非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

PAGEPAGE4谓语动词用法归纳主动被动1.doing用在要求动词后；进行；伴随；性质；特点；概括；抽象；一般3.havingdone有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首)2.beingdone正在进行的被动4.havingbeendone用于句首；要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作）5.todo用在要求动词后；目的；将来；具体7.tohavedone在要求动词后表完成的动作(一般用在句中)6.tobedone将来的被动8.tohavebeendone用在要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作）9.done被动；完成（一般或普遍时间）一、表格的用法doing的用法（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit承认advocate提倡/主张consider考虑can'thelp不禁can'tstand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得Youshouldtrytoavoidmakingmistakes.Thebookisworthreading.Thebookdeservesreading.（2）表进行Walkingonthegrassland,Isawasnake.=WhenIwaswalkingonthegrassland,Isawasnake.ThemanspeakingEnglishisTom.=ThemanwhoisspeakingEnglishisTom.（3）表主动ThemanspeakingEnglishisTom=ThemanwhospeaksEnglishisTom.=ThemanwhospokeEnglishisTom.Nobodydinksboilingwaterbutboiledwater.=Nobodydinkswaterthatisboilingbutthewaterthathasboiled.（4）表伴随IstandoutsidewaitingforMr.Chen.Ilieinbedreadinganovel.（5）表性质；特点Thefilmisverymoving.Sheisunderstanding,soyouhadbetterdiscussyourbusinesswithher.（6）概括性,一般性Climbingmountainisveryinteresting.Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性)Ourworkisservingthepeople．（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如：

Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem．他坚持要我和他们一起去。

Hedislikeshiswife'sworkinglate．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。2.beingdone表示正在进行的被动TheboybeingcriticizedbyMr.ChenisTom.=TheboywhoisbeingcriticizedbyMr.ChenisTom.BeingcriticizedbyMr.Chen,theboyfeltsad.=WhentheboywasbeingcriticizedbyMr.Chen,hefeltsad.Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbethetallestoneinthiscity.=Thebuildingthatisbeingbuiltwillbethetallestoneinthiscity.3.havingdone有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首)Havingfinishedtheclass,Iwenthome.=AfterIhadfinishedtheclass,Iwenthome.Havingdonethework,Ihadashortrest.=AfterIhaddonethework,Ihadashortrest.Havingdonethework,Iwentbackhome.Havingbeendone,theworkwascheckedbytheleaders.4.havingbeendone用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,（有过去时间或过去动作）Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.(要求动词后)=IappreciatethatIwasgiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.Havingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago,Istillappreciateyourhelpthen.=BecauseIwasgiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago,IstillappreciateyourhelpthenIappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.IenjoygivingtheopportunitytostudyabroadtoMr.Wang.Iappreciatebeinggiventheopportunitytostudyabroadnow.Havingbeenfinished,thereportwasturnedin.=Afterthereporthadbeenfinished,itwasturnedin.5.todo的用法:(1)用在要求动词后:接todo的动词（作宾语）attempt企图afford负担得起arrange安排appear似乎，显得ask问agree同意believe认为、相信begin开始beg请求bother扰乱/烦恼care关心，喜欢choose选择claim要求consent同意，赞同contrive设法，图谋demand要求destine注定determine决定dread害怕desire愿望decide决定enable能够expect期望endeavor努力fail不能hate憎恨/厌恶happen碰巧hesitate犹豫hope希望intend想要incline有…倾向long渴望love爱learn学习mean意欲，打算manage设法neglect忽视need需要omit忽略，漏offer提供pretend假装plan计划prefer喜欢/宁愿prepare准备profess表明promise承诺/允许propose提议refuse拒绝swear宣誓start开始seek找/寻觅try试图undertake承接volunteer志愿vow起wish希望want想要(2)表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作(做表语)。

Ourworkistoservethepeople．ThepersontodothejobisTom.=ThepersonwhowilldothejobisTom.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．一次做两件事等于未做。

WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建议是立刻开始干。如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。

Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。

Toworkmeanstoearnaliving．工作就是为了生活。如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

ThefunctionofLouisSullivan'sarchitecturewastoprovidelargeuninterruptedfloorareasandtoallowamplelightintotheinterior.

Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemaboutthefutureoftheplant．省to的动词不定式

1）情态动词(除ought外，oughtto)：

2）使役动词let,have,make；在被动语态中则to不能省掉。Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.

3）感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补，省略to。在被动语态中则to不能省掉。

Isawhimdance.=hewasseentodance.

注：感官动词还可以接现在分词，表示一个（短暂）动作正在进行；不定式则表示动作的整个过程。Isawhimdance.（整个跳舞的过程）Isawhimdancing.（我看见他时，他正在跳舞。强调动作正在发生）Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound________inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smokedfindsb.doingsth意为“发现某人正在做某事”。

4）表示个人意愿或倾向的wouldrather，hadbetter，might(just)aswell：ratherthan置于句首时。

Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabike.Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,better________it—you’vegotsomebigbillscoming.A.forgetB.forgotC.forgettingD.toforget

5）why…/whynot…

6）help可带to，也可不带to,helpsb(to)dosth：

7）but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式；是其他动词时，则要带to。Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.8）不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。

We'vemissedthelastbus.Allwecoulddonowiswalkhome.

9）通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后，可以省去tobe：

Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他应该是个好人。

10）当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。HewantstomovetoFranceandmarryThepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.6.tobedone将来的被动Theworktobefinishedtomorrowisimportant.=Theworkthatwillbefinishedtomorrowisimportant.=Theworkthatistobedoneisdifficulttofinish.7．tohavedone在要求动词后表完成的动作(一般用在句中)Mr.Chenissaidtohavedonethejob.=Mr.Chenissaidthathedidthejob.Chinesemen’basketballteamisreportedtohaveacceptedagoodtrainingbeforetheOlympicGames.=Chinesemen’basketballteamisreportedthattheyacceptedagoodtrainingbeforetheOlympicGames.8.tohavebeendone用在要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作）ThejobissaidtohavebeendonebyMr.Chen.=ThejobissaidthatitwasdonebyMr.Chen.9.done被动；完成（一般或普遍时间）Seenfromthemoon,theearthlookslikeablueball.=Whenitisseenfromthemoon,theearthlookslikeablueball.Theworkdoneisimportant.=Theworkthathasbeendoneisimportant=TheworkthatwasdoneisimportantPeoplecannotbutfeelpuzzled，fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.二、出题形式1．空格在句首：（1）句子分前后两部分，后面分句的主语能发出前面的动作，前面空格用主动，否则用被动；（2）beinterestedin;befacedwith;bedevotedto;bedelightedwith;beaddictedto;beseatedon;bedressedin;(be)used/accustomedto;bearmedwith;beinvolvedin;beconcernedabout/with;beattachedto;等在句首只能用--ed形式Facedwithsomanydifficulties,Iworkhardeveryday.Devotedtomywork;Icarenothingelse.2．空格在句中：（1）空格前面的名词能发出后面的动作，空格用主动，否则用被动（2）要求动词（后接doing的动词；后接todo的动词）(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

forgettodo忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forgetdoing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）

stoptodo停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事

remembertodo记住去做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)

regrettodo对要做的事遗憾regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔

trytodo努力、企图做某事trydoing试验、试一试某种办法

meantodo打算，有意要…meandoing意味着

goontodo继而（去做另外一件事情）goondoing继续（原先没有做完的事情）

proposetodo打算（要做某事）proposingdoing建议（做某事）like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具体行为；+doingsth表示抽象、倾向概念Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。

Itisagreatfunplayingfootball．打篮球很有趣。Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain．设法解释是浪费时间。

Itis+useless(nice,good，interesting,expensive等形容词)+doingsth．

Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。Itisniceseeingyouagain．真高兴又遇到了你。

ItisgoodPlayingchessaftersupper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。Itisexpensiverunningthiscar．开这种小车是浪费。3．空格在句尾：（1）物+need,want,deserve,demand,require+doing(=tobedone)Theblackboardneedscleaning.=Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.（2）参考使役动词make;let;get;have的用法Sb(1)makessb(2)do前面的人让/叫/使后面的人做某事Mr.ChenmakesusdoEnglishexercise.Sb(1)makessb(2)doing前面的人让/叫/使后面的人一直做某事（有前提条件，表示抱怨或发牢骚）Mr.ChenistoostrictonourEnglishstudyandhealwaysmakesusdoingEnglishexercise.Sb(2)ismadetodo某人被让/叫/使去做某事WearemadetodoEnglishexercise.Sbmakesoneself/one’spointdone某人让/叫/使自己或自己的话/观点让别人听懂Mr.ChenspeaksEnglishslowlyinordertomakehimselfunderstoodintheclass.Sbmakessthdone某人把/让/叫/使某事给别人做Ihavemyhaircut.Sbhasdonesth某人已经做完了某事Ihavecutmyhair.（3）不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。

Ineedapentowritewith．我需要一支笔写字。

Thereisnothingtoworryabout．没有什么值得发愁的。Ifi