2022年大学英语四级考试翻译练习五

2022大学英语四级考试翻译练习五Directions:Readtheunderlinedsentencescarefully,andthentranslatethemintoChinese.Youmaycheckyouranswersafteryoufinishthem.

PassageOne

Peoplecanbeaddicted（上瘾）todifferentthings,forexample,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchanaddictionarecompulsive（强迫的）;i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders.Theyfeelthattheymustspendmoney.Thiscompulsion,likemostothers,isimpossibletoexplainreasonably.Forcompulsivespenders,chargeaccounts（赊购帐户）areevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.Inotherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthatwithcredit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.

Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon’tneedjustbecausetheyarecheap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.

Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychologytoincreasebusiness:Theyconsiderpeople’sneedsforlove,power,orinfluence,theirbasicvalues,theirbeliefsandopinions,andsoonintheiradvertisingandsalesmethods.

Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled“behaviortherapy”tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.

PassageTwo

Forcenturiesmandreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chineschildrenplayedwithafanliketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceived（构思）thefirstmechanicalapparatus（装置）,calleda“Helix”,whichcouldcarryamanstraightup,butthiswasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.

Theancientdreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianimmigrant,anaeronauticalengineer,pilotedastrange-lookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thatvehiclewascalledahelicopter.

Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofcommutingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopter.Everymanwouldhaveoneinhisbackyard.Peopleanticipatedthatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.

Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyversatile（多样化）machine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasofficesintheair,manybigcitiesusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies:Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to–get–toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirotherkindsofuses,theydeliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.

PassageThree

Mostofustrademoneyforentertainment.Movies,concertsandshowsareenjoyablebutexpensive.Ifyouthinkthatyoucan’thaveagoodtimewithoutspendingalotofmoney,readon.Alittleresourcefulness（丰富资源）andafewminutesofnewspaper-scanningshouldgiveyousomepleasantsurprises.

Peoplemaybethemostinterestingshowinalargecity.Strollthroughbusystreetsandseewhateverybodyelseisdoing.Youwillprobablyseepeoplefromallovertheworld;youwillcertainlyseepeopleofeveryage,size,andshape,andyou’llgetafreefashionshow,too.Window-shoppingisalsoasafesport-ifthestoresareclosed.

Checkthelistinginyourneighborhoodpaper.Localcollegesorschoolsoftenwelcomethepublictohearaninterestingspeakeroragooddebate.Thefilmorconcertseriesatthelocalpubliclibraryprobablywon’tcostyouapenny.Besuretocheckcommercialadvertisementstoo.Afleamarket（跳蚤市场）canprovidehoursofpleasantbrowsing（扫瞄）.Perhapsyoucanfindafreecookingorcraftsdemonstrationinadepartmentstore.

Planaheadforsomeactivities.Itisalwaysmorepleasantnottohavepeopleinfrontofyouinamuseumoratazoo.Youmaysavemoney,too,sincetheseplacesoftensetasideoneortwofreeadmissiondaysatslowtimesduringtheweek.Pretendthatyouareatouristfromtimetotime,andgettoknowyourcityalloveragainincludingtheindispensablesightsthatpeopletravelmilestosee.Ifyoufeelliketakinganinterestingwalk,findafreewalkingtour,orplanoneyourself.Youwillseeyourcityinanewperspectiveonceyouknowmoreaboutitshistoryoritsarchitecturaltreasures.Withimaginationandaspiritofadventureyoucanquiteeasilyfindgoodentertainmentatnocostatall.

PassageFour

Ifyouwanttostayyoung,sitdownandhaveagoodthink.ThisistheresearchfindingofateamofJapanesedoctors,whosaythatmostofourbrainsarenotgettingenoughexercise-andasaresult,weareagingunnecessarilysoon.

ProfessorTaijuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyotherwisehealthyfarmersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelativelyearlyage,andhowtheprocessofagingcouldbesloweddown.

WithateamofcolleaguesatTokyoNationalUniversity,hesetaboutmeasuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesandvaryingoccupations.

Computertechnologyenabledtheresearcherstoobtainprecisemeasurementsofthevolumeofthefrontandsidesectionsofthebrain,whichrelatetointellect（智能）andemotion,anddeterminethehumancharacter.(Therearsectionofthebrain,whichcontrolsfunctionslikeeatingandbreathing,doesnotcontractwithage,andonecancontinuelivingwithoutintellectualoremotionalfacultiesorfunctions.)

Contractionoffrontandsideparts-ascellsdieoff-wasobservedinsomesubjectsintheirthirties,butitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty-andseventy-year-olds.

Matsuzawaconcludedfromhisteststhatthereisasimpleremedytothec