医学英语课件lesson6二

TopicsforClassDiscussion1.Whyshouldasurgeonneverleavetheoperatingroomareaevenifthereportisdictated?2.Whyistheoperativereportimportant?3.Whydoestheauthorthinkthattheoperativereportisachallenge?4.Ifanoperativereporthasnotbeendictatedaccuratelyorclearly,whatconsequencemayfollow?5.Whataretherequirementsfordictatinganoperativereport?6.Ifasurgeonwantstodeletesomecomments,whatshouldhedo?Incaseofpneumoniaascomplicationpatientsshouldbegivenacarefulattendance.应给予病人细心的护理，以免并发肺炎。

attendv.照顾，料理Theattendingdoctorinsiststhatablood-sugardeterminationbemadeonceamonth.主治医生坚持要求每月测定一次血糖。attendanceindispensable:essentiale.g.Properexercisesareindispensabletoindividual’shealth.Thespecialsensesareourguardians.Assuchtheyareindispensabletous.Oninspectionalone,cystictumorsmaybeindistinguishablefromascites.仅凭望诊不能将囊肿与腹水加以区别。

cystn.囊肿When

punctured,such

cysts

yield

an

exudate.当穿刺时，这样的囊肿产生渗出液。cystic

Earlyrecognitionandpromptmanagementofthehypotensiveshockarerewardingandmandatory.早期诊断和及时治疗低血压休克既有好处也很必要。

mandatoryAriseinserumcreatinineorbloodureanitrogenisanindicatorofseveredisease.Myoglobinhasbeenfoundtobeanextremelysensitiveindicatorofmyocardialnecrosis.血清肌酐和血液尿素氮的升高指示疾病严重。人们发现肌红蛋白是心肌坏死的一种极为灵敏的指示物。

Indexn.指标，指数indicator

ResidencyAssistantdoctor医士Resident住院医师Chiefresident住院总医师Attendingdoctor主治医师/doctor-in-chargeAssociateseniordoctor副主任医师Fullseniordoctor主任医师Pharmacist药师Nurse护士Laboratorytechnician实验员Technologist技师Researchfellow研究员

Thediagnosisisconfirmedbyariseinspecificantibodytiter.

Specificimmunitymaybeinheritedtoacertaindegree.特异免疫在一定程度上是可以遗传的。

specificationspecifica.特定的，特异性的n.

细节，特性；特效药

Sofar,thereisnospecificforthiscancer.到目前为止，尚无这种癌症的特效药。特异性抗体滴定度升高可确定诊断。Dispositionn.Dispose(of)v.Itisestimatedtodisposeofabout30%oftheglucosemetabolizedbytheliver.据估计通过肝脏代谢可以处理约30%的葡萄糖。Histology<生>组织学Embryologyn. 胚胎学HistologicHistologicallyExclusion分离术Bypass导管Shunt

分流术GastricThehighestincidenceofgastriculcerisinadolescenceandearlyadultlife.胃溃疡最高发病率是在青春期或成年初期。Gastritis胃炎Gastroenteritis

胃肠炎Gastrointestinal

胃肠道的Gastroscopy胃镜检查Suture缝合The

Ascarisadultsmayperforateasuturelineorcauseabileorpancreaticductobstruction.蛔虫成虫可穿破缝线或引起胆管或胰腺管阻塞。

Subject

n.主题；学科；受治疗者；受试者Allsubjectswerestartedon25mgofimipramineatbedtime.Theeasyhypertrophicchangesareusuallyobservedonlyinyounghypertensivesubjects.Thesubjectsofdepressionandbipolardisordersinchildrenandadolescentsisnotreallynew.所有受试者都开始在就寝前服用25mg丙咪嗪。早期的肥厚性变化通常见于年轻高血压患者。儿童和少年的抑郁症和双相疾病并非新问题。a.易受…的Theopenwoundissubjecttoinfection.Acuteaswellaschronicrheumaticconditionsaresubjectonlytosymptomatictreatments.敞开的伤口容易感染。急性和慢性的风湿病都只能用对症疗法。ProximityClosephysicalproximityordirectperson-to-personcontactistheusualrequisiteforinfection.人与物体的密切接触或人与人的直接接触通常是感染的必要条件。Proximala.邻近的，近端的Proximallyad.最近的proximala.e.g.Thecarotidsinusisaslightdilationoftheproximalpartoftheinternalcarotidartery.颈动脉是最接近颈内动脉稍微扩大的部分。submit:present

e.g.Theinvestigatorssubmittedtheirresearchprotocolsonpatientstreatedwiththisnewtechniques.AllimportantproblemsmustbesubmittedtothePartyCommitteefordiscussion.incidentala.relatedtosomethingbutconsideredlessimportant(usuallyfollowedby“to”)incidentala.

附带发生的，易发生的Thoseundergoingcholecystectomyfortraumaorcholecystectomyincidentaltootherprocedureswereexcluded.那些因外伤或其他手术而附带做胆囊切除术的病例不包括在内。backIf,forexample,aliverbiopsyisperformedincidentaltoagastricexclusionandbypassforobesity,thepresumptivediagnosisfattylivershouldbegivenasadiagnosis.例如，因肥胖而进行胃分离术和分流术的同时附带做肝脏活检，则应作出“脂肪肝”这样一个推测性诊断。*incidenta.(to)

e.g.ManypeoplehavebeenX-rayedincidenttomassscreeningsurveysforpulmonarydiseases.

gastro-(stomach)

gastritis

gastroesophageal

gastroscopy

gastrochronorrhea

gastroduodenal

（胃炎）（胃食管的）（胃镜检查）（慢性胃液溢）（胃十二指肠的）cardio-(heart)cardiovascularcardiologistcardionecrosiscardiomyopathycardiotoxin（心血管的）（心脏病学家）（心肌病）（心脏毒素）（心肌坏死）

laryngo-(throat)larynx

laryngitis

laryngotracheal

laryngoparalysis

laryngalgia

laryngopharynx

（喉炎）（喉气管的）（喉麻痹）（喉痛）（喉咽）cysto-(bladder,sac)cysticcystoureteritischolecystitiscystoscopycystitis（囊的）（膀胱输尿管炎）（膀胱镜检查）（膀胱炎）（胆囊炎）

-tomy(cutting)

laryngotomy

cystotomy

gastrotomy

cardiotomy

cerebrotomy

（喉切开术）（膀胱切开术）（胃切开术）（心切开术，贲门切开术）（脑切开术）-ectomy(cuttingout)tonsillectomycholecystectomygastrectomyappendicectomysplenectomy（扁桃体切除术）（胆囊切除术）（阑尾切除术）（脾切除术）（胃切除术）

-stomy(out-letforming)

laryngostomy

cystostomy

gastrostomy

duodenoenterostomy

gastroesophagostomy

（喉造口术）（膀胱造口术）（胃造口术）（十二指肠小肠吻合术）（胃食管吻合术）Translation:Theinitialdiagnosticworkupofthesurgicalpatientisconcernedchieflywithdeterminingthecauseofthecomplaints.Exceptinminorsurgicalillness,thisinitialworkupshouldbesupplementedbyacompleteassessmentofthepatient’sgeneralhealth.Suchanevaluation,whichshouldbecompletedpriortoallmajoroperations,seekstoidenti