.Heregardsthemasmoreofabenefitthanharms.D.Heisexpectantoftheexperimentalresults.48.Accordingtotheauthor,fairystoriesaremostlikelyto____________.A.makechildrenaggressivethewholelifeB.incitedestructivenessinchildrenC.functionasasafetyvalveforchildrenD.addchildren’senjoymentofcrueltytoothers49.Ifthechildhasheardsomehorrorstoryformorethanonce,accordingtotheauthor,hewouldprobablybe______________.A.scaredtodeathB.takingitandevenenjoyingitC.sufferingmorethepainoffearD.dangerouslyterrified.50.Theauthor’smentionofbroomsticksandtelephonesismeanttoemphasizethat___________.A.oldfairystorieskeepupdatingthemselvestocaterformodernneedsB.fairystorieshaveclaimedmanylivesofvictimsC.fairystorieshavethrownourworldintochaosD.fairystoriesareafterallfairystoriesPassage4Therehasbeenalotofhand-wringingoverthedeathofElizabethSteinberg.Withoutblaminganyoneinparticular,neighbors,friends,socialworkers,thepoliceandnewspapereditorshavestruggledtodefinethecommunity’sresponsibilitytoElizabethandtootherbatteredchildren.Asthecollectivesoul-searchingcontinues,thereisapervadingsensethatthesystemfailedher.Thefactis,inNewYorkStatethesystemcouldn’thavesavedher.Itisalmostimpossibletoprotectachildfromviolentparents,especiallyiftheyarewhite,middle-class,well-educatedandrepresentedbycounsel.Whydoesthestatepermitviolenceagainstchildren?Thereareanumberofreasons.First,parentalprivilegeisarationalization.Inthepast,thelawwasgivingitsapprovaltothebiblicalinjunctionagainstsparingtherod..Second,whileeveryoneagreesthatthestatemustacttoremovechildrenfromtheirhomeswhenthereisdangerofseriousphysicaloremotionalharm,manychildadvocatesbelievethatstateinterventionintheabsenceofseriousinjuryismoreharmfulthanhelpful.Third,courtsandlegislaturestreadcarefullywhentheiractionsintrudeorthreatentointrudeonarelationshipprotectedbytheConstitution.In1923,theSupremeCourtrecognizedthe“libertyofparentandguardiantodirecttheingingandeducationofchildrenundertheircontrolMorerecentlyin1977,itupheldtheteacher’sprivilegetousecorporalpunishmentagainstschoolchildren.Readtogether,thesedecisionsgivetheconstitutionalimprimaturtoparentaluseofphysicalforce.Underthebestconditions,smallchildrendependutterlyontheirparentsforsurvival.Undertheworst,theirdependencydoomsthem.WhileitisquestionablewhetheranyoneoranythingcouldhavesavedElizabethSteinberg,itisplainthatthelawprovidednoprotection.Tothecontrary,byjustifyingtheuseofphysicalforceagainstchildrenasanacceptablemethodofeducationandcontrol,thelawlentameasureofplausibilityandlegitimacytoherparents’conduct.Morethan80yearsago,intheteethofparentalresistanceandSupremeCourtdoctrine,theNewYorkStateLegislatureactedtoeliminatechildlaborlaw.Now,thestatemustacttoeliminatechildabusebybanningcorporalpunishment..Tobreakthecycleofviolence,nothinglesswillanswer.IfthereisalessontobedrawnfromthedeathofElizabethSteinberg,itisthis:sparetherodandsparethechild.51.TheNewYorkStatelawseemstoprovideleastprotectionofachildfromviolentparentsof____________.A.afamilyonwelfareB.apooruneducatedfamilyC.aneducatedblackfamilyD.amiddle-classwhitefamilyA.spoilingchildrenB.punishingchildrenC.notcaringaboutchildrenD.notbeatingchildren53.Corporalpunishmentagainstschoolchildrenis_____________..A.takenasillegalintheNewYorkStateB.consideredbeingintheteacher’sprovinceC.officiallyapprovedbylawD.disapprovedbyschoolteachers54.FromthearticlewecaninferthatElizabethSteinbergisprobablythevictimof____________.A.teachers’corporalpunishmentB.misjudgmentofthecourtC.parents’ill-treatmentD.streetviolence55.Thewriterofthisarticlethinksthatbanningcorporalpunishmentwillinthelongrun_____________.A.preventviolenceofadultsB.savemorechildrenC.protectchildrenfromill-treatmentD.betterthesystemword版.Passage5Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityscholars,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Disastrousdeathsmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateacquaintances.AstorysetinamoreremoteAfricanjungleorAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablytruebackground.Theelaborate,carefully-assembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticswithitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapism.fromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlytakedelightintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,who,sufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler,Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.56.Thecrimenovelisregardedbytheauthoras_________________.A.anotrespectableformofthetraditionalnovelB.notatruenovelatallC.relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovelword版word版.D.adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel57.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin_______________.A.seekingrestfromworkorworriesB.solvingmysteriousdeathsinthissocietyC.restoringexpectationsinpolitesocietyD.preventingcrimes58.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,A.moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovelsB.asrealaslifeitselfC.notlikehumanbeingsatallD.notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely59.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissometimesinamoreremoteplacebecause___________.A.itismorereal.B.ourfriendsarefamiliarwithitC.itpleasesthereadersinawayD.itneedsthereaders’support60.Thewriterofthispassagethinks_____________.A.whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidenceB.peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumphC.theyknowintherealworldgooddoesnotprevailoverevilD.theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreadingPassage6Wheneverweareinvolvedinacreativetypeofactivitythatisself-rewarding,overcomesusafeelingthatwecancallflowWhenweareflowingweloseallsenseoftimeandawarenessofwhatishappeningaroundus;instead,wefeelthateverythingisgoingjustright.Arockdancerdescribeshisfeelingofflowlikethis:“IfIhaveenoughspace,IfeelIcanradiateanenergyintotheatmosphere.Icandancef